构造一个矩形位图,位图内有一个带有阴影和紫色间隙的小球,程序使用定时器来控制小球的动作,实际上是每当接收到定时器消息时将位图通过BitBlt函数复制到客户区,每当小球碰撞到客户区上下左右四边时就反弹回来。下面代码有本人的理解注释可供参考,本人才疏学浅,不妥请见谅。效果图如下:
刚开始(初始其实是在客户区中心开始的,难截图就随便找张了,但理解就OK了,不碍事):
移动后:
#include<windows.h>
#define ID_TIMER 1
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR szCmdline, int iCmdShow)
{
static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("Bounce");
HWND hWnd;//窗口句柄
MSG mSg;//消息结构体
//创建窗口类
WNDCLASSEX wndClass;
//设置窗口类各类属性
wndClass.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);//设置窗口类结构体大小
wndClass.cbClsExtra = 0;//窗口类尾部的一部分额外的空间
wndClass.cbWndExtra = 0;
wndClass.hInstance = hInstance;//应用程序当前的实例句柄
wndClass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_HELP);
wndClass.hIcon = NULL;
wndClass.hIconSm = NULL;
wndClass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
wndClass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;//回调函数的地址(窗口消息处理程序)
wndClass.lpszClassName = szAppName;//窗口类的名字,也就是窗口的标识,后面用于创建窗口函数的参数。
wndClass.lpszMenuName = NULL;//菜单的名字,没有为NULL。
wndClass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;//窗口类的样式,它的值可以是窗口样式值的任意组合。CS_HREDRAW CS_VREDRAW,这个是垂直刷新和水平刷新,窗口尺寸改变,重画活动区域。
//注册对话框类
if (!RegisterClassEx(&wndClass))
{
DWORD error_code = GetLastError();
MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("This program requires Windows NT!"), TEXT("NumRain"), MB_ICONERROR | MB_OKCANCEL);
return 0;
}
hWnd = CreateWindow(szAppName, TEXT("The Hello Program"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 200, 200, 800, 500, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);
ShowWindow(hWnd, iCmdShow);
UpdateWindow(hWnd);
while (GetMessage(&mSg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage(&mSg);
DispatchMessage(&mSg);
}
return (int)mSg.wParam;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
HDC hdc,hdcMem;
HBRUSH hBrush;
int iScale;
static HBITMAP hBitmap;
static int cxClient, cyClient,xCenter,yCenter,cxTotal,cyTotal,cxRadius,cyRadius,cxMove,cyMove,xPixel,yPixel;
switch (message)
{
case WM_CREATE:
//初始化数据
hdc = GetDC(hwnd);
xPixel = GetDeviceCaps(hdc, ASPECTX);//36
yPixel = GetDeviceCaps(hdc, ASPECTY);//36
ReleaseDC(hwnd, hdc);
SetTimer(hwnd, ID_TIMER, 50, NULL);
return 0;
case WM_SIZE:
//客户区中心的坐标
xCenter = (cxClient = LOWORD(lParam)) / 2;//392
yCenter = (cyClient = HIWORD(lParam)) / 2;//230
iScale = min(cxClient*xPixel, cyClient*yPixel) / 16;//1037
//球水平的半径和垂直的半径
cxRadius = iScale / xPixel;//28
cyRadius = iScale / yPixel;//28
//球水平的半径的一半和垂直的半径的一半
cxMove = max(1, cxRadius / 2);//14
cyMove = max(1, cyRadius / 2);//14
//位图宽和高
cxTotal = 2 * (cxRadius + cxMove);//84
cyTotal = 2 * (cyRadius + cyMove);//84
if (hBitmap)
{
DeleteObject(hBitmap);
}
hdc = GetDC(hwnd);
//创建内存设备环境
hdcMem = CreateCompatibleDC(hdc);
//创建与客户区兼容的GDI位图对象,该位图宽为cxTotal,高为cyTotal
hBitmap = CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdc, cxTotal, cyTotal);
ReleaseDC(hwnd, hdc);
//将GDI位图对象选入内存设备环境,扩大了显示表面
SelectObject(hdcMem, hBitmap);
//矩形的边框被绘制在位图之外
Rectangle(hdcMem, -1, -1, cxTotal + 1, cyTotal + 1);
//创建阴影画刷
hBrush = CreateHatchBrush(HS_DIAGCROSS, 0L);
SelectObject(hdcMem, hBrush);
//设置阴影画刷间隔的空白处为紫色
SetBkColor(hdcMem, RGB(255, 0, 255));
/*
将小球绘制在位图的中心
值得注意的是,阴影画刷和阴影间隙的紫色效果都是在Rectangle函数之后,说明只有球才有阴影画刷和紫色间隙,而球外面的边空还是白色的。
*/
Ellipse(hdcMem, cxMove, cyMove, cxTotal - cxMove, cyTotal - cyMove);
DeleteDC(hdcMem);
DeleteObject(hBrush);
return 0;
case WM_TIMER:
if (!hBitmap)
{
break;
}
hdc = GetDC(hwnd);
//创建内存设备环境
hdcMem = CreateCompatibleDC(hdc);
//将绘制好的位图对象选入内存设备环境
SelectObject(hdcMem, hBitmap);
//如果画图细心分析,会发现位图中心,水平和垂直每移动cxMove个像素,都会有新的位图覆盖上一个位图的球,这就不会出现球的残影了
BitBlt(hdc, xCenter - cxTotal / 2, yCenter - cyTotal / 2, cxTotal, cyTotal, hdcMem, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
ReleaseDC(hwnd, hdc);
DeleteDC(hdcMem);
xCenter += cxMove;
yCenter += cyMove;
//客户区左右两边的碰撞检测
if ((xCenter + cxRadius >= cxClient) || (xCenter - cxRadius <= 0))
{
//将小球反弹回去
cxMove = -cxMove;
}
if ((yCenter + cyRadius >= cyClient) || (yCenter - cyRadius <= 0))
{
//将小球反弹回去
cyMove = -cyMove;
}
return 0;
case WM_CLOSE:
if (IDOK == MessageBox(hwnd, TEXT("是否退出?"), TEXT("对话框"), MB_OKCANCEL | MB_DEFBUTTON1 | MB_ICONQUESTION))
{
DestroyWindow(hwnd);
}
else
{
return 0;
}
case WM_DESTROY:
if (hBitmap)
{
DeleteObject(hBitmap);
}
KillTimer(hwnd, ID_TIMER);
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
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