ethereum入门-常用命令示例(包括创建用户、挖矿、交易等)

ethereum常用命令示例

用户管理

• 打开控制台

   $ geth  --datadir=path/to/custom/data/folder attach
    --datadir“~/.ethereum”数据库和密钥库的数据目录

• 创建账户,参数是密码
  在控制台输入下面命令：

  personal.newAccount("Write here a good, randomly generated, passphrase!")
  "0x0fec688d601909d28faf6fe18cf6230d08b698b6"

  默认第一个创建的用户为主用户

• 查看用户：

  eth.accounts
  ["0x0fec688d601909d28faf6fe18cf6230d08b698b6"]

  账户的排序反映了他们创建的时间。 密钥文件存储在DATADIR / keystore下，可以通过复制其中包含的文件在客户端之间传输。 这些文件使用密码加密，如果它们包含任何数量的以太网，则应备份。 但是，请注意，如果您传输个别密钥文件，则提交的帐户顺序可能会发生变化，您可能无法在同一位置结束同一帐户。 因此请注意，只要您不将外部密钥文件复制到您的密钥存储区，只依赖帐户索引即可。

• 解锁帐户

  personal.unlockAccount("0xf9ab190a9c56fd0d945eac9659c0c9519b13c64e")
  或者
  这里是给第一个账户解锁
  user1=eth.accounts[0]
  personal.unlockAccount(user1)

挖矿

• 开始挖矿

  miner.start()
  挖到一个区块会奖励5个以太币，挖矿所得的奖励会进入矿工的账户，这个账户叫做coinbase，默认情况下coinbase是本地账户中的第一个账户：

• 查看挖矿进账用户

  eth.coinbase
  "0xf9ab190a9c56fd0d945eac9659c0c9519b13c64e"
  现在的coinbase是账户0，要想使挖矿奖励进入其他账户，通过miner.setEtherbase()将其他账户设置成coinbase即可

• 设置挖矿用户

  miner.setEtherbase(eth.accounts[1])
  true
  eth.coinbase
  "0xb89bf2a212484ef9f1bd09efcd57cf37dbb1e52f"

• 停止挖矿

  miner.stop()
  true

• 检查挖矿是否已经停止，eth.mining 输出为false时表示挖矿已经停止

  eth.mining
  false

交易

• 查看帐号余额

  eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0])

  getBalance()返回值的单位是wei，wei是以太币的最小单位，1个以太币=10的18次方个wei。要查看有多少个以太币，可以用web3.fromWei()将返回值换算成以太币：

  web3.fromWei(eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0]),'ether')
  340
  单位转换： Ether–> Wei
  web3.toWei(1)

  单位转换： Wei –> Ether

  web3.fromWei(10000000000000000)

• 转账
  转账前需要解锁帐号，就像输入银行卡号密码

  eth.sendTransaction({"from":"0x67128734480a0741595538d9d726f33addf83978", "to":"0x29a9a6bcf1ce7101ab93a029e2692298fc15e076", "gas":31000,"gasPrice":web3.toWei(300,'gwei'),"value":"1"})

  "0x54325698db1fbc85799b2f72070cddc457932abf0eef0d30d4fb2710ddafa941"

  eth.sendTransaction({"from":"0x67128734480a0741595538d9d726f33addf83978", "to":"0x29a9a6bcf1ce7101ab93a029e2692298fc15e076", "value":"10000000000000000000000"})
  "0x533d3c770aed09ede826c92e7460fd38d78a101752a7b3b25e4470d8594e77bb"

• 查看当前区块总数：

  eth.blockNumber
  69

• 通过区块号查看区块里打包的交易信息

  eth.getBlock(6)
  {
  difficulty: 2,
  extraData: "0xd783010803846765746887676f312e392e32856c696e75780000000000000000cff7302b0c5515614e52f1584ff3f6aceb10dfa6e2facb347bfe3c023878d3857fa48774a98c721bcc1fb2419a177d577a0926e9f51d037095ba53257f7f307701",
  gasLimit: 6246618,
  gasUsed: 21000,
  hash: "0x5e2506ce385e38bbe23765a24ec25f9742e4a3a5af7cd071088081535a6a0dd2",
  logsBloom: "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  miner: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  mixHash: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  nonce: "0x0000000000000000",
  number: 6,
  parentHash: "0x716da23fef7103042762025aabc83f7075fca516ab9dc6d436daa58b8350953b",
  receiptsRoot: "0x056b23fbba480696b65fe5a59b8f2148a1299103c4f57df839233af2cf4ca2d2",
  sha3Uncles: "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347",
  size: 713,
  stateRoot: "0x7c93a037c0750ddca8330d9c84912c622cd355c6978fc4267ffe2c8517a32469",
  timestamp: 1520398599,
  totalDifficulty: 13,
  transactions: ["0x54325698db1fbc85799b2f72070cddc457932abf0eef0d30d4fb2710ddafa941"],
  transactionsRoot: "0x712b5bba767dd0ecaeebbbeefdf097647a0f219f11f16e4a8a3d768b59ae442e",
  uncles: []
  }

• 通过交易hash查看交易

  eth.getTransaction("0x54325698db1fbc85799b2f72070cddc457932abf0eef0d30d4fb2710ddafa941")
  {
  blockHash: "0x5e2506ce385e38bbe23765a24ec25f9742e4a3a5af7cd071088081535a6a0dd2",
  blockNumber: 6,
  from: "0x67128734480a0741595538d9d726f33addf83978",
  gas: 31000,
  gasPrice: 300000000000,
  hash: "0x54325698db1fbc85799b2f72070cddc457932abf0eef0d30d4fb2710ddafa941",
  input: "0x",
  nonce: 5,
  r: "0xe14faca3d11a47ec4617927c84a04936dbaf783cc2187794e04299ce04352404",
  s: "0x6da16b4e07a4fc721273d3b09da1c8b29ad4ce8022a99eb3f8317247cf7f5386",
  to: "0x29a9a6bcf1ce7101ab93a029e2692298fc15e076",
  transactionIndex: 0,
  v: "0xa95",
  value: 1
  }

• 查看交易状态

  txpool.status
  {
  pending: 0,
  queued: 0
  }