MySQL多实例的安装方法是什么

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Step 1 . 准备工作

关闭防火墙; 安装 MySQL依赖于libaio 库；下载，解压，重命名 MySQL的执行文件；新建用户组和用户 等准备工作在此不再赘述。

可执行文件目录为 /data/mysql57

添加用户和组的指令

groupadd mysql
useradd mysql -g mysql

Step 2 .  添加环境变量

在/etc/profile文件中，追加 PATH=${PATH}:/data/mysql57/bin/

保存后，如需要立即生效，可执行 source /etc/profile 。

step 3 . 创建目录并授权

在data根目录下执行

mkdir -p mysql3306/data mysql3306/mysql_log mysql3306/tmp mysql3307/data  mysql3307/mysql_log  mysql3307/tmp mysqld_multi/log

创建记录log的文件，此步骤不可少。

touch /data/mysql3306/mysql_log/mysql3306.errtouch /data/mysql3307/mysql_log/mysql3307.err

赋予目录和文件权限

chown -R mysql.mysql mysql3* mysqld_multi

在本测试案例中，mysql57是从其它服务上copy来的，不是直接下载解压的，所以多了下面的两步授权操作。

chmod -R 755 /data/mysql57/bin

chmod -R 755 /data/mysql57/support-files

step 4 . 编辑my.cnf

[client]
host=localhost
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock 
default-character-set=utf8mb4
#loose-local-infile=0

[mysqld]
user=mysql
log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
secure_file_priv='/tmp'

########server setting#######
sql_mode = "ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation_server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
lower_case_table_names = 0
skip_name_resolve = 1
#max_connect_errors = 1000
max_connections = 2000
thread_cache_size=256
#thread_stack= 262144
#back_log=80
max_allowed_packet = 134217728
event_scheduler = 1 
local-infile=0
#lower_case_table_names = 1
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1
expire_logs_days = 7
log_bin_trust_function_creators =1

####.frm/.ibd files qty related
open_files_limit=65535
innodb_open_files=65535
table_open_cache=65535
table_definition_cache=65535

#### seesion buffer related
read_buffer_size = 262144
read_rnd_buffer_size = 524288
sort_buffer_size = 8388608
join_buffer_size = 8388608

####memory table size 
tmp_table_size =67108864
max_heap_table_size=67108864

####timeout
interactive_timeout = 1800
wait_timeout = 1800
# connect_timeout=10

########slow query ########
slow_query_log = 1
log_slow_slave_statements = 1
#log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1
log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 10
long_query_time = 1
#min_examined_row_limit = 10000

########innodb settings########
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 10737418240
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 16 
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct = 40
innodb_lru_scan_depth = 2048
innodb_page_cleaners = 16
#innodb_purge_threads = 4
innodb_sort_buffer_size = 67108864
#innodb_file_per_table = 1
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1

innodb_undo_log_truncate = 1
innodb_undo_tablespaces = 3 
innodb_max_undo_log_size = 2147483648
innodb_purge_rseg_truncate_frequency = 128

innodb_log_file_size = 1073741824
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16777216
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_flush_neighbors = 0
innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1

innodb_strict_mode = 1
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50

innodb_io_capacity = 32768
innodb_io_capacity_max = 65536
innodb_thread_concurrency = 32
innodb_write_io_threads = 8
innodb_read_io_threads = 8

########replication settings########
master_info_repository = TABLE
relay_log_info_repository = TABLE

gtid_mode = on
enforce_gtid_consistency = 1
binlog_gtid_simple_recovery=1
relay_log_recovery = 1

slave-parallel-type = LOGICAL_CLOCK
slave-parallel-workers = 16
slave_transaction_retries=128
slave_preserve_commit_order=1

log_slave_updates=1
binlog_format = ROW
log_timestamps=system

binlog_rows_query_log_events = 1
binlog_row_image='full' 
slave_skip_errors = ddl_exist_errors

########semi sync replication settings########
##plugin_dir=/data/mysql/plugin/
#plugin_load = "rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so;rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so"
#rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1
#rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout = 5000
#rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1

[mysqld_multi]
mysqld = /data/mysql57/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin = /data/mysql57/bin/mysqladmin
log = /data/mysqld_multi/log/mysqld_multi.log

[mysqld3306]  
basedir = /data/mysql57
mysqladmin=mysqladmin
datadir=/data/mysql3306/data
port=3306  
server_id=102473306
socket= /tmp/mysql_3306.sock
tmpdir = /data/mysql3306/tmp
pid-file = /data/mysql3306/mysql_log/mysql3306.pid
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql3306/mysql_log/mysql3306_slow_new.log  
log-error = /data/mysql3306/mysql_log/mysql3306.err
general_log_file= /data/mysql3306/mysql_log/mysql3306.genlog
log-bin = /data/mysql3306/mysql_log/mysql3306_bin
relay_log = /data/mysql3306/mysql_log/relay3306.log

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 90G
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8

[mysqld3307]
basedir = /data/mysql57
mysqladmin=mysqladmin
datadir=/data/mysql3307/data
port=3307
server_id=102473307
socket= /tmp/mysql_3307.sock
tmpdir = /data/mysql3307/tmp
pid-file = /data/mysql3307/mysql_log/mysql3307.pid
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql3307/mysql_log/mysql3307_slow_new.log
log-error = /data/mysql3307/mysql_log/mysql3307.err
general_log_file= /data/mysql3307/mysql_log/mysql3307.genlog
log-bin = /data/mysql3307/mysql_log/mysql3307_bin
relay_log = /data/mysql3307/mysql_log/relay3307.log

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 90G
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8

[mysqldump]
quick

step 5 . 初始化实例

初始化3306端口的实例，注意产生的临时密码。

/data/mysql57/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/data/mysql57  --datadir=/data/mysql3306/data

初始化3307端口的实例，注意产生的临时密码。

/data/mysql57/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/data/mysql57  --datadir=/data/mysql3307/data

step 6 . 复制生成mysqld_multi并添加到开机启动

cp /data/mysql57/support-files/mysqld_multi.server /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi

chkconfig  --add mysqld_multi

step 7 . 多实例Mysqld的开启

开启全部实例

mysqld_multi start

查看开启情况（查看全部实例状态）

mysqld_multi report

开启指定实例

开启/etc/my.cnf中[mysqld3306]其中mysqld后面的数字为标签，例如3306标签

mysqld_multi start 3306

同样开启3307标签实例

mysqld_multi start 3307

（注意：此处没有说通过 mysqld_multi stop 命令进行关闭实例，为什么不说，因为命令无效。Step 9 的操作会让它变成有效）

step 8 . 第一次登入实例，修改root账号密码

多实例登入需指定 socket 参数

本测试3306实例登入的方式为：

mysql  -S /tmp/mysql_3306.sock -uroot --port 3306 -p

step 9 . 赋予通过mysqld_multi stop关闭实例的权限。

关闭实例需要配置root用户及密码， 修改 /etc/my.cnf文件。

在 [client] 位置添加

user=root
password=密码

因为文件中需要保留账号密码，有安全风险。实际环境中要不要如此设置，还需根据具体情况和安全要求而定。

经过以上步骤的操作，此服务器成功安装了2个MySQL实例，一个Port为3306，另一个Port为3307

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