mysql重建表如何实现分区并保留数据

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mysql重建表分区并保留数据的方法：

1.创建与原始表一样结构的新表，新分区。
2.将原始表中数据复制到新表。
3.删除原始表。
4.将新表名称改为原始表名称。

实例：

日志表原始结构如下，按id分区。

CREATE DATABASE `test`;use `test`;CREATE TABLE `log` ( `id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `content` text NOT NULL COMMENT '内容', `status` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '记录状态', `addtime` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '添加时间', `lastmodify` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '最后修改时间', PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
/*!50100 PARTITION BY RANGE (id)
(PARTITION p10w VALUES LESS THAN (100000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p20w VALUES LESS THAN (200000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p50w VALUES LESS THAN (500000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p100w VALUES LESS THAN (1000000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION pmax VALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE ENGINE = InnoDB) */;insert into `log`(content,status,addtime,lastmodify) 
values('content1',1, unix_timestamp('2018-01-11 00:00:00'), unix_timestamp('2018-01-11 00:00:00')),
('content2',1, unix_timestamp('2018-02-22 00:00:00'), unix_timestamp('2018-02-22 00:00:00')),
('content3',1, unix_timestamp('2018-03-31 00:00:00'), unix_timestamp('2018-03-31 00:00:00'));

查看数据分区分布

SELECT PARTITION_NAME,TABLE_ROWS FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PARTITIONS WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA='test' AND TABLE_NAME = 'log';+----------------+------------+| PARTITION_NAME | TABLE_ROWS |
+----------------+------------+| p10w           |          3 |
| p20w           |          0 |
| p50w           |          0 |
| p100w          |          0 || pmax           |          0 |
+----------------+------------+

日志数据需要按时间进行搜寻，因此需要按日志时间重建分区。

1.创建log2，按时间分区（每月1个分区）

CREATE TABLE `log2` ( `id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `content` text NOT NULL COMMENT '内容', `status` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '记录状态', `addtime` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '添加时间', `lastmodify` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '最后修改时间', PRIMARY KEY (`id`,`addtime`), KEY `id`(`id`), KEY `addtime`(`addtime`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
/*!50100 PARTITION BY RANGE (addtime)
(PARTITION p201801 VALUES LESS THAN (unix_timestamp('2018-02-01 00:00:00')) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p201802 VALUES LESS THAN (unix_timestamp('2018-03-01 00:00:00')) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p201803 VALUES LESS THAN (unix_timestamp('2018-04-01 00:00:00')) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p201804 VALUES LESS THAN (unix_timestamp('2018-05-01 00:00:00')) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION pmax VALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE ENGINE = InnoDB) */;

2.将log的数据复制到log2

insert into `log2` select * from `log`;

3.删除log表

drop table `log`;

4.将log2表改名为log

rename table `log2` to `log`;

执行后查看数据分区分布

SELECT PARTITION_NAME,TABLE_ROWS FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PARTITIONS WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA='test' AND TABLE_NAME = 'log';+----------------+------------+| PARTITION_NAME | TABLE_ROWS |
+----------------+------------+| p201801        |          1 |
| p201802        |          1 |
| p201803        |          1 |
| p201804        |          0 || pmax           |          0 |
+----------------+------------+

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