java如何使用xpath解析xml

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XPath即为XML路径语言（XML Path Language），它是一种用来确定XML文档中某部分位置的语言。XPath基于XML的树状结构，提供在数据结构树中找寻节点的能力。起初 XPath 的提出的初衷是将其作为一个通用的、介于XPointer与XSL间的语法模型。但是 XPath 很快的被开发者采用来当作小型查询语言
XPathTest.java

package com.hongyuan.test;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.xpath.XPath;
import javax.xml.xpath.XPathConstants;
import javax.xml.xpath.XPathExpressionException;
import javax.xml.xpath.XPathFactory;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
public class XPathTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) throws ParserConfigurationException,
   SAXException, IOException, XPathExpressionException {
  // 解析文件，生成document对象
  DocumentBuilder builder = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance()
    .newDocumentBuilder();
  Document document = builder.parse(new File("bookstore.xml"));
  // 生成XPath对象
  XPath xpath = XPathFactory.newInstance().newXPath();
  // 获取节点值
  String webTitle = (String) xpath.evaluate(
    "/bookstore/book[@category='WEB']/title/text()", document,
    XPathConstants.STRING);
  System.out.println(webTitle);
  System.out.println("===========================================================");
  // 获取节点属性值
  String webTitleLang = (String) xpath.evaluate(
    "/bookstore/book[@category='WEB']/title/@lang", document,
    XPathConstants.STRING);
  System.out.println(webTitleLang);
  System.out.println("===========================================================");
  // 获取节点对象
  Node bookWeb = (Node) xpath.evaluate(
    "/bookstore/book[@category='WEB']", document,
    XPathConstants.NODE);
  System.out.println(bookWeb.getNodeName());
  System.out.println("===========================================================");
  // 获取节点集合
  NodeList books = (NodeList) xpath.evaluate("/bookstore/book", document,
    XPathConstants.NODESET);
  for (int i = 0; i < books.getLength(); i++) {
   Node book = books.item(i);
   System.out.println(xpath.evaluate("@category", book,
     XPathConstants.STRING));
  }
  System.out.println("===========================================================");
 }
}

bookstore.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<bookstore>
 <book category="COOKING">
   <title>Everyday Italian</title> 
   <author>Giada De Laurentiis</author> 
   <year>2005</year> 
   <price>30.00</price> 
 </book>
 <book category="CHILDREN">
   <title>Harry Potter</title> 
   <author>J K. Rowling</author> 
   <year>2005</year> 
   <price>29.99</price> 
 </book>
 <book category="WEB">
   <title>Learning XML</title> 
   <author>Erik T. Ray</author> 
   <year>2003</year> 
   <price>39.95</price> 
 </book>
</bookstore>

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