简单的介绍一下,我使用MongoDB的场景。
我们现在的物联网环境下,有部分数据,采样频率为2000条记录/分钟,这样下来一天24*60*2000=2880000约等于300万条数据,以后必然还会增加。之前数据库使用的是mssql,对于数据库的压力很大,同时又需要保证历史查询的响应速度,这种情况下,在单表中数据量大,同时存在读写操作。不得已采用MongoDB来存储数据。如果使用MongoDB,则至少需要三台机器,两台实现读写分离,一台作为仲裁(当然条件不允许也可以不用),每台机器的内存暂时配置在16G,公司小,没办法,据说,使用这个MongoDB需要机器内存最少92G,我没有验证过,但是吃内存是公认的,所以内存绝对要保证,就算保证了,也不一定完全就没有意外发生。我们上面的这些特殊的数据是允许少量的丢失的,这些只是做分析使用的,几个月了,暂时还没出现数据丢失的情况,可能最新版本早就修复了吧,新手使用建议多看下官网上的说明。下面直接奔入主题:
一、安装部署和配置环境
1.安装部署mongo-server(V3.4)
参考 点击这里进入
这个时候不要启动,接着配置config文件
2.配置Config文件
dbpath=C:/Program Files/MongoDB/Server/3.4/bin/data/db logpath=C:/Program Files/MongoDB/Server/3.4/bin/data/log/master.log pidfilepath=C:/Program Files/MongoDB/Server/3.4/bin/master.pid directoryperdb=true logappend=true replSet=testrs bind_ip=10.1.5.25 port=27016 oplogSize=10000 noauth = true storageEngine = wiredTiger wiredTigerCacheSizeGB = 2 syncdelay = 30 wiredTigerCollectionBlockCompressor = snappy
以上是详细的配置参数,其中路径部分根据需要更改, 这里设置的oplogsize大小为10G,根据业务场景进行调整,另外auth权限为null,因为设置权限会增加服务开销,影响效率,最下面几行是内存引擎,可以控制副本集同步及内存限制,防止内存泄露。
3.启动mongo-server
4.添加副本集配置
conf= { "_id" : "testrs", "members" : [ { "_id" : 0, "host" : "10.1.5.25:27016" }, { "_id" : 1, "host" : "10.1.5.26:27016" }, { "_id" : 2, "host" : "10.1.5.27:27016" } ] } rs.initiate(conf)
此时副本集集群配置已经完成,然后在命令行中输入:rs.status(),查看副本集状态,需要查看同步情况,可以输入命令:db.serverStatus().
5.设置副本集可读写
Rs.slaveOk()
6..NET操作mongo
连接设置,请参考个人封装Unitoon.Mongo代码所示。
7.性能对比
读写速度:Redis>Mongo>Mssqlserver
可容纳数据量:Mssqlserver~Mongo>Redis
存储数据类型:Mongo>Mssqlserver>Redis
Note:内存持续上升,内部没有内存回收机制,若限制内存 ,则可能出现查询速度变慢,数据丢失等问题,建议优化查询效率,建立索引
Db.test.ensureIndex({"username":1, "age":-1})
强制释放内存命令:db.runCommand({closeAllDatabases:1})
二、仓储设计
1.基类BaseEntity
namespace UnitoonIot.Mongo { /// <summary> /// 实体基类,方便生成ObjId /// </summary> [Serializable] [ProtoContract(ImplicitFields = ImplicitFields.AllPublic)] //[ProtoInclude(10, typeof(NormalHistory))] public class BaseEntity { //[BsonRepresentation(BsonType.ObjectId)] public ObjectId Id { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 数据库名称 /// </summary> public string DbName { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 给对象初值 /// </summary> public BaseEntity() { // this.ObjId = ObjectId.GenerateNewId().ToString(); //this.Id = ObjectId.NewObjectId().ToString(); } } }
这里需要注意时间格式,MongoDB默认时间格式为国际时间,所以在写入数据时和读取数据时,时间格式要一致,此例中没有对时间进行特殊处理,由传入的时间格式确定。
2.Repository继承接口IMongoRepository
namespace UnitoonIot.Mongo { public interface IMongoRepository<TEntity> where TEntity : class { } }
3.MongoRepository
using MongoDB.Driver; using MongoDB.Bson; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using MongoDB.Bson.Serialization.Attributes; using MongoDB.Driver.Linq; using System.Configuration; using System.IO; using UnitoonIot.AppSetting; namespace UnitoonIot.Mongo { public class MongoDb { private static string ConnectionStringHost ; private static string UserName ; private static string Password; private static IMongoDatabase _db = null; private static readonly object LockHelper = new object(); /// <summary> /// mongodb初始化 /// </summary> public static void Init() { ConnectionStringHost = "10.1.5.24:27016,10.1.5.24:27016,10.1.5.26:27017"; //AppSettings.GetConfigValue("MongoHost");//"10.1.5.24:27016"; UserName = AppSettings.GetConfigValue("MongoUserName"); Password = AppSettings.GetConfigValue("MongoPwd"); } static MongoDb() { } public static IMongoDatabase GetDb(string dbName,string options=null) { if (_db != null) return _db; lock (LockHelper) { if (_db != null) return _db; var database = dbName; var userName = UserName; var password = Password; var authentication = string.Empty; var host = string.Empty; if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(userName)) { authentication = string.Concat(userName, ':', password, '@'); } if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(options) && !options.StartsWith("?")) { options = string.Concat('?', options); } host = string.IsNullOrEmpty(ConnectionStringHost) ? "localhost" : ConnectionStringHost; database = database ?? "testdb"; //mongodb://[username:password@]host1[:port1][,host2[:port2],…[,hostN[:portN]]][/[database][?options]] var conString = options!=null? $"mongodb://{authentication}{host}/{database}{options}" : $"mongodb://{authentication}{host}/{database}"; var url = new MongoUrl(conString); var mcs = MongoClientSettings.FromUrl(url); mcs.MaxConnectionLifeTime = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(1000); var client = new MongoClient(mcs); _db = client.GetDatabase(url.DatabaseName); } return _db; } } /// <summary> /// MongoDb 数据库操作类 /// </summary> public class MongoRepository<T>: IMongoRepository<T> where T : BaseEntity { #region readonly field /// <summary> /// 表名 /// </summary> private readonly IMongoCollection<T> _collection = null; /// <summary> /// 数据库对象 /// </summary> private readonly IMongoDatabase _database; #endregion /// <summary> /// 构造函数 /// </summary> public MongoRepository() { this._database = MongoDb.GetDb(Activator.CreateInstance<T>().DbName, "readPreference =secondaryPreferred ");//primaryPreferred/secondaryPreferred/nearest _collection = _database.GetCollection<T>(typeof(T).Name); } #region 增加 /// <summary> /// 插入对象 /// </summary> /// <param name="t">插入的对象</param> public virtual T Insert(T t) { // var flag = ObjectId.GenerateNewId(); // t.GetType().GetProperty("Id").SetValue(t, flag); //t.Time = DateTime.Now; _collection.InsertOne(t); return t; } /// <summary> /// 批量插入 /// </summary> /// <param name="ts">要插入的对象集合</param> public virtual IEnumerable<T> InsertBatch(IEnumerable<T> ts) { _collection.InsertMany(ts); return ts; } /// <summary> /// 插入对象 /// </summary> /// <param name="t">插入的对象</param> public virtual void InsertAsync(T t) { //var flag = ObjectId.GenerateNewId(); // t.GetType().GetProperty("Id").SetValue(t, flag); // t.Time = DateTime.Now; _collection.InsertOneAsync(t); } /// <summary> /// 批量插入 /// </summary> /// <param name="ts">要插入的对象集合</param> public virtual void InsertBatchAsync(IEnumerable<T> ts) { _collection.InsertManyAsync(ts); } #endregion #region 删除 /// <summary> /// 删除 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public virtual long Delete(T t) { var filter = Builders<T>.Filter.Eq("Id", t.Id); var result = _collection.DeleteOne(filter); return result.DeletedCount; } /// <summary> /// 删除 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public virtual void DeleteAsync(T t) { var filter = Builders<T>.Filter.Eq("Id", t.Id); _collection.DeleteOneAsync(filter); } /// <summary> /// 按条件表达式删除 /// </summary> /// <param name="predicate">条件表达式</param> /// <returns></returns> public virtual long Delete(Expression<Func<T, bool>> predicate) { var result = _collection.DeleteOne(predicate); return result.DeletedCount; } /// <summary> /// 按条件表达式删除 /// </summary> /// <param name="predicate">条件表达式</param> /// <returns></returns> public virtual void DeleteAsync(Expression<Func<T, bool>> predicate) { _collection.DeleteOneAsync(predicate); } /// <summary> /// 按条件表达式批量删除 /// </summary> /// <param name="predicate">条件表达式</param> /// <returns></returns> public virtual long DeleteBatch(Expression<Func<T, bool>> predicate) { var result = _collection.DeleteMany(predicate); return result.DeletedCount; } /// <summary> /// 按条件表达式批量删除 /// </summary> /// <param name="predicate">条件表达式</param> /// <returns></returns> public virtual void DeleteBatchAsync(Expression<Func<T, bool>> predicate) { _collection.DeleteManyAsync(predicate); } /// <summary> /// 按检索条件删除 /// 建议用Builders<T>构建复杂的查询条件 /// </summary> /// <param name="filter">条件</param> /// <returns></returns> public virtual long Delete(FilterDefinition<T> filter) { var result = _collection.DeleteOne(filter); return result.DeletedCount; } /// <summary> /// 按检索条件删除 /// 建议用Builders<T>构建复杂的查询条件 /// </summary> /// <param name="filter">条件</param> /// <returns></returns> public virtual void DeleteAsync(FilterDefinition<T> filter) { _collection.DeleteOneAsync(filter); } #endregion #region 修改 /// <summary> /// 修改(Id不变) /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public virtual long Update(T t) { var filterBuilder = Builders<T>.Filter; var filter = filterBuilder.Eq("Id",t.Id); var update = _collection.ReplaceOne(filter, t, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true }); return update.ModifiedCount; } /// <summary> /// 修改(Id不变) /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public virtual void UpdateAsync(T t) { var filterBuilder = Builders<T>.Filter; var filter = filterBuilder.Eq("Id", t.Id); _collection.ReplaceOneAsync(filter, t, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true }); } /// <summary> /// 用新对象替换新文档 /// </summary> /// <param name="filter">查询条件</param> /// <param name="t">对象</param> /// <returns>修改影响文档数</returns> public virtual long Update(Expression<Func<T, bool>> filter, T t) { var update = _collection.ReplaceOne(filter, t, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true }); return update.ModifiedCount; } /// <summary> /// 用新对象替换新文档 /// </summary> /// <param name="filter">查询条件</param> /// <param name="t">对象</param> /// <returns>修改影响文档数</returns> public virtual long Update(FilterDefinition<T> filter, T t) { var update = _collection.ReplaceOne(filter, t, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true }); return update.ModifiedCount; } /// <summary> /// 用新对象替换新文档 /// </summary> /// <param name="filter">查询条件</param> /// <param name="t">对象</param> /// <returns>修改影响文档数</returns> public virtual void UpdateAsync(Expression<Func<T, bool>> filter, T t) { _collection.ReplaceOneAsync(filter, t, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true }); } /// <summary> /// 用新对象替换新文档 /// </summary> /// <param name="filter">查询条件</param> /// <param name="t">对象</param> /// <returns>修改影响文档数</returns> public virtual void UpdateAsync(FilterDefinition<T> filter, T t) { _collection.ReplaceOneAsync(filter, t, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true }); } /// <summary> /// 根据Id和条件文档 /// </summary> /// <param name="update">修改条件-形如:Builders/<T/>.Update.Set(filed, value)</param> /// <param name="id">对象Id</param> /// <returns>修改影响文档数</returns> public virtual long Update(string id, UpdateDefinition<T> update) { var filterBuilder = Builders<T>.Filter; var filter = filterBuilder.Eq("Id", new ObjectId(id)); var result = _collection.UpdateOne(filter, update, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true }); return result.ModifiedCount; } /// <summary> /// 根据Id和条件文档 /// </summary> /// <param name="update">修改条件-形如:Builders/<T/>.Update.Set(filed, value)</param> /// <param name="id">对象Id</param> /// <returns>修改影响文档数</returns> public virtual void UpdateAsync(string id, UpdateDefinition<T> update) { var filterBuilder = Builders<T>.Filter; var filter = filterBuilder.Eq("Id", new ObjectId(id)); _collection.UpdateOneAsync(filter, update, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true }); } /// <summary> /// 根据条件修改文档 /// </summary> /// <param name="update">修改条件-形如:Builders/<T/>.Update.Set(filed, value)</param> /// <param name="filter">查询条件Builders/<T/>.Filter.Eq(filed, value)</param> /// <returns>修改影响文档数</returns> public virtual void Update(UpdateDefinition<T> update,Expression<Func<T, bool>> filter) { _collection.UpdateOne(filter, update, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true }); } /// <summary> /// 根据条件修改文档 /// </summary> /// <param name="update">修改条件-形如:Builders/<T/>.Update.Set(filed, value)</param> /// <param name="filter">查询条件Builders/<T/>.Filter.Eq(filed, value)</param> /// <returns>修改影响文档数</returns> public virtual long Update(UpdateDefinition<T> update, FilterDefinition<T> filter) { var result = _collection.UpdateOne(filter, update, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true }); return result.ModifiedCount; } /// <summary> /// 根据条件修改文档 /// </summary> /// <param name="update">修改条件-形如:Builders/<T/>.Update.Set(filed, value)</param> /// <param name="filter">查询条件Builders/<T/>.Filter.Eq(filed, value)</param> /// <returns>修改影响文档数</returns> public virtual void UpdateAsync(UpdateDefinition<T> update, Expression<Func<T, bool>> filter) { _collection.UpdateOneAsync(filter, update, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true }); } /// <summary> /// 根据条件修改文档 /// </summary> /// <param name="update">修改条件-形如:Builders/<T/>.Update.Set(filed, value)</param> /// <param name="filter">查询条件Builders/<T/>.Filter.Eq(filed, value)</param> /// <returns>修改影响文档数</returns> public virtual void UpdateAsync(UpdateDefinition<T> update, FilterDefinition<T> filter) { _collection.UpdateOneAsync(filter, update, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true }); } /// <summary> /// 根据条件批量修改文档 /// </summary> /// <param name="update">修改条件-形如:Builders/<T/>.Update.Set(filed, value)</param> /// <param name="filter">查询条件Builders/<T/>.Filter.Eq(filed, value)</param> /// <returns>修改影响文档数</returns> public virtual long UpdateBatch(UpdateDefinition<T> update, Expression<Func<T, bool>> filter) { var result = _collection.UpdateMany(filter, update, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true }); return result.ModifiedCount; } /// <summary> /// 根据条件批量修改文档 /// </summary> /// <param name="update">修改条件-形如:Builders/<T/>.Update.Set(filed, value)</param> /// <param name="filter">查询条件Builders/<T/>.Filter.Eq(filed, value)</param> /// <returns>修改影响文档数</returns> public virtual long UpdateBatch(UpdateDefinition<T> update, FilterDefinition<T> filter) { var result = _collection.UpdateMany(filter, update, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true }); return result.ModifiedCount; } /// <summary> /// 根据条件批量修改文档 /// </summary> /// <param name="update">修改条件-形如:Builders/<T/>.Update.Set(filed, value)</param> /// <param name="filter">查询条件Builders/<T/>.Filter.Eq(filed, value)</param> /// <returns>修改影响文档数</returns> public virtual void UpdateBatchAsync(UpdateDefinition<T> update, Expression<Func<T, bool>> filter) { _collection.UpdateManyAsync(filter, update, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true }); } /// <summary> /// 根据条件批量修改文档 /// </summary> /// <param name="update">修改条件-形如:Builders/<T/>.Update.Set(filed, value)</param> /// <param name="filter">查询条件Builders/<T/>.Filter.Eq(filed, value)</param> /// <returns>修改影响文档数</returns> public virtual void UpdateBatchAsync(UpdateDefinition<T> update, FilterDefinition<T> filter) { _collection.UpdateManyAsync(filter, update, new UpdateOptions() { IsUpsert = true }); } #endregion #region 查询 #region GetCollection /// <summary> /// 获取操作对象的IMongoCollection集合,强类型对象集合 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public virtual IMongoCollection<T> GetCollection() { return _database.GetCollection<T>(typeof(T).Name); } #endregion #region GetSingle /// <summary> /// 查询数据库,检查是否存在指定ID的对象 /// </summary> /// <param name="id">对象的ID值</param> /// <returns>存在则返回指定的对象,否则返回Null</returns> public virtual T GetById(string id) { var filterBuilder = Builders<T>.Filter; var filter = filterBuilder.Eq("Id", new ObjectId(id)); var data = _collection.Find(filter).FirstOrDefault(); return data; } /// <summary> /// 查询数据库,检查是否存在指定ID的对象 /// </summary> /// <param name="id">对象的ID值</param> /// <returns>存在则返回指定的对象,否则返回Null</returns> public virtual async Task<T> GetAsyncById(string id) { var filterBuilder = Builders<T>.Filter; var filter = filterBuilder.Eq("Id", new ObjectId(id)); var data = await _collection.FindAsync(filter); return await data.SingleOrDefaultAsync(); } /// <summary> /// 查询数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="filter">过滤条件</param> /// <returns></returns> public virtual T Get(FilterDefinition<T> filter) { return _collection.Find(filter).FirstOrDefault(); } /// <summary> /// 查询数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="filter">条件表达式</param> /// <returns></returns> public virtual T Get(Expression<Func<T,bool>> filter) { return _collection.Find(filter).FirstOrDefault(); } /// <summary> /// 查询数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="filter">过滤条件</param> /// <returns></returns> public virtual async Task<T> GetAsync(FilterDefinition<T> filter) { var data = await _collection.FindAsync(filter); return await data.SingleOrDefaultAsync(); } /// <summary> /// 查询数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="filter">条件表达式</param> /// <returns></returns> public virtual async Task<T> GetAsync(Expression<Func<T, bool>> filter) { var data = await _collection.FindAsync(filter); return await data.SingleOrDefaultAsync(); } #endregion #region GetMany /// <summary> /// 查询部分数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="filter">过滤条件</param> /// <returns></returns> public virtual IEnumerable<T> GetMany(FilterDefinition<T> filter) { return _collection.Find(filter).ToEnumerable(); } /// <summary> /// 查询部分数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="filter">条件表达式</param> /// <returns></returns> public virtual IEnumerable<T> GetMany(Expression<Func<T,bool>> filter) { //return _collection.AsQueryable().Where(filter).ToList(); //return _collection.AsQueryable().Where(filter); return _collection.Find(filter).ToEnumerable(); //.ToEnumerable(); } /// <summary> /// 查询部分数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="filter">过滤条件</param> /// <returns></returns> public virtual async Task<IEnumerable<T>> GetManyAsync(FilterDefinition<T> filter) { var data = await _collection.FindAsync(filter); return await data.ToListAsync(); } /// <summary> /// 查询部分数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="filter">过滤条件</param> /// <returns></returns> public virtual async Task<IEnumerable<T>> GetManyAsync(Expression<Func<T, bool>> filter) { var data = await _collection.FindAsync(filter); return await data.ToListAsync(); } #endregion #region GetAll /// <summary> /// 查询所有记录,复杂查询直接用Linq处理(避免全表扫描) /// </summary> /// <returns>要查询的对象</returns> public virtual IEnumerable<T> GetAll() { var data = _collection.AsQueryable(); return data.ToEnumerable(); } /// <summary> /// 查询所有记录,复杂查询直接用Linq处理(避免全表扫描) /// </summary> /// <returns>要查询的对象</returns> public virtual async Task<IEnumerable<T>> GetAllAsync() { var data = _collection.AsQueryable(); return await data.ToListAsync(); } /// <summary> /// 查询所有记录,复杂查询直接用Linq处理(避免全表扫描) /// </summary> /// <returns>要查询的对象</returns> public virtual IQueryable<T> GetAllQueryable() { return _collection.AsQueryable(); } #endregion #region MapReduce /// <summary> /// MapReduce /// </summary> /// <returns>返回一个List列表数据</returns> public IEnumerable<T> GetMap(BsonJavaScript map,BsonJavaScript reduce) { return _collection.MapReduce<T>(map,reduce).ToList(); } #endregion #endregion } }
好了,就介绍到这里。
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