这篇文章主要讲解了MySQL如何配置多实例，内容清晰明了，对此有兴趣的小伙伴可以学习一下，相信大家阅读完之后会有帮助。
前面介绍了相关的基础命令操作：MySQL数据库基础篇之入门基础命令
所有的操作都是基于单实例的，mysql多实例在实际生产环境也是非常实用的，因为必须要掌握。
多实例就是一台服务器上开启多个不同的服务端口（默认3306），运行多个mysql的服务进程，这此服务进程通过不同的socket监听不同的服务端口来提供各在的服务，所有实例之间共同使用一套MYSQL的安装程序，但各自使用不同的配置文件、启动程序、数据文件，在逻辑上是相对独立的。
多实例主要作用是：充分利用现有的服务器硬件资源，为不同的服务提供数据服务，但是如果某个实例并发比较高的，同样是会影响到其它实例的性能
安装前需要先安装mysql，但是只需将安装过程进行到make install即可（编译安装），如果使用免安装程序，只需解压软件包即可，今天的环境是通过免安装包来安装mysql主程序（其它的安装可以参考前面的安装过程自行测试）
系统环境
[root@centos6 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.5 (Final) [root@centos6 ~]# uname -r 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64
安装程序
mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
首先将软件下载到本地
wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
创建安装用户
[root@centos6 ~]#groupadd mysql [root@centos6 ~]#useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql -M [root@centos6 ~]#tail -1 /etc/passwd mysql:x:500:500::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin
创建多实例的数据目录
[root@centos6 tools]# mkdir -p /data/{3306,3307}
[root@centos6 tools]# tree /data/
/data/
+-- 3306
+-- 3307
2 directories, 0 files接下来进行安装mysql的多实例操作
解压软件
[root@centos6 tools]# ll mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 185855000 Aug 26 21:38 mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz [root@centos6 tools]# tar zxf mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
拷贝配置文件
[root@centos6 mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64]# cp support-files/my-small.cnf /data/3306/my.cnf [root@centos6 mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64]# cp support-files/mysql.server /data/3306/mysql [root@centos6 mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64]# cp support-files/my-small.cnf /data/3307/my.cnf [root@centos6 mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64]# cp support-files/mysql.server /data/3307/mysql
为一规范安装路径，将免安装包拷贝到应用程序目录下
[root@centos6 tools]# mv mysql-5.5.52-linux2.6-x86_64 /application/mysql [root@centos6 tools]# ll /application/mysql total 72 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Dec 9 17:15 bin -rw-r--r--. 1 7161 31415 17987 Aug 26 19:24 COPYING drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Dec 9 17:15 data drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Dec 9 17:15 docs drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Dec 9 17:15 include -rw-r--r--. 1 7161 31415 301 Aug 26 19:24 INSTALL-BINARY drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Dec 9 17:15 lib drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Dec 9 17:15 man drwxr-xr-x. 10 root root 4096 Dec 9 17:15 mysql-test -rw-r--r--. 1 7161 31415 2496 Aug 26 19:24 README drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Dec 9 17:15 scripts drwxr-xr-x. 27 root root 4096 Dec 9 17:15 share drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Dec 9 17:15 sql-bench drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Dec 9 17:15 support-files
修改配置文件与启动文件
因为是多实例，其中参数需要修改，修改后的配置文件如下：配置文件my.cnf
[client] port = 3307 socket = /data/3307/mysql.sock [mysql] no-auto-rehash [mysqld] user = mysql port = 3307 socket = /data/3307/mysql.sock basedir = /application/mysql datadir = /data/3307/data #log_long_format #log-error = /data/3307/error.log #log-slow-queries = /data/3307/slow.log pid-file = /data/3307/mysql.pid server-id = 3 [mysqld_safe] log-error=/data/3307/mysql3307.err pid-file=/data/3307/mysqld.pid
启动程序文件mysql
[root@backup 3307]# cat mysql
#!/bin/sh
init port=3307
mysql_user="root"
mysql_pwd="migongge"
CmdPath="/application/mysql/bin"
mysql_sock="/data/${port}/mysql.sock"
#startup
function_start_mysql() {
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
/bin/sh ${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
else
printf "MySQL is running...\n"
exit
fi
}
#stop function
function_stop_mysql() {
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"
exit
else
printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
${CmdPath}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdown
fi
}
#restart function
function_restart_mysql() {
printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
function_stop_mysql
sleep 2
function_start_mysql
}
case $1 in
start)
function_start_mysql
;;
stop)
function_stop_mysql
;;
restart)
function_restart_mysql
;;
*)
printf "Usage: /data/${port}/mysql {start|stop|restart}\n"
esac其它的配置可参考配置文件进行修改即可
多实例初始化操作
[root@centos6 3306]# /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3306/data --user=mysql Installing MySQL system tables... 161209 18:02:17 [Warning] 'THREAD_CONCURRENCY' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. 161209 18:02:17 [Note] /application/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.52-log) starting as process 3336 ... OK Filling help tables... 161209 18:02:17 [Warning] 'THREAD_CONCURRENCY' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. 161209 18:02:17 [Note] /application/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.52-log) starting as process 3343 ... OK To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER ! To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands: /application/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password' /application/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h centos6 password 'new-password' Alternatively you can run: /application/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation which will also give you the option of removing the test databases and anonymous user created by default. This is strongly recommended for production servers. See the manual for more instructions. You can start the MySQL daemon with: cd /application/mysql ; /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe & You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl cd /application/mysql/mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl Please report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/
初始化成功后，会在数据目录下产生一个数据目录data和一些文件
[root@centos6 3306]# ll /data/3306/data/ total 1136 drwx------. 2 mysql root 4096 Dec 9 18:02 mysql -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 27693 Dec 9 18:02 mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 1114546 Dec 9 18:02 mysql-bin.000002 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 38 Dec 9 18:02 mysql-bin.index drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Dec 9 18:02 performance_schema drwx------. 2 mysql root 4096 Dec 9 18:02 test
另一个实例的初始化请参考上述操作进行，操作过程不再一一介绍
[root@centos6 3307]# ll /data/3307/data/ total 1136 drwx------. 2 mysql root 4096 Dec 9 18:40 mysql -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 27693 Dec 9 18:40 mysql-bin.000001 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 1114546 Dec 9 18:40 mysql-bin.000002 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 38 Dec 9 18:40 mysql-bin.index drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Dec 9 18:40 performance_schema drwx------. 2 mysql root 4096 Dec 9 18:40 test
启动服务
[root@backup 3307]# /data/3306/mysql start Starting MySQL... [root@backup 3307]# lsof -i :3306 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME mysqld 19986 mysql 10u IPv4 90967 0t0 TCP *:mysql (LISTEN) [root@backup 3307]# /data/3307/mysql start Starting MySQL... [root@backup 3307]# lsof -i :3307 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME mysqld 21648 mysql 11u IPv4 92899 0t0 TCP *:opsession-prxy (LISTEN)
检查端口
[root@backup 3307]# netstat -lntup|grep mysql tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3307 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 21648/mysqld tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 19986/mysqld
登陆多实例数据库
[root@backup ~]# mysql -S /data/3306/mysql.sock Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.5.51-log Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> create database data3306; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | data3306 | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> quit Bye [root@backup ~]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.5.51 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.05 sec)
成功登陆，并在3306实例中创建数据库，但是3307实例上查看并没有创建过的数据，说明两个实例是独立的
注：如果再需要新增一个实例，基本的配置步骤同上述一样，只需要相应修改配置文件与启动程序文件中的端口号与数据目录的路径即可，最后可以将多实例数据库启动命令加入开机自启动。
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