本文将会分析一个文件合并的程序,并指出在合并文件过程中需要注意的问题。
下面是需要合并的文件示例:
分析思路:
要将两个文件合并,首先要将文件读到内存中,成为列表。再将列表分割,按照类别将数据分开存储,即姓名、电话、邮箱。通过遍历列表1,依次与列表2比较,如果二者有重合的人,那么直接利用 .join([ ])姓名电话邮箱合并到一行,保存到另外一个列表变量里面。二者不重合的人,说明只有列表1中才有,故将此人的邮箱信息用str(‘—–')代替。
经过这次遍历之后,列表1中所有的人和列表2中与列表1中重复的人,都重新整合到了新的列表变量里面。接下来还需要把列表2中特有的人,添加到新的列表变量中。方法是遍历列表2,把与列表1不重合的人取出来保存。
最后要将新的列表变量中的数据写入到新的文件中,并关闭所有文件。
流程图如下:
代码如下:
""" Created on Fri Aug 4 12:59:36 2017 @author: 13323 """ # This program can combine two or more files into one file. def main(): #firstly open the files data1 = open("test_3.txt","rb") data2 = open("test_4.txt","rb") # read the data in file into list data1.readline() #only read one line, skip the first line data2.readline() #only read one line, skip the first line file1 = data1.readlines() #read all variable into list file1 file2 = data2.readlines() #read all variable into list file2 #print(file1) #define particular list to store variable file1_name = [] file1_tel = [] file2_name = [] file2_email = [] #file3 = [] #split file1 into two part for line in file1: element = line.split() #line.split(); devide by ' ' file1_name.append(str(element[0].decode('gbk'))) file1_tel.append(str(element[1].decode('gbk'))) #split file2 into two part for line in file2: element = line.split() file2_name.append(str(element[0].decode('gbk'))) file2_email.append(str(element[1].decode('gbk'))) # pick up the name in the file1 same as the name in the file2 and combine file3 = [] for i in range(len(file1_name)): s = '' if file1_name[i] in file2_name: j = file2_name.index(file1_name[i]) s = '\t'.join([file1_name[i],file1_tel[i],file2_email[j]]) s += '\n' else: s = '\t'.join([file1_name[i],file1_tel[i],str("----")]) s += '\n' file3.append(s) #pick up the name in the file1 doesn't same as the name in the file2 for i in range(len(file2_name)): s = '' if file2_name[i] not in file1_name: s = '\t'.join([file2_name[i],str('----'),file2_email[i]]) s += '\n' file3.append(s) #write the data into file3 data3 = open("test_5.txt","w") data3.writelines(file3) #close the file data1.close() data2.close() data3.close() main()
关键点:
编码与解码
列表合并与拆解
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