本篇文章为大家展示了怎么在java中利用多线程有序输出ABC,内容简明扼要并且容易理解,绝对能使你眼前一亮,通过这篇文章的详细介绍希望你能有所收获。
方式1:利用synchronized
这种方式也就是使用java内置的monitor机制,配合wait和notifyAll,代码如下:
(1)利用volatile做线程间资源的同步访问,同时作为线程调度的标志;
(2)利用notifyAll来唤醒其他等待当前的monitor资源的线程;
public class ThreadOrderWithSync { private volatile int flag = 'A'; private final static Object LOCK = new Object(); Runnable a = () -> { while (true) { synchronized (LOCK) { if (flag == 'A' ) { System.out.println("A"); flag = 'B'; // let other thread race to get the monitor LOCK.notifyAll(); } else { try { LOCK.wait(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } }; Runnable b = () -> { while (true) { synchronized (LOCK) { if (flag == 'B' ) { System.out.println("B"); flag = 'C'; // let other thread race to get the monitor LOCK.notifyAll(); } else { try { LOCK.wait(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } }; Runnable c = () -> { while (true) { synchronized (LOCK) { if (flag == 'C' ) { System.out.println("C"); flag = 'A'; // let other thread race to get the monitor LOCK.notifyAll(); } else { try { LOCK.wait(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } }; public void runTest() { Thread ta = new Thread(a); Thread tb = new Thread(b); Thread tc = new Thread(c); ta.start(); tb.start(); tc.start(); } public static void main(String[] args) { ThreadOrderWithSync sync = new ThreadOrderWithSync(); sync.runTest(); } }
方式2:利用并发包ReentrantLock和Condition的锁机制
上面方式1的synchronized机制,因为当前的所有线程都争用同一个monitor资源,因此只能通过notifyAll来通知其他线程来加锁,因此每次都会出现race condition,但是,通过ReentrantLock的Condition,我们可以精确控制,下一个该唤醒signal的线程是哪一个(因为我们知道执行的顺序是A->B->C的循环),相比synchronized的机制,Condition机制可以更精细化线程的调度设计,代码示例如下:
/** * @author xijin.zeng created on 2018/8/31 * Thrads runing order: A->B->C */ public class ThreadOrderWithCondition { private static final ReentrantLock LOCK = new ReentrantLock(); private static final Condition C_A = LOCK.newCondition(); private static final Condition C_B = LOCK.newCondition(); private static final Condition C_C = LOCK.newCondition(); /** * init for A to run first */ private volatile int flag = 'A'; Runnable a = () -> { while (true) { LOCK.lock(); if (flag == 'A') { System.out.println("A"); flag = 'B'; // signal B to run C_B.signal(); } else { try { // block and wait signal to invoke C_A.await(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } LOCK.unlock(); } }; Runnable b = () -> { while (true) { LOCK.lock(); if (flag == 'B') { System.out.println("B"); flag = 'C'; // signal C to run C_C.signal(); } else { try { // block and wait signal to invoke C_B.await(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } LOCK.unlock(); } }; Runnable c = () -> { while (true) { LOCK.lock(); if (flag == 'C') { System.out.println("C"); flag = 'A'; // signal A to run C_A.signal(); } else { try { // block and wait signal to invoke C_C.await(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } LOCK.unlock(); } }; public void runTest() { Thread threadA = new Thread(a); Thread threadB = new Thread(b); Thread threadC = new Thread(c); threadA.start(); threadB.start(); threadC.start(); } public static void main(String[] args) { ThreadOrderWithCondition o = new ThreadOrderWithCondition(); o.runTest(); } }
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