如何在Spring Boot中自定义starter

发布时间：2021-04-09 15:49:44 阅读：195 作者：Leah 栏目：编程语言

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创建一个用maven构建的springboot项目

如何在Spring Boot中自定义starter

pom文件配置如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.xjw.springboot</groupId>
  <artifactId>hellostarter</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <name>hello-spring-boot-starter</name>
  <description>测试自定义starter</description>

  <parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
    <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
  </parent>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
      <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>


</project>

定义一个pojo用来接收properties中配置的信息

package com.xjw;                                                     
                                                             
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;                        
                                                             
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "hello")                                        
public class HelloServiceProperteis {                                           
                                                             
  private String msg;                                                  
                                                             
  public String getMsg() {                                               
    return msg;                                                    
  }                                                           
                                                             
  public void setMsg(String msg) {                                           
    this.msg = msg;                                                  
  }                                                           
                                                             
}

@ConfigurationProperties：用来标识这个pojo是一个用来接收指定前缀的资源配置值

prefix：表示在配置文件中配置项前缀[/code]

编写一个Service用来对外提供服务

package com.xjw;

public class HelloService {

  private String msg;

  public String sayHello() {
    return "Hello " + msg;
  }

  public String getMsg() {
    return msg;
  }

  public void setMsg(String msg) {
    this.msg = msg;
  }

}

配置一个pojo用来读取上面配置的HelloServiceProperteis

package com.xjw;                                                              
                                                                      
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;                                       
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnClass;                                 
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;                              
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnProperty;                               
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;                              
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;                                             
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;                                        
                                                                      
@Configuration                                                               
@EnableConfigurationProperties(value = HelloServiceProperteis.class)                                    
@ConditionalOnClass(HelloService.class)                                                   
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "hello", value = "enable", matchIfMissing = true)                              
public class HelloAutoConfiguration {                                                    
                                                                      
  @Autowired                                                               
  private HelloServiceProperteis helloServiceProperteis;                                         
                                                                      
  @Bean                                                                  
  @ConditionalOnMissingBean(HelloService.class)                                              
  public HelloService helloService() {                                                  
    HelloService helloService = new HelloService();                                           
    helloService.setMsg(helloServiceProperteis.getMsg());                                        
    return helloService;                                                        
  }                                                                    
}

@Configuration：标识此类为一个spring配置类

@EnableConfigurationProperties(value = HelloServiceProperteis.class):启动配置文件，value用来指定我们要启用的配置类，可以有多个，多个时我们可以这么写value={xxProperties1.class,xxProperteis2.class....}

@ConditionalOnClass(HelloService.class):表示当classPath下存在HelloService.class文件时改配置文件类才有效

@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "hello", value = "enable", matchIfMissing = true):表示只有我们的配置文件是否配置了以hello为前缀的资源项值，并且在该资源项值为enable，如果没有配置我们默认设置为enable[/code]

最后在src/main/resources 文件夹下新建文件夹 META-INF，在新建的META-INF文件夹下新建spring.factories

如何在Spring Boot中自定义starter

在新建的spring.factories文件中配置自动启动类为我们之前编写的HelloAutoConfiguration 类

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=com.xjw.HelloAutoConfiguration

如何在Spring Boot中自定义starter

然后就可以在其他的spring-boot项目中使用我们刚刚新建的starter了,我们来测试一下

在新建一个spring-boot项目，pom.xml配置如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.xjw.springboot</groupId>
  <artifactId>hellostarter.test</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <name>hello-spring-boot-starter-test</name>
  <description>测试自定义starter</description>

  <parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
    <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
  </parent>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.xjw.springboot</groupId>
      <artifactId>hellostarter</artifactId>
      <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>


</project>

然后我们直接在咋们的启动类中中尝试使用以下我们上面定义的starter提供的HelloService:

package com.xjw;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@SpringBootApplication
public class HelloSpringBootStarterTestApplication {

  @Autowired
  private HelloService helloService;

  @RequestMapping("/")
  public String index() {
    return helloService.sayHello();
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(HelloSpringBootStarterTestApplication.class, args);
  }
}

接着我们修改测试项目中的application.properteis，加入如下配置：

debug=true
server.port=8888

#hello=enable
hello.msg=测试starter

最后启动项目，观察控制台输出的内容中依赖的starter,从Positive matches下我们可以看到有这么一句：

HelloAutoConfiguration matched:
- @ConditionalOnClass found required class 'com.xjw.HelloService'; @ConditionalOnMissingClass did not find unwanted class (OnClassCondition)
- @ConditionalOnProperty (hello.enable) matched (OnPropertyCondition)

或者我们打开项目依赖树也能找到我们的starter ,这说明spring已经自动的启动了我们的starter了，打开浏览器输入地址：http://localhost:8888/将会看到如下结果

如何在Spring Boot中自定义starter

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