手动制作java的验证码,具体内容如下
Web应用验证码的组成:
(1)输入框
(2)显示验证码的图片
验证码的制作流程:
生成验证码的容器使用 j2ee的servlet
生成图片需要的类:
(1) BufferedImage 图像数据缓冲区
(2)Graphic绘制图片
(3)Color获取颜色
(4)Random生成随机数
(5)ImageIO输入图片
具体实现流程:
(1)定义一个Servlet,用于生成验证码
(2)定已BufferedImage对象,主要作用就是制作一个图片缓冲区,作为图片的一个临时容器。
(3)获得Graphic对象,画图的“背景”,理解为"画布"
(4)通过Random生成随机数,来制作验证信息
(5)通过Graphic操作,进行具体画图
(6)信息存至session中
(7)使用ImageIO输出生成的图片,通过设置ImageIO的 write()方法中的out参数,response.getOutputStream(),将图片传至前台
(8)制作验证用的servlet,提取session中的数据进行验证(这里采用ajax异步方法)
具体代码实现(Web端验证码实例)
<html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <title>java验证码</title> <script src="https://apps.bdimg.com/libs/jquery/2.1.4/jquery.min.js"></script> </head> <body> 验证码输入:<input type="text" name="checkcode"> <img id="codeimg" alt="验证码" src="ImageServlet"> <a href="javascript:reloadCode();">看不出清楚?</a><br/> <input type="submit" value="提交"> <div id="info" ></div> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function(){ //ajax异步传验证码至后台 $("input[type=submit]").click(function(){ $.post("CheckCode", {"code":$("input[name=checkcode]").val()}, function(data,textStatus) { console.log(textStatus); $("#info").html(data); },"text"); }); }) //js刷新,重新请求页面,获得新的验证码 function reloadCode(){ var time = new Date().getTime();//创建不同的时间 $("#codeimg").attr("src","ImageServlet?time="+time);//因为时间参数不同,请求重新 } </script> </body> </html>
ImageServlet类(验证码生成部分)
@WebServlet("/ImageServlet") public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; /** * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet() */ public ImageServlet() { super(); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } /** * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) */ protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub BufferedImage bimg = new BufferedImage(68, 22, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); Graphics g = bimg.getGraphics(); Color color = new Color(200,151,255);//颜色生成 g.setColor(color); g.fillRect(0, 0, 68, 22); char[] ch="ABCDEFGHJIKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789".toCharArray();//获得一个含有字母和数字的数组,后续随机从中获取字符 Random random = new Random(); //创建随机数 int len = ch.length,index; StringBuffer sBuffer = new StringBuffer(); //循环产生4个随机字符 for(int i = 0 ;i<4;i++) { index = random.nextInt(len);//产生随机字母与数字 g.setColor(new Color(random.nextInt(88),random.nextInt(120),random.nextInt(90)));//创建随机颜色 g.drawString(ch[index]+"", (i)*15+3, 18); sBuffer.append(ch[index]);//将随机获取的字符放置缓冲串中 } request.getSession().setAttribute("newCode", sBuffer.toString());//存至session便于后续验证 ImageIO.write(bimg, "JPG", response.getOutputStream());//通过ImageIO输出图片,并传至前台 } /** * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) */ protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub doGet(request, response); } }
CheckCode(验证码验证servlet)
@WebServlet("/CheckCode") public class CheckCode extends HttpServlet { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; /** * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet() */ public CheckCode() { super(); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } /** * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) */ protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); String code = request.getParameter("code").toUpperCase();//获取传来验证码并进行大小写转换 String result=null; if(request.getSession().getAttribute("newCode").equals(code)) { result="验证成功!"; response.getWriter().append(result); } else { result="验证码错误!"; response.getWriter().append(result); } } /** * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) */ protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub doGet(request, response); } }
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