怎么在Android中连接MongoDB数据库？针对这个问题，这篇文章详细介绍了相对应的分析和解答，希望可以帮助更多想解决这个问题的小伙伴找到更简单易行的方法。
MongoDB简介
Mongodb，分布式文档存储数据库，由C++语言编写，旨在为WEB应用提供可扩展的高性能数据存储解决方案。MongoDB是一个高性能，开源，无模式的文档型数据库,是当前NoSql数据库中比较热门的一种。它在许多场景下可用于替代传统的关系型数据库或键/值存储方式。Mongo使用C++开发。
Mongo安装参考
1）下载安装包文件，解压到某一文件夹下。
官方下载地址：http://www.mongodb.org/downloads
2）配置环境变量：在path后添加安装路径。
3）启动Mongo数据库：
进入“cmd”->键入“mongod --dbpath D:\amp\MongoDBDATA”
D:\amp\MongoDBDATA 表示数据库文件存储路径
4）启动Mongo客户端：
mongo 127.0.0.1:27017/admin
Android 连接MongoDB
步骤1：下载并导入jar包到工程
步骤2：安装MongoDB到PC端（参见MongoDB安装）
步骤3：编写代码连接MongoDB实现简单操作（增删改查）
代码参考（Android端，也适用于java等工程）
1. MongoDBUtil.java
package com.hills.happytest.utils;
import java.util.List;
import org.bson.types.ObjectId;
import com.mongodb.BasicDBObject;
import com.mongodb.DB;
import com.mongodb.DBCollection;
import com.mongodb.DBCursor;
import com.mongodb.DBObject;
import com.mongodb.Mongo;
/**
* Class Name: MongoDBUtil.java
* Function:
* The Util that MongoDB Operate.
* Modifications:
*
* @author Gym Yung.
* @DateTime 2014-10-29 下午1:56:49
* @version 1.0
*/
public class MongoDBUtil {
static Mongo connection = null;
static DB db = null;
public MongoDBUtil(String dbName) throws Exception
{
connection = new Mongo("10.0.2.2:27017");
db = connection.getDB(dbName);
}
public static Mongo getConnection() {
return connection;
}
/**
* Create a blanket collection.
* @param collName :collection name.
*/
public void createCollection(String collName)
{
DBObject dbs = new BasicDBObject();
dbs.put("test", "test");
db.createCollection(collName, dbs);
}
/**
* Insert dbObject into collection.
* @param dbObject
* @param collName
*/
public void insert(DBObject dbObject,String collName)
{
DBCollection collection = db.getCollection(collName);
collection.insert(dbObject);
}
/**
* Insert dbObject list into collection.
* @param dbObjects
* @param collName
*/
public void insertBatch(List<DBObject> dbObjects,String collName)
{
DBCollection collection = db.getCollection(collName);
collection.insert(dbObjects);
}
/**
* Delete data By Id.
* @param id
* @param collName
* @return
*/
public int deleteById(String id,String collName)
{
DBCollection collection = db.getCollection(collName);
DBObject dbs = new BasicDBObject("_id", new ObjectId(id));
int counts = collection.remove(dbs).getN();
return counts;
}
/**
* Delete data By Condition.
* @param dbObject
* @param collName
* @return
*/
public int deleteByDbs(DBObject dbObject,String collName)
{
DBCollection collection = db.getCollection(collName);
int count = collection.remove(dbObject).getN();
return count;
}
/**
* Update Data.
* @param find
* @param update
* @param upsert
* @param multi
* @param collName
* @return
*/
public int update(DBObject find,DBObject update,boolean upsert,boolean multi,String collName)
{
DBCollection collection = db.getCollection(collName);
int count = collection.update(find, update, upsert, multi).getN();
return count;
}
/**
* Find Data With Page.
* @param ref
* @param keys
* @param start
* @param limit
* @param collName
* @return
*/
public DBCursor findWithPage(DBObject where,DBObject selection,int start,int limit,String collName)
{
DBCursor cursor = findNoPage(where, selection, collName);
return cursor.limit(limit).skip(start);
}
/**
* Find Data No Page.
* @param ref
* @param keys
* @param collName
* @return
*/
public DBCursor findNoPage(DBObject where,DBObject selection,String collName)
{
DBCollection collection = db.getCollection(collName);
DBCursor cursor = collection.find(where, selection);
return cursor;
}
}2. MongoDBDao.java
package com.hills.happytest.utils;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import com.mongodb.BasicDBObject;
import com.mongodb.DBCursor;
import com.mongodb.DBObject;
/**
* Class Name: MongoDBDao.java
* Function:
* The Data Dao that MongoDB Operate.
* Modifications:
*
* @author Administrator
* @DateTime 2014-10-29 下午1:57:58
* @version 1.0
*/
public class MongoDBDao {
private static MongoDBUtil mongoDb;
// Init. MongoDBUtil.
static{
try {
mongoDb = new MongoDBUtil("test");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* Test Create a blanket collection.
* @param collName :collection name.
*/
public void createCollectionTest(String collName)
{
mongoDb.createCollection(collName);
}
/**
* Test Insert dbObject into collection.
* @param collName Collection Name.
*/
public void insertTest(String collName)
{
DBObject dbs = new BasicDBObject();
dbs.put("name", "gymyung");
dbs.put("age", 20);
List<String> books = new ArrayList<String>();
books.add("EXTJS");
books.add("MONGDB");
books.add("JAVA");
dbs.put("books", books);
mongoDb.insert(dbs, collName);
}
/**
* Test Insert dbObject list into collection.
* @param collName Collection Name.
*/
public void insertBatchTest(String collName)
{
List<DBObject> dbObjects = new ArrayList<DBObject>();
DBObject jim2 = new BasicDBObject("name", "jim2");
DBObject liuting = new BasicDBObject();
liuting.put("name", "liuting");
liuting.put("age", "22");
dbObjects.add(jim2);
dbObjects.add(liuting);
mongoDb.insertBatch(dbObjects, collName);
}
/**
* Test Delete data By Id.
* @param collName Collection Name.
* @return Operate Result Code.
*/
public int deleteByIdTest(String collName)
{
int counts = mongoDb.deleteById("54507d19cbbd7a385c129ef5", collName);
return counts;
}
/**
* Test Delete data By Condition.
* @param collName Collection Name.
* @return Operate Result Code.
*/
public int deleteByDbsTest(String collName)
{
DBObject jim2 = new BasicDBObject("name", "jim2");
int count = mongoDb.deleteByDbs(jim2, collName);
return count;
}
/**
* Test Update Data.
* @param collName Collection Name.
* @return Operate Result Code.
*/
public int updateTest(String collName)
{
DBObject liuting = new BasicDBObject();
DBObject liuting2 = new BasicDBObject();
liuting2.put("$set", new BasicDBObject("gender", "female"));
int count = mongoDb.update(liuting, liuting2, false, true, collName);
return count;
}
/**
* Test Find Data With Page.
* @param collName Collection Name.
* @return String List Result.
*/
public List<String> findWithPageTest(String collName)
{
DBCursor cursor = mongoDb.findWithPage(null, null, 0, 3, collName);
return convertCursorToList(cursor);
}
/**
* Test Find Data With Condition.
* @param collName Collection Name.
* @return String List Result.
*/
public List<String> findWithConditionTest(String collName)
{
DBObject where = new BasicDBObject();
where.put("age", new BasicDBObject("$lte", 26));
where.put("gender", "female");
DBCursor cursor = mongoDb.findNoPage(where, null,collName);
return convertCursorToList(cursor);
}
/**
* Test Find Data No Page.
* @param collName Collection Name.
* @return String List Result.
*/
public List<String> findNoPageTest(String collName)
{
DBObject keys = new BasicDBObject();
keys.put("_id", false);
keys.put("name", true);
keys.put("age", true);
DBCursor cursor = mongoDb.findNoPage(null, keys, collName);
return convertCursorToList(cursor);
}
/**
* Convert Cursor To List.
* @param cursor Required DBCursor.
* @return String List Result.
*/
private List<String> convertCursorToList(DBCursor cursor)
{
List<String> results = new ArrayList<String>();
while(cursor.hasNext())
{
DBObject dbObject = cursor.next();
for(String key : dbObject.keySet())
{
results.add("{"+key+":"+dbObject.get(key)+"}");
}
}
return results;
}
}3. TestActivity.java
package com.hills.happytest;
import java.util.List;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import com.hills.happytest.utils.MongoDBDao;
import com.hills.happytest.utils.MongoDBUtil;
/**
* Class Name: TestActivity.java
* Function:
* Test MongoDB Operate on Android device.
* Modifications:
*
* @author Gym Yung.
* @DateTime 2014-10-29 下午1:53:40
* @version 1.0
*/
public class TestActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener{
/************** Component in Layout. ***************/
private Button mongoTestBtn1;
private Button mongoTestBtn2;
private Button mongoTestBtn3;
private Button mongoTestBtn4;
private Button mongoTestBtn5;
private Button mongoTestBtn6;
private Button mongoTestBtn7;
private Button mongoTestBtn8;
// The Object use to MongoDB Operate.
private MongoDBDao mongoDbDao;
// The Collection Name in MongoDB.
private String collName = "androidDB";
/************** Operate Code ********************/
private final int CREATE_COLLECTION_TEST = 100;
private final int INSERT_TEST = 101;
private final int INSERT_BATCH_TEST = 102;
private final int DELETE_BY_ID_TEST = 103;
private final int DELETE_BY_DBS_TEST = 104;
private final int UPDATE_TEST = 105;
private final int FIND_WITH_PAGE_TEST = 106;
private final int FIND_NOPAGE_TEST = 107;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.mongodb_test);
findViewAndSetListener();
mongoDbDao = new MongoDBDao();
}
/**
* Function:
* Find View And Set Listener.
* @author Administrator
* @DateTime 2014-10-29 下午1:08:50
*/
private void findViewAndSetListener() {
mongoTestBtn1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.mongodb_btn1);
mongoTestBtn2 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.mongodb_btn2);
mongoTestBtn3 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.mongodb_btn3);
mongoTestBtn4 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.mongodb_btn4);
mongoTestBtn5 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.mongodb_btn5);
mongoTestBtn6 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.mongodb_btn6);
mongoTestBtn7 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.mongodb_btn7);
mongoTestBtn8 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.mongodb_btn8);
mongoTestBtn1.setOnClickListener(this);
mongoTestBtn2.setOnClickListener(this);
mongoTestBtn3.setOnClickListener(this);
mongoTestBtn4.setOnClickListener(this);
mongoTestBtn5.setOnClickListener(this);
mongoTestBtn6.setOnClickListener(this);
mongoTestBtn7.setOnClickListener(this);
mongoTestBtn8.setOnClickListener(this);
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
MyAsyncTast myAsyncTast = new MyAsyncTast();
switch(v.getId()){
case R.id.mongodb_btn1:
myAsyncTast.execute(CREATE_COLLECTION_TEST);
break;
case R.id.mongodb_btn2:
myAsyncTast.execute(INSERT_TEST);
break;
case R.id.mongodb_btn3:
myAsyncTast.execute(INSERT_BATCH_TEST);
break;
case R.id.mongodb_btn4:
myAsyncTast.execute(DELETE_BY_ID_TEST);
break;
case R.id.mongodb_btn5:
myAsyncTast.execute(DELETE_BY_DBS_TEST);
break;
case R.id.mongodb_btn6:
myAsyncTast.execute(UPDATE_TEST);
break;
case R.id.mongodb_btn7:
myAsyncTast.execute(FIND_WITH_PAGE_TEST);
break;
case R.id.mongodb_btn8:
myAsyncTast.execute(FIND_NOPAGE_TEST);
break;
}
}
/**
* Class Name: TestActivity.java
* Function:
* Execute Internet Task by Async...
* Modifications:
*
* @author Administrator
* @DateTime 2014-10-29 下午1:54:34
* @version 1.0
*/
class MyAsyncTast extends AsyncTask<Object, Object, Object>{
@Override
protected Object doInBackground(Object... params) {
Object result = null;
switch(Integer.parseInt(params[0].toString()))
{
case CREATE_COLLECTION_TEST:
mongoDbDao.createCollectionTest(collName);
break;
case INSERT_TEST:
mongoDbDao.insertTest(collName);
break;
case INSERT_BATCH_TEST:
mongoDbDao.insertBatchTest(collName);
break;
case DELETE_BY_ID_TEST:
result = mongoDbDao.deleteByIdTest(collName);
break;
case DELETE_BY_DBS_TEST:
result = mongoDbDao.deleteByDbsTest(collName);
break;
case UPDATE_TEST:
result = mongoDbDao.updateTest(collName);
break;
case FIND_WITH_PAGE_TEST:
result = mongoDbDao.findWithPageTest(collName);
break;
case FIND_NOPAGE_TEST:
result = mongoDbDao.findNoPageTest(collName);
break;
}
return result;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(Object result) {
if(result instanceof Integer)
{
showDialogWithText("操作结果码："+result.toString());
}else if(result instanceof List)
{
String resText = "";
for(String res : ((List<String>) result))
{
resText += res + "\n";
}
showDialogWithText("操作结果\n："+resText);
}
super.onPostExecute(result);
}
}
/**
* Function:
* Show Dialog With Text.
* @author Administrator
* @DateTime 2014-10-29 下午1:21:34
* @param text
*/
private void showDialogWithText(String text)
{
AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
builder.setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher);
builder.setTitle("MongoDB操作结果");
builder.setMessage(text);
builder.setNeutralButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which)
{
dialog.dismiss();
}
});
builder.create().show();
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
// Close MongoDB Connection If It is Not Null.
if(MongoDBUtil.getConnection() != null)
{
MongoDBUtil.getConnection().close();
}
super.onDestroy();
}
}4. 添加权限
<uses-permission Android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
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