Angular2.x Form

表单的创建
1、Reactive forms
响应式表单，使用显式和不可变的方法来管理表单在给定时间点的状态，对表单状态的每个更改都返回一个新状态，该状态在更改之间维护模型的完整性。
几个关键词：FormControl/[formControl]; FormGroup/[formGroup]; [formControlName]; FormBuilder;

响应式的表单最主要的是form control

name = new FormControl('');
//常用的参数有formState表示值，validators:[]表示验证new FormControl('abc',[Validators.required])
<label>
  Name:
  <input type="text" [formControl]="name">
</label>
<p>
  Value: {{ name.value }}
</p>
updateName() {
  this.name.setValue('Nancy');
}
getName(){
    return this.name.value; //value 是 readonly
}

当多个form control组合在一起的时候使用FormGroup

profileForm = new FormGroup({
    firstName: new FormControl('',[Validators.required]),
    lastName: new FormControl(''),
        address:new FormGroup({
            street: new FormControl('')
        })
});
//另外一种方式
constructor(private fb: FormBuilder) { }
profileForm = this.fb.group({
    firstName: ['', Validators.required],
  lastName: [''],
});

<form [formGroup]="profileForm">

  <label>
    First Name:
    <input type="text" formControlName="firstName">
  </label>

  <label>
    Last Name:
    <input type="text" formControlName="lastName">
  </label>

    <div formGroupName="address">
        <h4>Address</h4>

        <label>
            Street:
            <input type="text" formControlName="street">
        </label>
    </div>
</form>

//获取form control
this.profileForm.get('firstName');
//批量更新
this.profileForm.setValue(valueObj);//must all key exist
this.profileForm.patchValue({
    firstName: 'Nancy',
    address: {
      street: '123 Drew Street'
    }
});

2、Template-driven forms
传统方式创建form，几个关键词：ngModel; ngForm
这种方式创建表单主要是通过model来实现双向绑定，通过ngForm来将普通的form转成angular form

<form #heroForm = "ngForm">
    <div class="form-group">
      <label>Name</label>
      <input type="text" class="form-control" name="name" [(ngModel)]="model.name" #name="ngModel">
    </div>
  </form>

在这个例子中，heroForm有一个属性form，heroForm.form其实就和FormGroup创建的form一样了，
设置了#name="ngModel"，就可以用heroForm.controls.name来获取name了

表单的验证
整个表单的验证
Reactive form通过profileForm.invalid
Template-driven form通过heroForm.form.invalid

单个字段的验证
Reactive form直接获取即可

<form [formGroup] = "profileForm">
    <input type="text" formControlName="lastName">
    <div *ngIf="lastName.invalid && (lastName.dirty || lastName.touched)"
             class="alert alert-danger">
        <div *ngIf="lastName.errors.maxlength">
            Name must be at most 10 characters long.
        </div>
    </div>
</form>

如果formControlName是一个变量，用下面这种方式

<form [formGroup] = "profileForm">
    <input type="text" [formControlName]="xxx">
    <div *ngIf="profileForm.get('xxx').invalid && (profileForm.get('xxx').dirty || profileForm.get('xxx').touched)"
             class="alert alert-danger">
        <div *ngIf="profileForm.get('xxx').errors.maxlength">
            Name must be at most 10 characters long.
        </div>
    </div>
</form>

Template-driven通过变量判断

<input type="text" class="form-control" name="name" [(ngModel)]="model.name" required minlength="4" appForbiddenName="11111" #name="ngModel">
<p *ngIf="name.invalid" class="alert alert-danger">
    <span *ngIf="name.errors.required">Name is required</span>
    <span *ngIf="name.errors.minlength">Min 4 chars</span>
    <span *ngIf="name.errors.forbiddenName">This is forbidden name</span>
</p>

一定要有#name="ngModel"这句，这句是定义一个名称为name的form control

表单的提交
1、通过form的(ngSubmit)="onSubmit()"，怎么触发form的提交，和传统form是一样的
2、通过按钮的click事件

Reactive form
<button click="onSubmit()" class="btn btn-success" [disabled]="profileForm.invalid">Submit</button>
Template-driven form
<button click="onSubmit()" class="btn btn-success" [disabled]="heroForm.form.invalid">Submit</button>