Oracle搭建物理DG的方法是什么

发布时间：2021-11-04 11:36:39 来源：亿速云阅读：232 作者：iii 栏目：关系型数据库

这篇文章主要介绍“Oracle搭建物理DG的方法是什么”，在日常操作中，相信很多人在Oracle搭建物理DG的方法是什么问题上存在疑惑，小编查阅了各式资料，整理出简单好用的操作方法，希望对大家解答”Oracle搭建物理DG的方法是什么”的疑惑有所帮助！接下来，请跟着小编一起来学习吧！

前提条件：

完成Oracle单机搭建，Oracle软件和数据库安装完成。

完成Oracle备机的Oracle软件安装。

可以参考文章：

http://blog.itpub.net/22996654/viewspace-2149816/

完成上述安装后开始搭建物理DG：

主机IP：172.16.0.21

备机IP：172.16.0.75

把两个主机都设置好/etc/hosts

[root@aa ~]# cat /etc/hosts

172.16.0.21 aa

172.16.0.75 bb

在从库把对应主库的所有数据目录、日志目录、归档目录都建立好。

[oracle@bb db_1]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/adump

[oracle@bb db_1]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/WMSPROD

[oracle@bb db_1]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/flash_recovery_area

[oracle@bb db_1]$ chown -R oracle:oinstall /usr/local/bin/*

[oracle@bb oradata]$ mkdir -p standbylog

[oracle@bb oradata]$ ll

total 8

drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 May 15 15:45 standbylog

drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 May 14 20:25 WMSPROD

设置监听：

主库：

[oracle@aa admin]$ cat listener.ora

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = aa)(PORT = 1521))

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))

)

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /data/oracle

SID_LIST_LISTENER=

(SID_LIST=

(SID_DESC=

(GLOBAL_DBNAME=wmsprod)

(ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)

(SID_NAME=wmsprod)

)

[oracle@aa admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora

WMSPROD =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = aa)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = WMSPROD)

)

WMSPRODDG =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bb)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = WMSPRODDG)

)

备库：

[oracle@bb admin]$ cat listener.ora

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bb)(PORT = 1521))

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))

)

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /data/oracle

SID_LIST_LISTENER=

(SID_LIST=

(SID_DESC=

(GLOBAL_DBNAME=wmsproddg)

(ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)

(SID_NAME=wmsproddg)

)

[oracle@bb admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora

WMSPRODDG =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bb)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = WMSPRODDG)

)

WMSPROD =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = aa)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = WMSPROD)

)

重启监听。

在主库加standby的日志文件：比redo日志文件多一组。

SQL> alter database add standby logfile

2 GROUP 7 ('/data/oracle/oradata/standbylog/standby01.log') SIZE 600m,

3 GROUP 8 ('/data/oracle/oradata/standbylog/standby02.log') size 600m,

4 GROUP 9 ('/data/oracle/oradata/standbylog/standby03.log') size 600m,

5 GROUP 10 ('/data/oracle/oradata/standbylog/standby04.log') size 600m,

6 GROUP 11 ('/data/oracle/oradata/standbylog/standby05.log') size 600m,

7 GROUP 12 ('/data/oracle/oradata/standbylog/standby06.log') size 600m,

8 GROUP 13 ('/data/oracle/oradata/standbylog/standby07.log') size 600m;

Database altered.

修改主从的init文件：

主库：

[oracle@aa dbs]$ cat initwmsprod.ora

*.db_name='WMSPROD'

*.memory_target=5G

*.processes = 2000

*.audit_file_dest='/data/oracle/admin/wmsprod/adump'

*.audit_trail ='db'

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_domain=''

*.db_recovery_file_dest='/data/oracle/flash_recovery_area'

*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G

*.diagnostic_dest='/data/oracle'

*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=WMSPRODXDB)'

*.open_cursors=300

*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

*.control_files = (/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/ora_control01.ctl,/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/ora_control02.ctl)

*.compatible ='11.2.0'

*.standby_file_management='AUTO'

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(wmsprod,wmsproddg)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/archivelog

VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES)

DB_UNIQUE_NAME=wmsprod'

*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME=wmsprod

*.DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/','/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/'

*.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/','/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/'

*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=wmsproddg LGWR ASYNC

valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role)

db_unique_name=wmsproddg'

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE

*.FAL_SERVER=wmsproddg

*.fal_client=wmspro

备库：

[oracle@bb dbs]$ cat initwmsproddg.ora

*.db_name='WMSPROD'

*.memory_target=5G

*.processes = 2000

*.audit_file_dest='/data/oracle/admin/wmsprod/adump'

*.audit_trail ='db'

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_domain=''

*.db_recovery_file_dest='/data/oracle/flash_recovery_area'

*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G

*.diagnostic_dest='/data/oracle'

*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=WMSPRODXDB)'

*.open_cursors=300

*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

*.control_files = (/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/ora_control01.ctl,/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/ora_control02.ctl)

*.compatible ='11.2.0'

*.standby_file_management='AUTO'

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(wmsprod,wmsproddg)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/archivelog

VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES)

DB_UNIQUE_NAME=wmsproddg'

*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME=wmsproddg

*.DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/','/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/'

*.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/','/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/'

*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=wmsprod LGWR ASYNC

valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role)

db_unique_name=wmsprod'

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE

*.FAL_SERVER=wmsprod

*.fal_client=wmsprodd

cp 主库的密码文件生成备库的密码文件并放到备库对应位置：

[oracle@aa dbs]$ cp orapwwmsprod orapwwmsproddg

创建备库的spfile文件，启动备库到nomount模式

SQL> shutdown immediate;

SQL> create spfile from pfile;

SQL> startup nomount;

RMAN复制主库到备库

首先从库RMAN连接到目标数据库和辅助数据库

rman target sys/password@wmsprod auxiliary sys/password@wmsproddg

使用RMAN的duplicate命令进行复制，两边目录结构相同，需要添加nofilenamecheck参数

RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database nofilenamecheck;

复制成功后，备库自动被加载为mount模式，进入sqlplus查看

SQL> select status from v$instance;

备库执行过程：

[oracle@bb admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Fri May 15 18:09:13 2020

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> create spfile from pfile;

File created.

SQL> startup nomount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 5344731136 bytes

Fixed Size 2262656 bytes

Variable Size 3724544384 bytes

Database Buffers 1593835520 bytes

Redo Buffers 24088576 bytes

SQL> !

[oracle@bb admin]$ rman target sys/oracle@wmsprod auxiliary sys/oracle@wmsproddg

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri May 15 18:10:47 2020

connected to target database: WMSPROD (DBID=1351169222)

connected to auxiliary database: WMSPROD (not mounted)

RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database nofilenamecheck;

Starting Duplicate Db at 15-MAY-20

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=2376 device type=DISK

contents of Memory Script:

{

backup as copy reuse

targetfile '/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwwmsprod' auxiliary format

'/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwwmsproddg' ;

}

executing Memory Script

Starting backup at 15-MAY-20

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=96 device type=DISK

Finished backup at 15-MAY-20

contents of Memory Script:

{

backup as copy current controlfile for standby auxiliary format '/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/ora_control01.ctl';

restore clone controlfile to '/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/ora_control02.ctl' from

'/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/ora_control01.ctl';

}

executing Memory Script

Starting backup at 15-MAY-20

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

copying standby control file

output file name=/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_wmsprod.f tag=TAG20200515T181846 RECID=1 STAMP=1040494726

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 15-MAY-20

Starting restore at 15-MAY-20

using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: copied control file copy

Finished restore at 15-MAY-20

contents of Memory Script:

{

sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';

}

executing Memory Script

sql statement: alter database mount standby database

contents of Memory Script:

{

set newname for tempfile 1 to

"/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/temp01.dbf";

switch clone tempfile all;

set newname for datafile 1 to

"/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/system01.dbf";

set newname for datafile 2 to

"/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/sysaux01.dbf";

set newname for datafile 3 to

"/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/undotbs01.dbf";

set newname for datafile 4 to

"/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/users01.dbf";

backup as copy reuse

datafile 1 auxiliary format

"/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/system01.dbf" datafile

2 auxiliary format

"/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/sysaux01.dbf" datafile

3 auxiliary format

"/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/undotbs01.dbf" datafile

4 auxiliary format

"/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/users01.dbf" ;

sql 'alter system archive log current';

}

executing Memory Script

executing command: SET NEWNAME

renamed tempfile 1 to /data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/temp01.dbf in control file

executing command: SET NEWNAME

Starting backup at 15-MAY-20

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

input datafile file number=00004 name=/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/users01.dbf

output file name=/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/users01.dbf tag=TAG20200515T181853

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

input datafile file number=00001 name=/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/system01.dbf

output file name=/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/system01.dbf tag=TAG20200515T181853

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

input datafile file number=00002 name=/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/sysaux01.dbf

output file name=/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20200515T181853

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

input datafile file number=00003 name=/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/undotbs01.dbf

output file name=/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20200515T181853

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07

Finished backup at 15-MAY-20

sql statement: alter system archive log current

contents of Memory Script:

{

switch clone datafile all;

}

executing Memory Script

datafile 1 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=1 STAMP=1040494790 file name=/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/system01.dbf

datafile 2 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=2 STAMP=1040494790 file name=/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/sysaux01.dbf

datafile 3 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=1040494790 file name=/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/undotbs01.dbf

datafile 4 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=1040494790 file name=/data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/users01.dbf

Finished Duplicate Db at 15-MAY-20

查看备库归档模式：

[oracle@bb admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Fri May 15 18:32:46 2020

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> archive log list;

Database log mode Archive Mode

Automatic archival Enabled

Archive destination /data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/archivelog

Oldest online log sequence 7

Next log sequence to archive 0

Current log sequence 8

如果没有建这个archivelog目录。

会在上级目录生成同步的归档日志文件。

主库切日志组：

切日志：

SQL> alter system switch logfile

2 ;

System altered.

[oracle@aa archivelog]$ ll

total 105956

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 56715776 May 14 20:50 1_2_1040413510.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 47865344 May 15 17:33 1_3_1040413510.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 44544 May 15 17:33 1_4_1040413510.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2842624 May 15 18:18 1_5_1040413510.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 28160 May 15 18:19 1_6_1040413510.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 151040 May 15 18:24 1_7_1040413510.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 844800 May 15 18:50 1_8_1040413510.dbf

备库日志同步：

[oracle@bb archivelog]$ ll

total 828

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 844800 May 15 18:50 1_8_1040413510.dbf

查备库：

SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS

------------

MOUNTED

SQL> select name from v$database;

NAME

---------

WMSPROD

关闭审计：

第1步：查看审计功能是否开启？

SQL> show parameter audit;

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

audit_file_dest string /u01/app/oracle/admin/ORCL/adump

audit_sys_operations boolean FALSE

audit_syslog_level string

audit_trail string NONE

audit_trail 的value值为NONE表示不开启；

audit_trail 的value值为FALSE表示不开启；

audit_trail 的value值为DB表示开启；

audit_trail 的value值为TURE表示开启；

audit_trail 的value值为OS表示审计记录写入一个操作系统文件（不是特别理解）；

第2步：开启审计功能

SQL> alter system set audit_sys_operations=TRUE scope=spfile;--审计管理用户(以sysdba/sysoper角色登陆)

SQL> alter system set audit_trail=db,extended scope=spfile;

重启实例

第3步：关闭审计功能

SQL> conn /as sysdba

SQL> show parameter audit

SQL> alter system set audit_trail = none scope=spfile;

重启实例

OK。

SQL> show parameter audit;

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

audit_file_dest string /data/oracle/admin/wmsprod/adu

audit_sys_operations boolean FALSE

audit_syslog_level string

audit_trail string DB

SQL> alter system set audit_trail = none scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL> shutdown immediate;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 5344731136 bytes

Fixed Size 2262656 bytes

Variable Size 3724544384 bytes

Database Buffers 1593835520 bytes

Redo Buffers 24088576 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL> show parameter audit;

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

audit_file_dest string /data/oracle/admin/wmsprod/adu

audit_sys_operations boolean FALSE

audit_syslog_level string

audit_trail string NONE

在备库开启实时日志应用

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

主备库角色状态查询

SQL> select switchover_status,database_role from v$database;

--主库显示：TO STANDBY/PRIMARY，如果显示SESSION ACTIVE表示还有活动的会话，需要关闭活动的会话再检查

--备库显示：NOT ALLOWED/PHYSICAL STANDBY

测试DG

执行日志切换测试

在主库端切换归档，在备库检查是否也发生了切换

主库上执行日志切换

SQL> archive log list;

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

SQL> archive log list;

备库上查看，日志的sequence号也跟着变了

SQL> archive log list;

查看备库启动的DG进程

SQL> select PROCESS ,STATUS from v$managed_standby;

PROCESS STATUS

--------------------------- ------------------------------------

ARCH CONNECTED

ARCH CLOSING

RFS IDLE

MRP0 APPLYING_LOG

查看数据库的保护模式

SQL> select database_role,protection_mode,protection_level,open_mode from v$database;

DATABASE_ROLE PROTECTION_MODE PROTECTION_LEVEL OPEN_MODE

------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------

PRIMARY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE READ WRITE

查看DG的日志信息

SQL> select * from v$dataguard_status;

Open Read Only Standby数据库

以只读方式打开备库，并开启实时日志应用

SQL> shutdown immediate

SQL> startup

SQL> select database_role,protection_mode,protection_level,open_mode from v$database;

SQL> select process,client_process,sequence#,status from v$managed_standby;

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

在DG上执行：
SQL> select database_role from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE
----------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY

物理备库。
SQL> select status from v$instance;STATUS
------------
MOUNTED

原本DG是mount状态。
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;
Database altered.
断应用同步。
SQL> alter database open read only;
Database altered.
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;
Database altered.
开启应用同步。
SQL> select RECOVERY_MODE from v$archive_dest_status where rownum<5;
RECOVERY_MODE
-----------------------
MANAGED REAL TIME APPLY
IDLE
IDLE
IDLE

SQL> SELECT NAME,VALUE,UNIT,TIME_COMPUTED

2 FROM V$DATAGUARD_STATS

3 WHERE NAME IN ('transport lag','apply lag');

NAME VALUE UNIT TIME_COMPUTED

------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------

transport lag +00 00:00:00 day(2) to second(0) interval 05/15/2020 19:41:55

apply lag +00 00:00:00 day(2) to second(0) interval 05/15/2020 19:41:55

主库日志信息：

SQL> select thread#, max(sequence#) from v$archived_log group by thread#;

THREAD# MAX(SEQUENCE#)

---------- --------------

1 14

SQL> archive log list;

Database log mode Archive Mode

Automatic archival Enabled

Archive destination /data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/archivelog

Oldest online log sequence 10

Next log sequence to archive 15

Current log sequence 15

备库日志信息：

SQL> select thread#, max(sequence#) from v$archived_log where applied='YES' group by thread#;

THREAD# MAX(SEQUENCE#)

---------- --------------

1 13

SQL> archive log list;

Database log mode Archive Mode

Automatic archival Enabled

Archive destination /data/oracle/oradata/WMSPROD/archivelog

Oldest online log sequence 10

Next log sequence to archive 0

Current log sequence 15

主备同步正常。

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