这篇文章主要为大家展示了“Linux 7如何安装Mysql 5.7”，内容简而易懂，条理清晰，希望能够帮助大家解决疑惑，下面让小编带领大家一起研究并学习一下“Linux 7如何安装Mysql 5.7”这篇文章吧。
在Oracle Linux 7.1中安装MySql 5.7 。mysql安装位置：/mysqlsoft/mysql，数据库文件数据位置：/mysqldata/mysql。
1.首先下载安装介质
mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
2. 在根目录下创建文件夹mysqlsoft和数据库数据文件/mysqldata/mysql
[root@cs2 /]# mkdir -p /mysqlsoft [root@cs2 /]# mkdir -p /mysqldata/mysql [root@cs2 /]# ls -lrt /mysqldata/ total 0 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 May 31 11:58 mysql
3.上传介质mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz到/mysqlsoft目录中并解压
[root@cs2 /]# cd mysqlsoft [root@cs2 mysqlsoft]# ls -lrt total 628704 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 643790848 Apr 20 2018 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz [root@cs2 mysqlsoft]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz [root@cs2 mysqlsoft]# ls -lrt total 628704 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 643790848 Apr 20 2018 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 120 May 31 12:11 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
建议一般不要修改默认文件名，通过软连接来完成
[root@cs2 mysqlsoft]# mv mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql [root@cs2 mysqlsoft]# ls -lrt total 628704 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 643790848 Apr 20 2018 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 120 May 31 13:28 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 35 May 31 13:33 mysql -> mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 [root@cs2 mysqlsoft]# cd mysql [root@cs2 mysql]# ls bin COPYING docs include lib man README share support-files
4. 创建mysql用户与用户组
[root@cs2 mysql]# groupadd mysql [root@cs2 mysql]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
因为用户只用于所有权目的，而不是登录目的，useradd命令使用-r与-s /bin/false选项来创建一个用户没有登录服务器主机的权限。
5.修改/mysqlsoft/mysql与/mysqldata/mysql目录权限
[root@cs2 /]# chown -R mysql:mysql /mysqlsoft/mysql [root@cs2 /]# chown -R mysql:mysql /mysqldata/mysql [root@cs2 /]# chmod -R 775 /mysqlsoft/mysql [root@cs2 /]# chmod -R 775 /mysqldata/mysql
6. MySQL对于libaio库有依赖性。台果这个libaio库没有安装那么数据目录初始化与后续的数据库服务启动将会失败，安装libaio库执行以下操作:
查询是否安装了libaio库
[root@cs2 local]# yum search libaio Loaded plugins: langpacks Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast =========================================================================================================== N/S matched: libaio ============================================================================================================ libaio.i686 : Linux-native asynchronous I/O access library libaio.x86_64 : Linux-native asynchronous I/O access library libaio-devel.i686 : Development files for Linux-native asynchronous I/O access libaio-devel.x86_64 : Development files for Linux-native asynchronous I/O access Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.
如果没有安装，可以执行下面的命令来安装
[root@cs2 local]# yum install libaio Loaded plugins: langpacks Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast file:///run/media/jy/OL-7.1%20Server.x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#37 - "Couldn't open file /run/media/jy/OL-7.1%20Server.x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml" Trying other mirror. Package libaio-0.3.109-12.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version Nothing to do
7.配置mysql参数
只是设置几个简单的mysql运行参数
[root@cs2 ~]# vi /mysqlsoft/mysql/my.cnf [mysqld] basedir=/mysqlsoft/mysql datadir=/mysqldata/mysql bind-address=0.0.0.0 user=mysql port=3306 log-error=/mysqldata/mysql/mysql.err pid-file=/mysqldata/mysql/mysqld.pid socket = /mysqldata/mysql/mysql.sock character-set-server=utf8 default-storage-engine=INNODB explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true "/mysqlsoft/mysql/my.cnf" [New] 67L, 1642C written
注意：log-error 一定要配置，因为如果mysql启动错误，可以从日志文件中找到错误原因。其次bind—address配置0.0.0.0是为了监听所有的连接。还有就是socket参数所指定的mysql.sock文件的路径最好设置为/tmp/mysql.sock，因为unix socket文件的缺省位置在/tmp目录中。
8.初始化mysql
[root@cs2 /]# cd /mysqlsoft/mysql/bin [root@cs2 bin]# ./mysqld --user=mysql --defaults-file=/mysqlsoft/mysql/my.cnf --basedir=/mysqlsoft/mysql --datadir=/mysqldata/mysql --initialize [root@cs2 mysql]# cat mysql.err 2019-05-31T06:01:50.260643Z 0 [Warning] 'NO_ZERO_DATE', 'NO_ZERO_IN_DATE' and 'ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO' sql modes should be used with strict mode. They will be merged with strict mode in a future release. 2019-05-31T06:01:50.260731Z 0 [Warning] 'NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER' sql mode was not set. 100 100 2019-05-31T06:01:53.795162Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790 2019-05-31T06:01:54.049268Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2019-05-31T06:01:54.102171Z 0 [ERROR] unknown variable 'defaults-file=/mysqlsoft/mysql/my.cnf' 2019-05-31T06:01:54.102193Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting
网上有人说是文件权限的问题，然后重新授权chmod 664 my.cnf 但并没有解决，有人建议调整一下参数顺序就好！！！最后调整了一下参数顺序果然有效：
[root@cs2 bin]# ./mysqld --defaults-file=/mysqlsoft/mysql/my.cnf --initialize --basedir=/mysqlsoft/mysql --datadir=/mysqldata/mysql --user=mysql [root@cs2 mysql]# cat mysql.err 2019-05-31T06:05:06.362925Z 0 [Warning] 'NO_ZERO_DATE', 'NO_ZERO_IN_DATE' and 'ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO' sql modes should be used with strict mode. They will be merged with strict mode in a future release. 2019-05-31T06:05:06.362994Z 0 [Warning] 'NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER' sql mode was not set. 100 100 2019-05-31T06:05:09.779913Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790 2019-05-31T06:05:10.026707Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2019-05-31T06:05:10.094462Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 0be6983a-836a-11e9-a341-005056a092af. 2019-05-31T06:05:10.109209Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened. 2019-05-31T06:05:10.110107Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ,;pm93qnL%-j 2019-05-31T06:05:14.966324Z 1 [Warning] 'user' entry 'root@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode. 2019-05-31T06:05:14.966373Z 1 [Warning] 'user' entry 'mysql.session@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode. 2019-05-31T06:05:14.966391Z 1 [Warning] 'user' entry 'mysql.sys@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode. 2019-05-31T06:05:14.966419Z 1 [Warning] 'db' entry 'performance_schema mysql.session@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode. 2019-05-31T06:05:14.966428Z 1 [Warning] 'db' entry 'sys mysql.sys@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode. 2019-05-31T06:05:14.966441Z 1 [Warning] 'proxies_priv' entry '@ root@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode. 2019-05-31T06:05:14.966493Z 1 [Warning] 'tables_priv' entry 'user mysql.session@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode. 2019-05-31T06:05:14.966508Z 1 [Warning] 'tables_priv' entry 'sys_config mysql.sys@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.
其中[Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ,;pm93qnL%-j的root@localhost: 后面跟的是mysql数据库登录的临时密码，各人安装生成的临时密码不一样。可以看到到日志文件没有报错，而且有了临时密码，表示初始化成功。
9. 如果想服务能够部署自动支持安全连接，使用mysql_ssl_rsa_setup工具来创建缺省SSL与RSA文件
[root@cs2 bin]# ./mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/mysqldata/mysql Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key ......................................................................+++ ..............................................................+++ writing new private key to 'ca-key.pem' ----- Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key .............+++ ..............+++ writing new private key to 'server-key.pem' ----- Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key .....................................+++ ................................................+++ writing new private key to 'client-key.pem' -----
9.启动mysql服务
[root@cs2 /]# sh /mysqlsoft/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start /mysqlsoft/mysql/support-files/mysql.server: line 239: my_print_defaults: command not found /mysqlsoft/mysql/support-files/mysql.server: line 259: cd: /usr/local/mysql: No such file or directory Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn't find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)
启动mysql服务命令会报错，因为没有修改mysql的配置文件
修改Mysql配置文件，修改前为以下内容
if test -z "$basedir" then basedir=/usr/local/mysql bindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin if test -z "$datadir" then datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data fi sbindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin libexecdir=/usr/local/mysql/bin else bindir="$basedir/bin" if test -z "$datadir" then datadir="$basedir/data" fi sbindir="$basedir/sbin" libexecdir="$basedir/libexec" fi
修改后的内容如下
[root@cs2 ~]# vi /mysqlsoft/mysql/support-files/mysql.server if test -z "$basedir" then basedir=/mysqlsoft/mysql bindir=/mysqlsoft/mysql/bin if test -z "$datadir" then datadir=/mysqldata/mysql fi sbindir=/mysqlsoft/mysql/bin libexecdir=/mysqlsoft/mysql/bin else bindir="$basedir/bin" if test -z "$datadir" then datadir="$basedir/data" fi sbindir="$basedir/sbin" libexecdir="$basedir/libexec" fi [root@cs2 ~]# cp /mysqlsoft/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@cs2 ~]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
10.启动mysql
[root@cs2 ~]# service mysqld start Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
11.配置环境变量
[root@cs2 ~]# vi /etc/profile # /etc/profile # System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup # Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc # It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you # are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in # /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this # will prevent the need for merging in future updates. export MYSQL_HOME=/mysqlsoft/mysql/ export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin
11.登录Mysql
初始化成功后，查看初始化密码
[root@cs2 ~]# cat /mysqldata/mysql/mysql.err | grep password 2019-05-31T06:05:10.110107Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ,;pm93qnL%-j
并输入刚刚复制的密码，但是 却提示不能通过mysql.sock文件实现连接
[root@cs2 bin]# ./mysqladmin -u root -p password Enter password: mysqladmin: connect to server at 'localhost' failed error: 'Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/mysqlsoft/mysql/mysql.sock' (2)' Check that mysqld is running and that the socket: '/mysqlsoft/mysql/mysql.sock' exists!
这里就奇怪了，因为在my.cnf文件中设置的socket文件路径为/mysqldata/mysql/mysql.sock，但mysql所使用的文件不是启动服务所生成的。
[root@cs2 ~]# cat /mysqlsoft/mysql/my.cnf [mysqld] basedir=/mysqlsoft/mysql datadir=/mysqldata/mysql bind-address=0.0.0.0 user=mysql port=3306 log-error=/mysqldata/mysql/mysql.err pid-file=/mysqldata/mysql/mysqld.pid socket = /mysqldata/mysql/mysql.sock character-set-server=utf8 default-storage-engine=INNODB explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true [root@cs2 mysql]# ls -lrt total 286896 -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 134217728 May 31 14:05 ib_logfile1 -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 56 May 31 14:05 auto.cnf drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 8192 May 31 14:05 performance_schema drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 May 31 14:05 mysql drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 8192 May 31 14:05 sys -rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1679 May 31 14:25 ca-key.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1107 May 31 14:25 ca.pem -rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1679 May 31 14:25 server-key.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1107 May 31 14:25 server-cert.pem -rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1679 May 31 14:25 client-key.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1107 May 31 14:25 client-cert.pem -rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1679 May 31 14:25 private_key.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 451 May 31 14:25 public_key.pem -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 291 May 31 18:05 ib_buffer_pool -rw------- 1 mysql mysql 6 May 31 18:08 mysql.sock.lock srwxrwxrwx 1 mysql mysql 0 May 31 18:08 mysql.sock -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 6 May 31 18:08 mysqld.pid -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 101396 May 31 18:08 mysql.err -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 May 31 18:08 ibtmp1 -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 May 31 18:08 ibdata1 -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 134217728 May 31 18:08 ib_logfile0
可以看到在/var/lib/mysql目录中的mysql.sock是指向/mysqlsoft/mysql/mysql.sock文件的。
[mysql@cs2 ~]$ ls -lrt /var/lib/mysql 总用量 110604 -rw-rw----. 1 27 27 50331648 10月 11 2017 ib_logfile1 drwx------. 2 27 27 4096 10月 11 2017 performance_schema drwx------. 2 27 27 4096 10月 11 2017 mysql -rw-rw----. 1 27 27 56 10月 11 2017 auto.cnf -rw-rw----. 1 27 27 50331648 5月 30 18:32 ib_logfile0 -rw-rw----. 1 27 27 12582912 5月 30 18:32 ibdata1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 27 5月 31 15:44 mysql.sock -> /mysqlsoft/mysql/mysql.sock
如果使用-S选项来指定生成的mysql.sock文件进行登录是可以成功登录的
[mysql@cs2 mysql]$ mysql -S /mysqldata/mysql/mysql.sock -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 6 Server version: 5.7.22 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> quit
修改socket文件路径为/mysqlsoft/mysql/mysql.sock
[root@cs2 ~]# cat /mysqlsoft/mysql/my.cnf [mysqld] basedir=/mysqlsoft/mysql datadir=/mysqldata/mysql bind-address=0.0.0.0 user=mysql port=3306 log-error=/mysqldata/mysql/mysql.err pid-file=/mysqldata/mysql/mysqld.pid socket = /mysqlsoft/mysql/mysql.sock character-set-server=utf8 default-storage-engine=INNODB explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
再重启mysql服务
[root@cs2 ~]# service mysqld stop Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! [root@cs2 ~]# service mysqld start Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! [mysql@cs2 ~]$ mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 4 Server version: 5.7.22 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
这就可以登录了。
12.重置root用户密码
[mysql@cs2 ~]$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.22
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> set password=password("123456");
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)13.设置允许远程登录mysql
如果要远程访问数据库，只需要把拥有全部权限的root账号对应的记录的Host字段改为%就可以了
mysql> use mysql; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
测试远程登录
-bash-4.2$ mysql -h 10.11.13.19 -P 3306 -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.22 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> SELECT DISTINCT CONCAT('User: [', user, '''@''', host, '];') AS USER_HOST FROM user;
+------------------------------------+
| USER_HOST |
+------------------------------------+
| User: [root'@'%]; |
| User: [mysql.session'@'localhost]; |
| User: [mysql.sys'@'localhost]; |
+------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.05 sec)以上是“Linux 7如何安装Mysql 5.7”这篇文章的所有内容，感谢各位的阅读！相信大家都有了一定的了解，希望分享的内容对大家有所帮助，如果还想学习更多知识，欢迎关注亿速云行业资讯频道！
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