这期内容当中小编将会给大家带来有关怎么理解MySQL 5.7 Online DDL Overview，文章内容丰富且以专业的角度为大家分析和叙述，阅读完这篇文章希望大家可以有所收获。
| Operation | In-Place? | Rebuilds Table? | Permits Concurrent DML? | Only Modifies Metadata? | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CREATE INDEX, ADD INDEX | Yes* | No* | Yes | No | Restrictions apply for FULLTEXT indexes; see next row. |
| ADD FULLTEXT INDEX | Yes* | No* | No | No | Adding the first FULLTEXT index rebuilds the table if there is no user-defined FTS_DOC_ID column. Subsequent FULLTEXT indexes may be added on the same table without rebuilding the table. |
| ADD SPATIAL INDEX | Yes | No | No | No | |
| RENAME INDEX | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Only modifies table metadata. |
| DROP INDEX | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Only modifies table metadata. |
| OPTIMIZE TABLE | Yes* | Yes | Yes | No | In-place operation is not supported for tables with FULLTEXT indexes. |
| Set column default value | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Only modifies table metadata. |
| Change auto-incrementvalue | Yes | No | Yes | No* | Modifies a value stored in memory, not the data file. |
| Add foreign key constraint | Yes* | No | Yes | Yes | The INPLACE algorithm is supported when foreign_key_checks is disabled. Otherwise, only theCOPY algorithm is supported. |
| Drop foreign key constraint | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | foreign_key_checks can be enabled or disabled. |
| Rename column | Yes* | No | Yes* | Yes | To permit concurrent DML, keep the same data type and only change the column name.ALGORITHM=INPLACE is not supported for renaming a generated column. |
| Add column | Yes* | Yes* | Yes* | No | Concurrent DML is not permitted when adding an auto-increment column. Data is reorganized substantially, making it an expensive operation. ALGORITHM=INPLACE is supported for adding a virtual generated column but not for adding a stored generated column. Adding a virtual generated column does not require a table rebuild. |
| Drop column | Yes | Yes* | Yes | No | Data is reorganized substantially, making it an expensive operation. ALGORITHM=INPLACE is supported for dropping a generated column. Dropping a virtual generated column does not require a table rebuild. |
| Reorder columns | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Data is reorganized substantially, making it an expensive operation. |
| Change ROW_FORMATproperty | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Data is reorganized substantially, making it an expensive operation. |
| Change KEY_BLOCK_SIZEproperty | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Data is reorganized substantially, making it an expensive operation. |
| Make column NULL | Yes | Yes* | Yes | No | Rebuilds the table in place. Data is reorganized substantially, making it an expensive operation. |
| Make column NOT NULL | Yes* | Yes | Yes | No | Rebuilds the table in place. STRICT_ALL_TABLES or STRICT_TRANS_TABLES SQL_MODE is required for the operation to succeed. The operation fails if the column contains NULL values. The server prohibits changes to foreign key columns that have the potential to cause loss of referential integrity. SeeSection 13.1.8, “ALTER TABLE Syntax”. Data is reorganized substantially, making it an expensive operation. |
| Change column data type | No* | Yes | No | No | VARCHAR size may be increased using online ALTER TABLE. See Modifying Column Properties for more information. |
| Add primary key | Yes* | Yes* | Yes | No | Rebuilds the table in place. Data is reorganized substantially, making it an expensive operation.ALGORITHM=INPLACE is not permitted under certain conditions if columns have to be converted toNOT NULL. |
| Drop primary key and add another | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Data is reorganized substantially, making it an expensive operation. |
| Drop primary key | No | Yes | No | No | Only ALGORITHM=COPY supports dropping a primary key without adding a new one in the same ALTER TABLE statement. |
| Convert character set | No | Yes* | No | No | Rebuilds the table if the new character encoding is different. |
| Specify character set | No | Yes* | No | No | Rebuilds the table if the new character encoding is different. |
| Rebuild with FORCE option | Yes* | Yes | Yes | No | Uses ALGORITHM=INPLACE. ALGORITHM=INPLACE is not supported for tables with FULLTEXT indexes. |
| “null” rebuild using ALTER TABLE ... ENGINE=INNODB | Yes* | Yes | Yes | No | Uses ALGORITHM=INPLACE. ALGORITHM=INPLACE is not supported for tables with FULLTEXT indexes. |
| Set STATS_PERSISTENT,STATS_AUTO_RECALC,STATS_SAMPLE_PAGESpersistent statistics options | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Only modifies table metadata. |
| ALTER TABLE … ENCRYPTION | No | Yes | No | Yes | |
| Drop a STORED column | Yes | Yes* | Yes | No | Rebuilds the table in place. |
| Modify STORED column order | Yes | Yes* | Yes | No | Rebuilds the table in place. |
| Add a STORED column | Yes | Yes* | Yes | No | Rebuilds the table in place. |
| Drop a VIRTUAL column | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | |
| Modify VIRTUAL column order | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | |
| Add a VIRTUAL column | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
此列显示哪些操作允许使用ALGORITHM=INPLACE子句。“Rebuilds Table？”列显示哪些操作可以重建表。对于使用就地算法的操作，表将就地重建。对于不支持就地算法的操作，使用表复制方法重新生成表。
“允许并发DML？”列显示完全在线执行的操作。您可以指定LOCK=NONE来断言在DDL操作期间允许并发DML。MySQL在可能的情况下自动允许并发DML。
在所有联机DDL操作期间允许并发查询。您可以指定LOCK=SHARED来断言在DDL操作期间允许并发查询。MySQL在可能的情况下自动允许并发查询。
“注释”列提供附加信息，并解释与其他列的“是/否”值相关的异常和依赖关系。星号表示异常或依赖项。
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