MySQL高可用之keepalived方案的示例分析

这篇文章主要为大家展示了“MySQL高可用之keepalived方案的示例分析”，内容简而易懂，条理清晰，希望能够帮助大家解决疑惑，下面让小编带领大家一起研究并学习一下“MySQL高可用之keepalived方案的示例分析”这篇文章吧。

    
实验环境
    mysql master   : 192.168.111.52
    mysql slave     : 192.168.111.53
    keepalived vip :  192.168.111.60
、搭建过程
    1.  mysql双主的构建
        ① 互相 change master 即可，此处省略该过程，着重讲下keepalived

    2. keepalived相关
        ①  yum -y install keepalived 安装keepalived
        ② root@192.168.111.52:~# keepalived -v
            Keepalived v1.2.7 (02/21,2013)

        ③ 编辑 /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf   

点击(此处)折叠或打开

1. root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# cat keepalived.conf
   

2. ! Configuration File for keepalived
   

3. 
   

4. global_defs {##全局配置
   

5.    notification_email {
   

6.      horand_gc@163.com                    #####邮件接收者
   

7.    }
   

8.    notification_email_from dba@163.com    #####邮件发送者
   

9.    smtp_server smtp.163.com               #####SMTP服务器
   

10.    smtp_connect_timeout 30
    

11.    router_id haMySQL                      #####routerID 同一组keepalived设置为相同
    

12. }
    

13. 
    

14. vrrp_script chk_mysql {##健康检测相关配置
    

15.     script "/etc/keepalived/chk_mysql.sh" #####设置脚本 或者直命令  返回 0 则表示成功 >0 则表示失败， 详情可以后面的脚本内容
    

16.     interval 1                            #####检测间隔
    

17.     weight 2                              #####检测返回失败之后优先级会减少 2 (如果 master优先级100 ， slave 优先级 99 ,master检测失败则优先级为100-2 < 99 ，则slave会提升为主)
    

18. }
    

19. 
    

20. vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    

21.     state MASTER                          ##### 设为master
    

22.     interface eth2                        ##### 网卡设定
    

23.     virtual_router_id 51                  ##### 针对该 instance的虚拟id  , 同一组 instance设置相同
    

24.     priority 100                          ##### 优先级设定
    

25.     advert_int 1                          ##### 检测时间间隔
    

26.     authentication {
    

27.         auth_type PASS                    ##### 同一组instance之间的认证方式为 PASS ,pass 为7777 ，必须相同(防止 有用户恶意伪造 vrrp)
    

28.         auth_pass 7777
    

29.     }
    

30.     virtual_ipaddress {
    

31.         192.168.111.60                    ##### 设置虚拟ip ,可以设置多个
    

32.     }
    

33.     
    

34.     track_script {
    

35.     chk_mysql                             ##### 表示该instance 使用chk_mysql进行相关检测
    

36.     }
    

37.   ##### 以下配置 在该实例 转换为 master,slave，或者出错的时候执行的脚本(可以设置邮件通知，或者处理一些其他问题)
    

38.    # notify_master "/etc/keepalived/change_master.sh"

39.    # notify_slave "/etc/keepalived/change_slave.sh"

40.    # notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/change_fault.sh"
    

41. }
    

42. 
    

43. root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# cat keepalived.conf
    

44. ! Configuration File for keepalived
    

45. 
    

46. global_defs {
    

47.    notification_email {
    

48.      horand_gc@163.com
    

49.    }
    

50.    notification_email_from dba@163.com
    

51.    smtp_server smtp.163.com
    

52.    smtp_connect_timeout 30
    

53.    router_id haMySQL
    

54. }
    

55. 
    

56. vrrp_script chk_mysql {
    

57.         script "/etc/keepalived/chk_mysql.sh"
    

58.         interval 1
    

59.         weight 2
    

60. }
    

61. 
    

62. vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    

63.     state BACKUP                            ##### 该主机作为备机 BACKUP 
    

64.     interface eth2
    

65.     virtual_router_id 51
    

66.     priority 99                             ##### 优先级设置 小于 master
    

67.     advert_int 1
    

68.     authentication {
    

69.         auth_type PASS
    

70.         auth_pass 7777
    

71.     }
    

72.     virtual_ipaddress {
    

73.         192.168.111.60
    

74.     }
    

75.     
    

76.     track_script {
    

77.         chk_mysql
    

78.     }
    

79. }
    

80. 
    

81. root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# cat chk_mysql.sh
    

82. #!/bin/bash
    

83. 
    

84. num=`ps -ef |grep mysqld | grep -v grep | wc -l`        ##### 查看mysqld进程数量 ， 正常情况有一个root起的mysqld_safe守护进程，还有一个属于mysql用户的mysqld进程
    

85. [[ $num -eq 2 ]] && exit 0 || exit 1

    3. 故障模拟
       ① 启动 keepalived    

点击(此处)折叠或打开

1. root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# tail /var/log/messages
   

2. Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[24184]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel
   

3. Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[24184]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
   

4. Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[24184]: Configuration is using : 7417 Bytes
   

5. Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24185]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
   

6. Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24185]: Configuration is using : 65552 Bytes
   

7. Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24185]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...
   

8. Apr 29 13:45:24 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[24184]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...
   

9. Apr 29 13:45:25 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24185]: VRRP_Script(chk_mysql) succeeded
   

10. Apr 29 13:45:25 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24185]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
    

11. Apr 29 13:45:26 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24185]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
    

12. 
    

13. root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages
    

14. Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[32569]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector
    

15. Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[32569]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel
    

16. Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[32570]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
    

17. Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[32570]: Configuration is using : 65550 Bytes
    

18. Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[32570]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...
    

19. Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[32569]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
    

20. Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[32569]: Configuration is using : 7415 Bytes
    

21. Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[32570]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
    

22. Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[32569]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...
    

23. Apr 29 13:49:27 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[32570]: VRRP_Script(chk_mysql) succeeded

    ip a 可以查看到 vip 192.168.111.60 在 192.168.111.52(master)上
    
    ② 关闭 111.52上面的mysql

点击(此处)折叠或打开

1. root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# mysqladmin shutdown
   

2. root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages
   

3. Apr 29 14:19:30 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Script(chk_mysql) failed
   

4. Apr 29 14:19:32 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received higher prio advert
   

5. Apr 29 14:19:32 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
   

6. 
   

7. root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages
   

8. Apr 29 14:19:55 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[566]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) forcing a new MASTER election
   

9. Apr 29 14:19:56 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[566]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
   

10. Apr 29 14:19:57 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[566]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE

    ip a 可以查看到 vip 192.168.111.60 在 192.168.111.53(master)上

    ③ 启动111.52上面的mysql

点击(此处)折叠或打开

1. root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# mysqld_safe & ; tailf /var/log/messages
   

2. Apr 29 14:24:21 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Script(chk_mysql) succeeded
   

3. Apr 29 14:24:22 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) forcing a new MASTER election
   

4. Apr 29 14:24:23 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
   

5. Apr 29 14:24:24 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[24862]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
   

6. 
   

7. root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages
   

8. Apr 29 14:24:45 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[566]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received higher prio advert
   

9. Apr 29 14:24:45 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[566]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE

    ip a 可以查看到 vip 192.168.111.60 在 192.168.111.52(master)上，也就是说111.52会持续通过track_script的脚本检查 ，若成功的话会恢复原来的优先级100 ，便把vip抢过来了(若不希望优先级高的直接上来直接抢占vip的话 需要再instance 里面配置 nopreempt ,backup无需设置)

虚拟server
    以上是实验是通过 vrrp_script以及trace_script 实现优先级变换来实现故障转移的，现在看下 通过虚拟server怎么实现mysql的高可用
    ① 配置

点击(此处)折叠或打开

1. root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
   

2. ! Configuration File for keepalived
   

3. 
   

4. global_defs {
   

5.    notification_email {
   

6.      tab@taomee.com
   

7.    }
   

8.    notification_email_from dba@taomee.com
   

9.    smtp_server smtp.shidc.taomee.com
   

10.    smtp_connect_timeout 30
    

11.    router_id haMySQL
    

12. }
    

13. 
    

14. vrrp_script chk_mysql {
    

15.     script "/etc/keepalived/chk_mysql.sh"
    

16.     interval 1
    

17.     weight 2
    

18. }
    

19. 
    

20. vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    

21.     state MASTER
    

22.     interface eth2
    

23.     virtual_router_id 51
    

24.     priority 100
    

25.     nopreempt
    

26.     advert_int 1
    

27.     authentication {
    

28.         auth_type PASS
    

29.         auth_pass 7777
    

30.     }
    

31.     virtual_ipaddress {
    

32.         192.168.111.60
    

33.     }
    

34.     
    

35. #    track_script {
    

36. #    chk_mysql
    

37. #    }
    

38. }
    

39. 
    

40. virtual_server 192.168.111.60 3306 {
    

41.     delay_loop 6
    

42.     persistence_timeout 300
    

43.     protocol TCP
    

44. 
    

45. 
    

46.     real_server 192.168.111.52 3306 {
    

47.         weight 1
    

48.         notify_down /etc/keepalived/kill_self.sh

49.         TCP_CHECK {
    

50.             tcp_port 3306
    

51.             connect_timeout 3
    

52.         }
    

53.     }
    

54. 
    

55. }
    

56. 
    

57. root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
    

58. ! Configuration File for keepalived
    

59. 
    

60. global_defs {
    

61.    notification_email {
    

62.      tab@taomee.com
    

63.    }
    

64.    notification_email_from dba@taomee.com
    

65.    smtp_server smtp.shidc.taomee.com
    

66.    smtp_connect_timeout 30
    

67.    router_id haMySQL
    

68. }
    

69. 
    

70. vrrp_script chk_mysql {
    

71.         script "/etc/keepalived/chk_mysql.sh"
    

72.         interval 1
    

73.         weight 2
    

74. }
    

75. 
    

76. vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    

77.     state BACKUP
    

78.     interface eth2
    

79.     virtual_router_id 51
    

80.     priority 99
    

81.     advert_int 1
    

82.     authentication {
    

83.         auth_type PASS
    

84.         auth_pass 7777
    

85.     }
    

86.     virtual_ipaddress {
    

87.         192.168.111.60
    

88.     }
    

89.     
    

90. #    track_script {    #########这里先注释掉 通过追踪脚本的检查
    

91. #        chk_mysql
    

92. #    }
    

93. }
    

94. 
    

95. virtual_server 192.168.111.60 3306 {
    

96.     delay_loop 6
    

97.     persistence_timeout 300
    

98.     protocol TCP
    

99. 
    

100. 
     

101.     real_server 192.168.111.53 3306 {### 真实 服务
     

102.         weight 1                                    #### 权重，用来多真实服务 均衡使用
     

103.         notify_down /etc/keepalived/kill_self.sh    ####在检查该服务不可用时执行该脚本(用来杀死 keepalived 实现 vip 飘逸)

104.         TCP_CHECK {
     

105.                 tcp_port 3306                       #### 检查端口 继承 real_server 192.168.111.53 3306 {### 真实 服务
     

106.             connect_timeout 3                       #### tcp超时时间
     

107.         }
     

108.     }
     

109. 
     

110. }

111. 
     

112. root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# cat /etc/keepalived/kill_self.sh

113. #!/bin/bash

114. killall keepalived

115. 
     

    ②启动keepalived

点击(此处)折叠或打开

1. root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# keepalived
   

2. root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages
   

3. Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20482]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
   

4. Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20482]: Configuration is using : 64590 Bytes
   

5. Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20482]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...
   

6. Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[20481]: IPVS: Scheduler not found
   

7. Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost kernel: IPVS: Scheduler module ip_vs_ not found
   

8. Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[20481]: IPVS: Service not defined
   

9. Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[20481]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...
   

10. Apr 29 14:48:22 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[20481]: Activating healthchecker for service [192.168.111.52]:3306
    

11. Apr 29 14:48:23 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20482]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
    

12. Apr 29 14:48:24 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[20482]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
    

13. 
    

14. root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# keepalived
    

15. root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages
    

16. Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[25092]: Configuration is using : 11673 Bytes
    

17. Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[25093]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
    

18. Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[25093]: Configuration is using : 64568 Bytes
    

19. Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[25093]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...
    

20. Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[25093]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
    

21. Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost kernel: IPVS: Scheduler module ip_vs_ not found
    

22. Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[25092]: IPVS: Scheduler not found
    

23. Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[25092]: IPVS: Service not defined
    

24. Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[25092]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...
    

25. Apr 29 14:48:51 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[25092]: Activating healthchecker for service [192.168.111.53]:3306

    此时 ip a 命令可以查看虚拟ip 111.60 在111.52(master) 上
   
    ③关闭 111.52上的mysql

点击(此处)折叠或打开

1. root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# mysqladmin shutdown
   

2. 2017-04-29T07:07:38.121123Z mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /opt/mysql/mysqld.pid ended
   

3. [1]+  Done                    mysqld_safe
   

4. root@192.168.111.52:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages
   

5. Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[23405]: TCP connection to [192.168.111.52]:3306 failed !!!
   

6. Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[23405]: Removing service [192.168.111.52]:3306 from VS [192.168.111.60]:3306
   

7. Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[23405]: IPVS: Service not defined
   

8. Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[23405]: Executing [/etc/keepalived/kill_self.sh] for service [192.168.111.52]:3306 in VS [192.168.111.60]:3306
   

9. Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[23405]: Lost quorum 1-0=1 > 0 for VS [192.168.111.60]:3306
   

10. Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[23405]: Remote SMTP server [0.0.0.0]:25 connected.
    

11. Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived[23404]: Stopping Keepalived v1.2.7 (02/21,2013)
    

12. Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[23405]: IPVS: No such service
    

13. Apr 29 15:07:31 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[23406]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) sending 0 priority
    

14. 
    

15. root@192.168.111.53:keepalived# tailf /var/log/messages
    

16. Apr 29 15:07:32 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26815]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
    

17. Apr 29 15:07:33 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26815]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE

    此时 ip a 命令可以看到虚拟ip 111.60在111.53(新master)上

以上是“MySQL高可用之keepalived方案的示例分析”这篇文章的所有内容，感谢各位的阅读！相信大家都有了一定的了解，希望分享的内容对大家有所帮助，如果还想学习更多知识，欢迎关注亿速云行业资讯频道！