mysql用户的管理

mysql用户的管理

一、查看当前的连接帐号信息

1.1、查看当前数据库的以连接的帐号信息

使用命令：show processlist

MySQL [(none)]> show processlist;

+--------+-------------+---------------------+--------+---------+------+----------+------------------+

| Id     | User        | Host                | db     | Command | Time | State    | Info             |

+--------+-------------+---------------------+--------+---------+------+----------+------------------+

| 232091 | zabbix      | 172.17.207.88:558 | zabbix | Sleep   |   20 |          | NULL             |

1.2、查看当前使用的是什么帐号登录

使用命令select user()命令进行查看

MySQL [(none)]> select user();

+--------------------+

| user()             |

+--------------------+

| root@172.17.37.88 |

+--------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL [(none)]>

二、创建用户

2.1、新用户的创建

使用creat user命令创建用户并创建密码

列子：create user 'zhang'@'localhost' identified by 'zhang';

• 创建zhang用户可以使用任意地址访问并设置密码为zhang

MySQL [(none)]> create user 'zhang'@'%' identified by 'zhang';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

MySQL [(none)]>

• 设置完成后查看是否创建成功

MySQL [(none)]> select user,host from mysql.user;

+-------------+----------------+

| user        | host           |

+-------------+----------------+

| jumpserver  | %              |

| root        | %              |

| wordpress   | %              |

| zabbix      | 39.106.3.162 |

| %           | localhost      |

| zhang       | localhost      |

+-------------+----------------+

9 rows in set (0.01 sec)

MySQL [(none)]>

• 使用新创建的用户zhang进行登录并查看数据库

[root@iZ2zegql6fupnhn8aei0bgZ ~]# mysql -uzhang -h220.26.32.14 -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 1204

Server version: 5.6.35 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

• 查看数据库

MySQL [(none)]> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database           |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| test               |

+--------------------+

2 rows in set (0.02 sec)

MySQL [(none)]>

三、删除数据库帐号

使用drop user 命令删除用户

MySQL [(none)]> drop user 'zhang'@'localhost';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MySQL [(none)]>

四、重命名用户

4.1、使用rename user命令进行修改重命名用户

MySQL [(none)]> rename user 'zhang'@'%c' to 'zhang'@'%' ;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> select user,host from mysql.user;

+-------------+-------------------+

| user        | host              |

+-------------+-------------------+

| root        | %                 |

| user_name   | %                 |

| xuchangming | %                 |

| zhang       | %                 |

| root        | 127.0.0.1         |

| root        | ::1               |

|             | instance-jvfp1b6r |

| root        | instance-jvfp1b6r |

| root        | localhost         |

| xuchangming | localhost         |

+-------------+-------------------+

10 rows in set (0.01 sec)

MySQL [(none)]>

五、授权帐号

5.1、使用grant 命令进行授权帐号

命令格式为：

grant 权限 privileges on 库.表 to ‘帐号’@‘ip’ [identified by ‘登录密码’]；

库表权限说明：

on *.*     ：管理员权限，任何数据库都可以操作

on db_name.* ：指定对某个库进行操作，只有某个库的权限

on db_name.tables_name：指定某一个库中的一个表有操作权限

on db_name.routine_name：指定某个库的存储过程或者存储函数

5.2、使用命令 show grants命令查看权限

SQL [(none)]> show grants;

+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for root@%                                                                                                              |

+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*0FC3121124C80F34B383F5FCA33F0D68B6AFA1C0' WITH GRANT OPTION |

+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.01 sec)

MySQL [(none)]>

5.3、列子

5.3.1、授权所有权限【管理员权限】给某一个帐号

创建boos用户并设置登录密码为boss，对所有库和表授权所有操作并允许所有地址连接

MySQL [(none)]> grant all privileges on *.* to 'boos'@'%' identified  by 'boss';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

MySQL [(none)]>

登录查看

[root@iZ2zegql6fupnhn8aei0bgZ ~]# mysql -uboos -h120.76.32.14 -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 1217

Server version: 5.6.35 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MySQL [(none)]> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database           |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| 测试               |

| ceshi              |

| employees          |

| mysql              |

| performance_schema |

| test               |

+--------------------+

7 rows in set (0.01 sec)

MySQL [(none)]>

MySQL [(none)]> select user();

+---------------------+

| user()              |

+---------------------+

| boos@120.76.32.14 |

+---------------------+

1 row in set (0.02 sec)

MySQL [(none)]>

5.3.2、授权所有权限给某一帐号只针对某一个数据库

创建帐号zhang并添加密码zhang，修改权限对 ceshi库的所有操作

MySQL [(none)]> grant all  privileges on ceshi.* to 'zhang'@'%' identified by 'zhang' ;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

MySQL [(none)]>

[root@iZ2zegql6fupnhn8aei0bgZ ~]# mysql -uzhang -h120.76.32.14 -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 1458

Server version: 5.6.35 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MySQL [(none)]> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database           |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| ceshi              |

| test               |

+--------------------+

3 rows in set (0.02 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> show grants;

+-------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for zhang@%                                                |

+-------------------------------------------------------------------+

| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'zhang'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD <secret> |

| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `ceshi`.* TO 'zhang'@'%'                  |

+-------------------------------------------------------------------+

2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> use test;

Database changed

MySQL [test]> show tables;

Empty set (0.02 sec)

5.3.3、授权某一个权限给某一个帐号，只针对有一个数据库进行操作

创建帐号zhang并运行所有ip地址连接并创建密码zhang，设置权限为只对ceshi数据库进行select查询

MySQL [(none)]> grant select  on ceshi.* to 'zhang'@'%' identified by 'zhang';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

MySQL [(none)]>

MySQL [(none)]> show grants;

+-------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for zhang@%                                                |

+-------------------------------------------------------------------+

| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'zhang'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD <secret> |

| GRANT SELECT ON `ceshi`.* TO 'zhang'@'%'                          |

+-------------------------------------------------------------------+

2 rows in set (0.02 sec)

MySQL [(none)]>

使用create 创建表进行测试，是否有权限创建，如下显示则没有创建成功，表示没有权限

MySQL [ceshi]> create table t1;

ERROR 1142 (42000): CREATE command denied to user 'zhang'@'120.76.32.14' for table 't1'

MySQL [ceshi]>

在zhang帐号中添加create创建权限

MySQL [(none)]> grant create  on ceshi.* to 'zhang'@'%' identified by 'zhang';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

查看此帐号权限

MySQL [(none)]> show grants for 'zhang'@'%';

+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for zhang@%                                                                                   |

+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'zhang'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*5D83A6402DF44A7D8EC2B8861B19F8A2F4F3EA2F' |

| GRANT SELECT, CREATE ON `ceshi`.* TO 'zhang'@'%'                                                     |

+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

MySQL [(none)]>

5.3.4、授权某一列

MySQL [ceshi]> grant select(table_name,engine) on test.t to 'zhang'@'localhost';

六、撤销权限

格式命令：revoke 权限 on 库.表 from 'user'@'host';

查看zhang用户目前的权限列表

MySQL [ceshi]> show grants for  'zhang'@'%';

+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for zhang@%                                                                                   |

+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'zhang'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*5D83A6402DF44A7D8EC2B8861B19F8A2F4F3EA2F' |

| GRANT SELECT, CREATE ON `ceshi`.* TO 'zhang'@'%'                                                     |

+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

2 rows in set (0.02 sec)

MySQL [ceshi]>

把zhang用户的create的权限删掉，使其不能使用create创建

MySQL [ceshi]> revoke create on ceshi.* from 'zhang'@'%';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

MySQL [ceshi]> show grants for  'zhang'@'%';

+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for zhang@%                                                                                   |

+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'zhang'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*5D83A6402DF44A7D8EC2B8861B19F8A2F4F3EA2F' |

| GRANT SELECT ON `ceshi`.* TO 'zhang'@'%'                                                             |

+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

MySQL [ceshi]>

七、修改帐号的密码

格式命令：set password for 'user'@'host' = password('NEW-password');

MySQL [ceshi]> set password for 'zhang'@'%' = password('boss');

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

八、如何对一个帐号进行资源限制

资源可以包括为：

resource_option: {

| MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR count

| MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR count

| MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR count

| MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS count

每一个小时的链接次数

每一个帐号每一个小时的查询多少次

每一个帐号每一个小时更新多少次

每一个帐号每一个小时并发链接多少次

8.1、每一个小时不能超过2次查询

MySQL [ceshi]> grant all privileges on *.* to 'boss'@'%' with  MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR 2;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

MySQL [ceshi]>

九、找回密码

[root@iZ2ze2rrr9fg73mstmet9tZ ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &

[root@iZ2ze2rrr9fg73mstmet9tZ ~]#mysql

清空root密码

MySQL [ceshi]> update user set password='' where user='root' and host='localhost'