主节点:
启动二进制日志
为当前节点设置一个全局唯一的ID号(server-id)
从节点:
启动中继日志
为当前节点设置一个全局唯一的ID号
编辑配置文件/etc/my.cnf,添加以下内容
[mysqld]
log_bin=1
server_id=1
innodb_file_per_table=on
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'repluser'@'192.168.182.132' IDENTIFIED BY 'replpass';
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
编辑配置文件/etc/my.cnf,添加以下内容
[mysqld]
relay_log=relay_log
relay_log_index=relay_log.index
server_id=7
skip_name_resolve=1
使用有复制权限的用户账号连接至主服务器
MariaDB [(none)]> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.182.130',MASTER_USER='repluser',MASTER_PASSWORD='replpass',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000075',MASTER_LOG_POS=245;
启动复制线程
MariaDB [(none)]> START SLAVE;
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.182.130
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000075
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 245
Relay_Log_File: 1.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 529
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000075
Slave_IO_Running: Yes ##io线程启动了
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes ## sql线程启动了
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 245
Relay_Log_Space: 809
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
限制从服务器为只读
限制从服务器为只读,在从服务器上设置read_only=on,想要永久有效,就写在配置文件中,但是此限制对拥有SUPER权限的用户均无效
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'read_only';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| read_only | OFF |
+---------------+-------+
MariaDB [(none)]> SET GLOBAL read_only=1;
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH TABLE WITH READ LOCK;
如何保证主从复制的事务安全?
在master节点启用参数
sync_binlog=
如果用到的是InnoDB存储引擎
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit
innodb_support_xa
skip_slave_start=on
slave节点上的两个文件
master.info文件中保存了slave连接至master时的相关信息,例如主服务器的ip地址,复制使用的用户,密码,端口,以及当前同步的二进制日志文件和位置
[root@backserver data]# cat relay-log.info
./1.000002
693
mysql-bin.000075
409
复制的监控和维护:
清理日志:使用PURGE命令,清理之前确保数据已经备份过了
复制监控
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW BINARY LOGS;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 483 |
| mysql-bin.000002 | 264 |
| mysql-bin.000003 | 264 |
| mysql-bin.000004 | 264 |
| mysql-bin.000005 | 990 |
| mysql-bin.000006 | 514 |
| mysql-bin.000007 | 264 |
| mysql-bin.000008 | 245 |
| mysql-bin.000009 | 245 |
+------------------+-----------+
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW BINLOG EVENTS;
+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info |
+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 4 | Format_desc | 1 | 245 | Server ver: 5.5.45-MariaDB-log, Binlog ver: 4 |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 245 | Query | 1 | 315 | BEGIN |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 315 | Intvar | 1 | 343 | INSERT_ID=9 |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 343 | Query | 1 | 456 | use `S_SC_C`; INSERT INTO S (sname,sdept) VALUES ('xiao','MA') |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 456 | Xid | 1 | 483 | COMMIT /* xid=43 */ |
+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW MASTER STATUS;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000009 | 245 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW PROCESSLIST;
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+----------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | Progress |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+----------+
| 5 | root | localhost | NULL | Query | 0 | NULL | SHOW PROCESSLIST | 0.000 |
| 6 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 3850 | Waiting for master to send event | NULL | 0.000 |
| 7 | system user | | NULL | Connect | 3806 | Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it | NULL | 0.000 |
+----+-------------+-----------+------+---------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+----------+
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G
从服务器是否落后与主服务器,在从服务器的salve有Seconds_Behind_Master可以查看
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW SLAVE STATUS
-> \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.182.130
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000079
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 334
Relay_Log_File: 1.000006
Relay_Log_Pos: 618
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000079
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB: MYDB
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 334
Relay_Log_Space: 1182
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 #从服务器落后与主服务器多长时间
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
确定主从节点数据是否一致,使用一些工具,例如percona-tools
在主节点上有一个参数,设置为1表示每一次dump事件到从节点的时候,本地的master.info信息要立即同步到磁盘上,让从节点的master.info及时得到更新,
MariaDB [(none)]> SET GLOBAL sync_master_info=1;
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE 'sync_master_info';
+------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+------------------+-------+
| sync_master_info | 1 |
+------------------+-------+
遇到的问题:
数据不一致,这时,我们可能就需要将数据可靠性比较高的服务器留下来,根据保留的mysql服务器重新再做一个从服务器
对于自动增长的字段,如果一个主节点是1,2,3,...,另一个主节点也是1,2,3,...,那么合并的时候就会出现问题,所以,我们可以让一个节点的自动增长的字段使用偶数id,另一个主节点使用奇数id,这样合并的时候就不会出现问题
奇数id的设置
auto_increment_offset=1 #表示从1开始
auto_increment_increment=2 #表示一次增长2个
auto_increment_offset=2
auto_increment_increment=2
各节点使用一个唯一的server_id
都启动binary log和relay log
创建拥有复制权限的用户账号
其中一个节点为:
编辑配置文件
log_bin=1
server_id=1
innodb_file_per_table=on
relay_log=relay-log
relay_log_index=relay-log.index
auto_increment_offset=1
auto_increment_increment=2
创建用户账号
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'repluser'@'192.168.182.132' IDENTIFIED BY 'replpass';
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
MariaDB [(none)]> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.182.132',MASTER_USER='repluser',MASTER_PASSWORD='replpass',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000006',MASTER_LOG_POS=245;
MariaDB [(none)]> START SLAVE;
在另一个主节点上的操作:
编辑配置文件
[mysqld]
bin_log=1
relay_log=1
relay_log_index=relay-log.index
server_id=7
auto_increment_offset=2
auto_increment_increment=2
创建具有复制权限的用户账号
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'repluser'@'192.168.182.130' IDENTIFIED BY 'replpass';
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
MariaDB [(none)]> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.182.130',MASTER_USER='repluser',MASTER_PASSWORD='replpass',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000075',MASTER_LOG_POS=665;
MariaDB [(none)]> START SLAVE;
需要用到一个插件,如果是rpm包安装的插件路径在/usrl/lib64/mysql/plugin,我使用二进制格式安装的插件路径是/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin
主节点上的操作
编辑配置文件
[mysqld]
log_bin=1
server_id=1
innodb_file_per_table=on
plugin_dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin
添加具有复制权限的用户账号
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'repluser'@'192.168.182.132' IDENTIFIED BY 'replpass';
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
安装插件
MariaDB [(none)]> INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_master SONAME 'semisync_master.so';
查看有哪些插件
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW PLUGINS;
查看半同步相关的变量
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE '%semi%';
+------------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+------------------------------------+-------+
| rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled | OFF |
| rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout | 10000 |
| rpl_semi_sync_master_trace_level | 32 |
| rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_no_slave | ON |
+------------------------------------+-------+
rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled:为OFF表示禁用为半同步复制的主节点
rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout:表示等待从服务器应答的超时时长,默认是10s,如果超过这个时间从服务器没有给主服务器应答,那么就降级为异步方式运行,不再等待
rpl_semi_sync_master_trace_level:表示跟踪级别
rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_no_slave:表示在没有从节点的时候是否要等待,on为等待
MariaDB [(none)]> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1;
从节点上的操作:
编辑配置文件
[mysqld]
relay_log=1
relay_log_index=relay-log.index
server_id=7
skip_name_resolve=1
plugin_dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin/
使用具有复制权限的用户账号连接至主节点
MariaDB [(none)]> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.182.130',MASTER_USER='rpluser',MASTER_PASSWORD='replpass',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000078',MASTER_LOG_POS=245;
安装插件
MariaDB [(none)]> INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_slave SONAME 'semisync_slave.so';
查看半同步相关的变量
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE '%semi%';
+---------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------------------+-------+
| rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled | OFF |
| rpl_semi_sync_slave_trace_level | 32 |
+---------------------------------+-------+
启用半同步
MariaDB [(none)]> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled=1;
MariaDB [(none)]> START SLAVE;
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GLOBAL STATUS LIKE '%semi%';
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients | 1 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_avg_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_waits | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_times | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_tx | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_status | ON |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_timefunc_failures | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_avg_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_waits | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_pos_backtraverse | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_sessions | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_yes_tx | 0 |
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
# Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients为0表示没有,为1表示有
让从节点仅复制指定的数据库,或指定数据库的指定表
有两种实现方式:
主服务器仅向二进制日志中记录与特定数据库(特定表)相关的事件,但是可能会导致时间点还原无法实现(毕竟二进制日志记录的事件是不完全的),不建议使用
binlog_do_db #指定只记录哪些数据库的相关修改操作到二进制日志文件中,可以指定一个列表,使用逗号隔开
binlog_ignore_db #指定只忽略哪些不记录,其他都记录,可以指定一个列表,使用逗号隔开
从服务器SQL_THREAD在replay中继日志中的事件时,仅读取与特定数据库(特定表)相关的事件并应用与本地;但是会造成网络及磁盘io浪费
replicate_do_db= #该处指定的数据库的相关事件都要进行复制
replicate_ignore_db=
replicate_do_table=
replicate_ignore_table=
replicate_wild_do_table= #在指定表的时候可以使用通配符
replcate_wild_ignore_table=
#在从服务器上进行的操作
MariaDB [(none)]> SET GLOBAL replicate_do_db='MYDB';
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE '%replicate%';
+----------------------------------+-----------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------------------+-----------+
| replicate_annotate_row_events | OFF |
| replicate_do_db | MYDB |
| replicate_do_table | |
| replicate_events_marked_for_skip | replicate |
| replicate_ignore_db | |
| replicate_ignore_table | |
| replicate_wild_do_table | |
| replicate_wild_ignore_table | |
+----------------------------------+-----------+
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G;
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