【Oracle ASM】关于asm实例与db实例中的磁盘状态_详细分析过程

现象描述ITPUB个人空间O Q9g.B,c/j
操作系统：Oracle Enterprise Linux 5.5ITPUB个人空间z7f$Lu#\"f V
数据库：oracle 10.2.0.4 RAC+ASM
%r*T4a9[x8Zd)^%i
C27042095进入到DB数据库实例中，查询v$asm_disk视图中的header_status状态为UNKNOWN。

SQL> select group_number, name, mount_status, header_status from v$asm_disk where group_number in (1,2);

GROUP_NUMBER NAME                           MOUNT_STATUS    HEADER_STATU
G+s zs"|*rcQo27042095------------ ------------------------------ -----------    ------------
;^MN+l:R!E x N0J27042095           1 DG_DATA_0000                   OPENED          UNKNOWN
1~ O.D*} _
b#o27042095           2 VOLK                           OPENED          UNKNOWN

ITPUB个人空间D']*n8AWl
进入到asm实例中，查询v$asm_disk视图中的 header_status状态为MEMBER。
"q^4Ey@'l6N27042095SQL> select group_number, name, mount_status, header_status from v$asm_disk where group_number in (1,2);

GROUP_NUMBER NAME                 MOUNT_STATUS   HEADER_STATUS
^ r2|"@!H!dw.[27042095------------ -------------------- -------------- ------------------------
w_$AVz.K'T9h37042095           1 DG_DATA_0000         CACHED         MEMBER
.BAH ? H W5?+R27042095           2 VOLK                 CACHED         MEMBER

可以看到，此视图在asm实例和db 实例中都能查询到。在这两个视图中看到的HEADER_STATUS是不一样的。
GU'p \hF27042095db 实例 中header_status返回 UNKNOWNITPUB个人空间"E;B1^Z&}3?y\
asm实例 中header_status返回MEMBER
M`b%~/|
O3J27042095另外，mount_status的值分别为“OPENED”和“CACHED”，本文就不分析了，思路相同。

分析过程

我们看看官方文档对 v$asm_disk中的字段header_status的说明：ITPUB个人空间? i:Ns X q
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e17110/dynviews_1024.htm

UNKNOWN - Automatic Storage Management disk header has not been read

MEMBER - Disk is a member of an existing disk group. No attempt should be made to add the disk to a different disk group. The ALTER DISKGROUP statement will reject such an addition unless overridden with the FORCE option.

再看一下这个视图在ASM实例和DB实例中各自的的作用及区别：

http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e17110/dynviews_1024.htm

接下来，我们看看这两个v$asm_disk在内部是不是相同的，来胧去脉如何？

1、 首先检查db和asm实例中的 v$asm_disk视图的结构信息是否相同

--db实例

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=racdb1ITPUB个人空间s m6b U#aR T \o
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Feb 15 23:08:51 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.

ITPUB个人空间 W-a;f A\&a I&|
Connected to:ITPUB 个人空间v2eU4_:av
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - ProductionITPUB个人空间$V)MQj n;s
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining
*c7L@-BU o+k27042095and Real Application Testing options

SQL> desc v$asm_disk;
K'P0] Sq"r27042095 Name                                      Null?    TypeITPUB个人空间?_Mv/d
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
)x Q5XI^(_27042095 GROUP_NUMBER                                       NUMBERITPUB个人空间Wz+so,G
 DISK_NUMBER                                        NUMBER
$w1JP7e9i F5\27042095 COMPOUND_INDEX                                     NUMBER
8e#{.B3H_wz!n c27042095 INCARNATION                                        NUMBER
"lL%d^9~/R,FC d@27042095 MOUNT_STATUS                                       VARCHAR2(7)ITPUB个人空间_TF Op#D*xo
 HEADER_STATUS                                      VARCHAR2(12)ITPUB个人空间s2n z P)X{)n2U(P.S-_
 MODE_STATUS                                        VARCHAR2(7)
2C-fa\$]O27042095 STATE                                              VARCHAR2(8)
7B,bi1I,WKF-_27042095 REDUNDANCY                                         VARCHAR2(7)ITPUB个人空间bS \yl(KK
 LIBRARY                                            VARCHAR2(64)ITPUB个人空间9l3OjPm
 TOTAL_MB                                           NUMBER
*V2JQJ(XKy;F D27042095 FREE_MB                                            NUMBER
cAe|1D`27042095 NAME                                               VARCHAR2(30)
"mL0ro%P \b
@b8n27042095 FAILGROUP                                          VARCHAR2(30)ITPUB个人空间h`Vg)b[U9{_
 LABEL                                              VARCHAR2(31)
'Q/g.|,z]9o P27042095 PATH                                               VARCHAR2(256)ITPUB个人空间9h2F-`2nY
lz
 UDID                                               VARCHAR2(64)
s}MlIv mAN!rc27042095 PRODUCT                                            VARCHAR2(32)ITPUB个人空间kb2N j8b1R1\b oa
 CREATE_DATE                                        DATE
$s"a kHo3Z27042095 MOUNT_DATE                                         DATE
#~kg-k/}$Y I"A27042095 REPAIR_TIMER                                       NUMBER
;zR z3p?7U0T[-Y"u27042095 READS                                              NUMBERITPUB个人空间$} x?~ @2L*u9[I
 WRITES                                             NUMBERITPUB个人空间6w'L,U3J/\n(j
 READ_ERRS                                          NUMBER
P \ ^I2D27042095 WRITE_ERRS                                         NUMBER
&JDs&pyt27042095 READ_TIME                                          NUMBERITPUB个人空间sS Oa8k@
 WRITE_TIME                                         NUMBERITPUB个人空间u,br0D/oI U)Q�C
 BYTES_READ                                         NUMBER
q/Y1V!W+A;D"j27042095 BYTES_WRITTEN                                      NUMBER

--asm实例：ITPUB 个人空间*JK ?Is6@1@ X V`'r
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1
sAy&Ef S d27042095[oracle@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Feb 15 23:08:26 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.

ITPUB个人空间aG#HUc
Connected to:ITPUB个人空间KB?KzDh(B"~
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - ProductionITPUB个人空间m z._w4vZ"p`
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data MiningITPUB个人空间Q
jo.aq"[c
and Real Application Testing options

SQL> desc v$asm_disk;ITPUB个人空间9|/ia3s
R:^h%q
 Name                                      Null?    Type
/D
S%AS5M#LH3S*?27042095 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
8WY1ZMO6GlH~*g27042095 GROUP_NUMBER                                       NUMBER
d*{K_zB#_;x0s27042095 DISK_NUMBER                                        NUMBERITPUB个人空间qX1S X�Fl`'cp
 COMPOUND_INDEX                                     NUMBER
R2M1bZi c2EF27042095 INCARNATION                                        NUMBER
/Qx @ sN*b%UxD27042095 MOUNT_STATUS                                       VARCHAR2(7)
2LAk"F~$YM6p27042095 HEADER_STATUS                                      VARCHAR2(12)ITPUB个人空间0l`x?:~%`t"`
 MODE_STATUS                                        VARCHAR2(7)ITPUB个人空间 iBm_%?$J;_Wkf
 STATE                                              VARCHAR2(8)
O#RX:Qm[6C27042095 REDUNDANCY                                         VARCHAR2(7)ITPUB个人空间+B-d0aB E'x]
 LIBRARY                                            VARCHAR2(64)ITPUB个人空间 ^L[Q|.i~
 TOTAL_MB                                           NUMBERITPUB个人空间,A5TU'sWo(H
 FREE_MB                                            NUMBER
o&B#w|7xA(H |2^27042095 NAME                                               VARCHAR2(30)
w._e;Lyw|27042095 FAILGROUP                                          VARCHAR2(30)ITPUB个人空间Il {5vd!J:GO
 LABEL                                              VARCHAR2(31)
N
z"_7Rf$C f1K+[%Z27042095 PATH                                               VARCHAR2(256)ITPUB个人空间\ h-y)V9k([3D|%R
 UDID                                               VARCHAR2(64)ITPUB个人空间~ n5K;pC Ag gy^
 PRODUCT                                            VARCHAR2(32)ITPUB个人空间7Z)hT)o*S {^
 CREATE_DATE                                        DATEITPUB个人空间7KpBA Z
 MOUNT_DATE                                         DATEITPUB个人空间![,}mD9@ Qz{
 REPAIR_TIMER                                       NUMBER
M5\+K fO8b27042095 READS                                              NUMBERITPUB个人空间:SkF?/S*j!sY M
 WRITES                                             NUMBERITPUB个人空间0P6aa,o6^%g%\
 READ_ERRS                                          NUMBER
4G+t U D,m%l27042095 WRITE_ERRS                                         NUMBER
/k/V1x`0q6J#w}8s27042095 READ_TIME                                          NUMBERITPUB个人空间['K$Q],ovi^r
 WRITE_TIME                                         NUMBERITPUB个人空间uSOEj
 BYTES_READ                                         NUMBER
C�^T:{2U_Z }C27042095 BYTES_WRITTEN                                      NUMBER

从上面可知，结构信息相同。

2、 检查db和asm实例中的v$asm_diskgroup视图的底层表及相关信息

可以采取以下两种方法：

第一：通过 sql_trace或event事件。
{ i8Ya+[;`27042095第二：使用autotrace功能。

--db实例：（以autotrace为例来说明）

SQL> set autotrace on
!J-pj)B\27042095--dbITPUB个人空间 \ Q u/h:XK_#\+y+r@
SQL> select group_number, name, mount_status, header_status from v$asm_disk where header_status='UNKNOWN';

GROUP_NUMBER NAME                           MOUNT_S HEADER_STATUITPUB个人空间Id0o|+["I
------------ ------------------------------ ------- ------------ITPUB个人空间T
Z'G(@sP)EMo
           1 DG_DATA_0000                   OPENED  UNKNOWN
?c
\Wzt27042095           2 VOLK                           OPENED  UNKNOWN

--asm:

SQL> select group_number, name, mount_status, header_status from v$asm_disk where header_status='MEMBER;

SQL> select group_number, name, mount_status, header_status from v$asm_disk where header_status='MEMBER';

GROUP_NUMBER NAME                 MOUNT_STATUS   HEADER_STATUSITPUB个人空间0^/zk L0O3u`,v
------------ -------------------- -------------- ------------------------
M8zb+Xi;W:KE27042095           3 DG_RECOVERY_0000     CACHED         MEMBERITPUB 个人空间Wb\V#[ N#F
           1 DG_DATA_0000         CACHED         MEMBER
J4N,R\S
h"BH'U t27042095           4 VOLG                 CACHED         MEMBERITPUB个人空间8iQ;} H\(\3r!c
\
           4 VOLH                 CACHED         MEMBERITPUB个人空间:[@/L q]z `
           2 VOLK                 CACHED         MEMBER

5Qm;WD"G_w1~ p-Th37042095Execution Plan
8C[;P:mV:}5~ A^d27042095----------------------------------------------------------
,g"c3D'PXC2k27042095Plan hash value: 2910262982

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------ITPUB个人空间%]R!~:qD�p,G
| Id  | Operation         | Name    | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
4k OP&j_3K.~9}+k(~27042095-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
m7STF;X%E|`27042095|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT  |         |     1 |    77 |     1 (100)| 00:00:01 |ITPUB个人空间XD+ah5oI:g
|*  1 |  HASH JOIN OUTER  |         |     1 |    77 |     1 (100)| 00:00:01 |ITPUB个人空间�C)m!RY ]
|*  2 |   FIXED TABLE FULL| X$KFDSK |     1 |    73 |     0   (0)| 00:00:01 |ITPUB个人空间"u
`k[#l:|
E5R
|   3 |   FIXED TABLE FULL| X$KFKID |   100 |   400 |     0   (0)| 00:00:01 |
-OR)RM)Nx1L27042095-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):ITPUB 个人空间PX xi1\\
---------------------------------------------------

   1 - access("D"."KFKID_KFDSK"="K"."IDPTR_KFKID"(+))ITPUB个人空间n_/yOja
   2 - filter("D"."MNTSTS_KFDSK"<>0 ANDITPUB 个人空间;IJ gH[:^(f
              DECODE("D"."HDRSTS_KFDSK",1,'UNKNOWN',2,'CANDIDATE',3,'MEMBER',4,'FORMERITPUB个人空间8ry _9|C:hQ
              ',5,'CONFLICT',6,'INCOMPATIBLE',7,'PROVISIONED',8,'FOREIGN','INVALID')='ITPUB个人空间@#wq/U&b/b
dL
              UNKNOWN' AND "D"."INST_ID"=USERENV('INSTANCE'))ITPUB个人空间 {Z%mu$g
    

//从这里可以看出来，v$asm_disk是由oracle的内部表X$KFDSK与X$KFKID关联由来，而 HEADER_STATUS的状态是由X$KFDSK中的数字1-8分别获取。

// 如果使用sql_trace和10046事件都可查出底层表。可参数“关于asm实例与db实例中的_磁盘组状态_的分析(20120215)”一文。

从上面分析发现，asm和db实例中的v$asm_disk视图均是来自个Oracle内部表X$KFDSK与 X$KFKID的关联。

下面分别在ASM和db实例中查询一下X$KFDSK 的内容，看是否有异同之处：

经过查询，两个基础表的内容果容不同，那么我们查出v$asm_disk的HEADER_STATUS状态，就是在这里的HDRSTS_KFDSK调用了。

--db实例：ITPUB个人空间 l*NS
m,V W Tf2H/j
SQL> SQL> select GRPNUM_KFDSK, ASMNAME_KFDSK, HDRSTS_KFDSK from X$KFDSK where GRPNUM_KFDSK in (1,2) ;

GRPNUM_KFDSK ASMNAME_KFDSK                  HDRSTS_KFDSK
glY3x `Z+gX27042095------------ ------------------------------                         ------------
~7\}Kw"g27042095           1 DG_DATA_0000                               1ITPUB个人空间 x.JauKVWa#e`o
           2 VOLK                                        1

ITPUB个人空间8x`z;\ J6HV3M
--asm实例：

SQL> select GRPNUM_KFDSK, ASMNAME_KFDSK, HDRSTS_KFDSK from X$KFDSK where GRPNUM_KFDSK in (1,2) ;

GRPNUM_KFDSK ASMNAME_KFDSK                         HDRSTS_KFDSKITPUB个人空间$N FjOL%fD&Ms
------------ ------------------------------------------------------------            ------------ITPUB个人空间X&F.dc(sn'J
           1 DG_DATA_0000                                      3
.|-c0o bv8_2Mv27042095           2 VOLK                                               3

ITPUB个人空间x c7k&mA
这里的结果，正好对应上面autotrace的结果1,'UNKNOWN'',3,'MEMBER'，既然知道 v$asm_disk的HEADER_STATUS状态的底层调用，那么“1,'UNKNOWN'',3,'MEMBER'”这些数字与状态之关的关系如何得来呢，当X$KFDSK的HDRSTS_KFDSK为1时，那么通过什么过程让v$asm_disk的HEADER_STATUS显示为 “UNKNOWN'”呢，继续往下看：

a$T$GW,Ar�r27042095--db实例：

SQL> select view_definition from v$fixed_view_definition where view_name='V$ASM_DISK';

select   group_number, disk_number, compound_index, incarnation,   mount_status,
0k!IMj+Iy/P.RE{27042095 header_status, mode_status, state, redundancy, library,   total_mb, free_mb, naITPUB个人空间%C0G(F%rSN/c,h(u
me, failgroup, label, path, udid, product,   create_date, mount_date, repair_timITPUB个人空间;` zC-a/V(j;gm
er, reads, writes, read_errs,   write_errs, read_time, write_time, bytes_read, bITPUB个人空间#pW)]Y3S/z
f,L
ytes_written  from gv$asm_disk  where inst_id = USERENV('Instance')

这里可以看出v$asm_disk视图是由gv$asm_diskg视图创建。ITPUB个人空间m [\ W r*IQ
//在这里说明"INST_ID"=USERENV('INSTANCE')),这是获取当前实例环境下的信息，v$与 gv$区别就在这里。

SQL> select view_definition from v$fixed_view_definition where view_name='GV$ASM_DISK';

VIEW_DEFINITIONITPUB个人空间&m?+\dS0J
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3@6V/y;t$|8a$E27042095select   d.inst_id, d.grpnum_kfdsk, d.number_kfdsk,   d.compound_kfdsk, d.incarn_kfdsk,   decode(d.mntsts_kfdsk,    1, 'MISSING', 2, 'CLOSED', 3, 'OPENED', 4, 'CACHED',    5, 'IGNORED', 6, 'IGNORED', 7, 'CLOSING', 'INVALID'),   decode(d.hdrsts_kfdsk,    1, 'UNKNOWN', 2, 'CANDIDATE', 3, 'MEMBER', 4, 'FORMER',    5, 'CONFLICT', 6, 'INCOMPATIBLE', 7, 'PROVISIONED', 8, 'FOREIGN',    'INVALID'),   decode(d.mode_kfdsk,    0, 'UNKNOWN', 4, 'OFFLINE', 5, 'PROTECT', 6, 'PENDING',    7, 'ONLINE', 'INVALID'),   decode(d.state_kfdsk,    1, 'UNKNOWN', 2, 'NORMAL', 3, 'FAILING', 4, 'DROPPING',    5, 'HUNG', 6, 'FORCING', 7, 'DROPPED', 8, 'ADDING', 'INVALID'),   decode(d.redun_kfdsk,        16, 'UNPROT', 17, 'UNPROT', 18, 'MIRROR', 19, 'MIRROR',    20, 'MIRROR', 21, 'MIRROR', 22, 'MIRROR', 23, 'MIRROR',    32, 'PARITY', 33, 'PARITY', 34, 'PARITY', 35, 'PARITY',        36, 'PARITY', 37, 'PARITY', 38, 'PARITY', 39, 'PARITY',    'UNKNOWN'),   d.libnam_kfdsk, d.totmb_kfdsk, d.totmb_kfdsk - d.usedmb_kfdsk,   d.asmname_kfdsk, d.failname_kfdsk, d.label_kfdsk, d.path_kfdsk,   d.udid_kfdsk, d.product_kfdsk, d.crdate_kfdsk, d.mtdate_kfdsk,   d.timer_kfdsk,   k.read_kfkid, k.write_kfkid, k.rerr_kfkid, k.werr_kfkid,   k.rtime_kfkid/1000000, k.wtime_kfkid/1000000,   k.bytesr_kfkid, k.bytesw_kfkid  from x$kfdsk d, x$kfkid k  where d.mntsts_kfdsk != 0 and d.kfkid_kfdsk = k.idptr_kfkid(+) and GRPNUM_KFDSK in (1,2);
;`*}�UI�t-N1x27042095 
^ P:V7Zqt9@27042095--asm实例:

SQL> select view_definition from v$fixed_view_definition where view_name='V$ASM_DISK';

VIEW_DEFINITIONITPUB个人空间2F3`O&Y6D'J
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ITPUB个人空间3G*EVn%PkM#if
select   group_number, disk_number, compound_index, incarnation,   mount_status, header_status, mode_status, state, redundancy, library,   total_mb, free_mb, name, failgroup, label, path, udid, produc
pDN/n2R2M3^27042095t,   create_date, mount_date, repair_timer, reads, writes, read_errs,   write_errs, read_time, write_time, bytes_read, bytes_written  from gv$asm_disk      where inst_id = USERENV('Instance')

这里可以看出v$asm_disk视图是由gv$asm_disk视图创建。

SQL> select view_definition from v$fixed_view_definition where view_name='GV$ASM_DISK';

VIEW_DEFINITIONITPUB个人空间g@8|-x r's YW
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ITPUB个人空间�B]|)F bW
select   d.inst_id, d.grpnum_kfdsk, d.number_kfdsk,   d.compound_kfdsk, d.incarn_kfdsk, decode(d.mntsts_kfdsk,   1, 'MISSING', 2, 'CLOSED', 3, 'OPENED', 4, 'CACHED',    5, 'IGNORED', 6, 'IGNORED',7, 'CLOSING', 'INVALID'),  decode(d.hdrsts_kfdsk,    1, 'UNKNOWN', 2, 'CANDIDATE', 3, 'MEMBER', 4, 'FORMER',    5, 'CONFLICT', 6,'INCOMPATIBLE', 7, 'PROVISIONED', 8, 'FOREIGN',    'INVALID'),   decode(d.mode_kfdsk,    0, 'UNKNOWN', 4,'OFFLINE', 5, 'PROTECT', 6, 'PENDING',    7, 'ONLINE', 'INVALID'),   decode(d.state_kfdsk,    1, 'UNKNOWN', 2,'NORMAL', 3, 'FAILING', 4, 'DROPPING',    5, 'HUNG',6, 'FORCING', 7, 'DROPPED', 8, 'ADDING', 'INVALID'),  decode(d.redun_kfdsk,    16, 'UNPROT', 17, 'UNPROT', 18, 'MIRROR', 19, 'MIRROR',    20, 'MIRROR', 21, 'MIRROR',22, 'MIRROR', 23, 'MIRROR',    32, 'PARITY', 33, 'PARITY', 34, 'PARITY', 35, 'PARITY',    36, 'PARITY', 37, 'PARITY', 38, 'PARITY', 39, 'PARITY',    'UNKNOWN'),   d.libnam_kfdsk, d.totmb_kfdsk, d.totmb_kfdsk - d.usedmb_kfdsk,   d.asmname_kfdsk, d.failname_kfdsk, d.label_kfdsk, d.path_kfdsk,   d.udid_kfdsk,d.product_kfdsk, d.crdate_kfdsk, d.mtdate_kfdsk,   d.timer_kfdsk,       k.read_kfkid, k.write_kfkid, k.rerr_kfkid, k.werr_kfkid,k.rtime_kfkid/1000000, k.wtime_kfkid/1000000,   k.bytesr_kfkid, k.bytesw_kfkid  from x$kfdsk d,x$kfkid k  where d.mntsts_kfdsk != 0 and d.kfkid_kfdsk = k.idptr_kfkid(+)

通过此处则可以发现，asm与db中的GV$ASM_DISK视图又是由x$kfdsk、x$kfkid两张基表关联创建，而且定义都相同。

GV$ASM_DISK视图的定义中，用到了 decode函数，这个函数则定义了1-8数字与不同状态之间的调用关系。

如：decode 函数定义了：hdrsts_kfdsk字段如果值为1，则显示'UNKNOWN'；如果值为3，则显示'MEMBER'，这样就一目了然了。

由于此处使用了decode函数，触发条件不同则显示不同的结果，所以导致了asm与db实例中视图 v$asm_disk的HEADER_STATUS结果不同而已。

但是 Oracle内部又如何去修改1-8这些数据的呢，这些就很难查到了，因为X$表是Oracle数据库的运行基础，在数据库启动时由Oracle应用程序动态创建。

对于内部X$及v$视图的限制，Oracle是通过软件机制实现的，而并非通过数据库权限控制，所以，实际上通常大部用户访问的V$对象，并不是视图，而且是指向V_$视图的同义词，而V_$视图是基于真正的V$视图（这个视图是基于X$表建立的）创建的。