​Oracle数据泵Data Pump导出导入的方法是什么

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Oracle数据泵Data Pump导出导入 

Exp/Imp是Oracle早期推出的数据逻辑备份还原工具，使用简单、功能强大。但是Exp/Imp对一些Oracle新特性支持不是很好，而且对于海量数据备份还原速度还是不能满足要求。于是从10g开始，Oracle推出了数据泵（Data Pump）作为Exp/Imp的升级替代版本。 

使用Data Pump也是可以进行TTS元数据的导出。下面我们将实验使用Data Pump重新做一次。注意：表空间Read Only配置和相关的检查步骤略过。

Data Pump是一个服务端工具，使用的话需要定义directory对象。

SQL> create or replace directory TTSDMP

  2    as '/transtts';

Directory created

SQL> grant read, write on directory ttsdmp to public;

Grant succeeded

导出元数据dmp文件。

[oracle@bsplinux transtts]$ expdp userid=\'/ as sysdba\' transport_tablespaces=ttsind,ttstbl dumpfile=ttsdmp.dmp directory=ttsdmp transport_full_check=y

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Nov 19 20:06:33 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Starting "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01":  userid="/******** AS SYSDBA" transport_tablespaces=ttsind,ttstbl dumpfile=ttsdmp.dmp directory=ttsdmp transport_full_check=y

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/PLUGTS_BLK

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/POST_INSTANCE/PLUGTS_BLK

Master table "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SYS.SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01 is:

  /transtts/ttsdmp.dmp

******************************************************************************

Datafiles required for transportable tablespace TTSIND:

  /u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/o1_mf_ttsind_8bmyjz69_.dbf

Datafiles required for transportable tablespace TTSTBL:

  /u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/o1_mf_ttstbl_8bmyjf3w_.dbf

Job "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully completed at 20:08:02

拷贝数据文件。

[oracle@bsplinux datafile]$ cp /u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/o1_mf_ttstbl_8bmyjf3w_.dbf /transtts

cp /u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/o1_mf_ttsind_8bmyjz69_.dbf /transtts

[oracle@yjz69_.dbf /transttscp /u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/o1_mf_ttsind_8bm

[oracle@bsplinux transtts]$ pwd

/transtts

[oracle@bsplinux transtts]$ ls -l

total 30888

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall     1402 Nov 19 20:08 export.log

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10493952 Nov 19 20:09 o1_mf_ttsind_8bmyjz69_.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 20979712 Nov 19 20:09 o1_mf_ttstbl_8bmyjf3w_.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   106496 Nov 19 20:08 ttsdmp.dmp

标红部分的文件为进行TTS的必要内容。

说明：由于我们在相同的环境下进行测试，所以将表空间删除。

SQL> drop tablespace ttstbl including contents and datafiles;

Tablespace dropped

SQL> drop tablespace ttsind including contents and datafiles;

Tablespace dropped

SQL> select file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files where tablespace_name like 'TTS%';

FILE_NAME                                                                        TABLESPACE_NAME

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------

表空间删除成功。下面进行实际还原过程。

[oracle@bsplinux transtts]$ cp o1_mf_ttsind_8bmyjz69_.dbf /u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/

[oracle@bsplinux transtts]$ cp o1_mf_ttstbl_8bmyjf3w_.dbf /u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/

[oracle@bsplinux datafile]$ ls -l | grep tts

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  10493952 Nov 19 20:15 o1_mf_ttsind_8bmyjz69_.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  20979712 Nov 19 20:15 o1_mf_ttstbl_8bmyjf3w_.dbf

使用impdp工具导入元数据信息。

[oracle@bsplinux transtts]$ impdp userid=\'/ as sysdba\' directory=ttsdmp dumpfile=ttsdmp.dmp transport_datafiles='/u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/o1_mf_ttsind_8bmyjz69_.dbf','/u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/o1_mf_ttstbl_8bmyjf3w_.dbf'

Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Nov 19 20:18:41 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Master table "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01":  userid="/******** AS SYSDBA" directory=ttsdmp dumpfile=ttsdmp.dmp transport_datafiles=/u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/o1_mf_ttsind_8bmyjz69_.dbf,/u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/o1_mf_ttstbl_8bmyjf3w_.dbf

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/PLUGTS_BLK

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/POST_INSTANCE/PLUGTS_BLK

Job "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully completed at 20:18:56

此时，表空间已经导回，对应的数据表也能够还原回去。

SQL> select file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files where tablespace_name like 'TTS%';

FILE_NAME                                                                        TABLESPACE_NAME

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------

/u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/o1_mf_ttsind_8bmyjz69_.dbf                      TTSIND

/u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/o1_mf_ttstbl_8bmyjf3w_.dbf                      TTSTBL

--切换回test用户

SQL> select count(*) from test.t;

  COUNT(*)

----------

     72348

注意：无论是使用exp/imp还是Data Pump，导入对象对应的owner必须存在并且名称一致。如果不存在owner对象，即使使用Data Pump也不会自动将用户重新创建。

7、异平台TTS移植

相同平台类型移植，一直是TTS使用的一个前提条件，也是一个很难逾越的屏蔽。这给TTS的使用带来一些限制。比如，我们不能实现从AIX平台到开放Linux平台的迁移。于是，在10g以上的版本中，我们可以突破这个限制。

下面我们尝试将一个表空间从AIX平台迁移到Linux平台。

在AIX平台上，我们将其作为source database。

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

CORE        11.2.0.1.0         Production

TNS for IBM/AIX RISC System/6000: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

SQL> select count(*),sum(bytes)/1024/1024 from dba_segments where tablespace_name='NBSPOC';

  COUNT(*) SUM(BYTES)/1024/1024

---------- --------------------

       174                  286

SQL> select file_name, tablespace_name from dba_data_files where tablespace_name='NBSPOC';

FILE_NAME                                                                        TABLESPACE_NAME

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------

/nbstdata01/oradata/NBSTEST/NBSTEST/NBSPOCTBL01.dbf                              NBSPOC

NBSPOC表空间中包括174个对象，约286M数据。下面设置表空间Read Only和平台检查。

SQL> alter tablespace nbspoc read only;

Tablespace altered

SQL> select PLATFORM_NAME from v$database;

PLATFORM_NAME

------------------------------

AIX-Based Systems (64-bit)

我们从v$transportable_platform视图中，可以看出AIX-Based Systems(64-bit)属于Big类型。而Target目标Linux为Little类型。所以，我们在进行跨平台迁移。

注意：跨平台迁移也需要满足字符集相同的要求。

元数据导出我们计划使用expdp，所以配置directory对象。

oracle:/ftptemp>cd trans

oracle:/ftptemp/trans>ls -l

total 0

oracle:/ftptemp/trans>pwd

/ftptemp/trans

oracle:/ftptemp/trans>

SQL> create directory dmpdir as '/ftptemp/trans';

Directory created

检查表空间NBSPOC的依赖性。

SQL> exec dbms_tts.transport_set_check('NBSPOC',true);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed

SQL> select * from transport_set_violations;

VIOLATIONS

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Expdp导出表空间对象元数据信息。

oracle:/ftptemp/trans>=ttspoc.dmp directory=dmpdir transport_full_check=y               <

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Nov 19 14:26:51 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Starting "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01":  userid="/******** AS SYSDBA" transport_tablespaces=nbspoc dumpfile=ttspoc.dmp directory=dmpdir transport_full_check=y

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/PLUGTS_BLK

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/COMMENT

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE_STATISTICS

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/POST_INSTANCE/PLUGTS_BLK

Master table "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SYS.SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01 is:

  /ftptemp/trans/ttspoc.dmp

******************************************************************************

Datafiles required for transportable tablespace NBSPOC:

  /nbstdata01/oradata/NBSTEST/NBSTEST/NBSPOCTBL01.dbf

Job "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully completed at 14:28:43

oracle:/ftptemp/trans>ls -l

total 19224

-rw-r--r--    1 oracle   dba            1529 Nov 19 14:28 export.log

-rw-r-----    1 oracle   dba         9838592 Nov 19 14:28 ttspoc.dmp –大约9M

注意，下面是迁移的关键步骤，我们需要将对应的迁移数据文件Convert到目标平台格式。Oracle推荐使用Rman进行这个工作。

oracle:/ftptemp/trans>rman nocatalog

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Nov 19 14:36:47 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

RMAN> connect target /

connected to target database: NBSTEST (DBID=2351142467)

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

RMAN> convert tablespace 'NBSPOC'

2> to platform="Linux IA (32-bit)" –目标平台格式（可以查询目标数据库的v$database视图）

3> db_file_name_convert='/nbstdata01/oradata/NBSTEST/NBSTEST/NBSPOCTBL01.dbf','/ftptemp/trans/NBSPOCTBL01.dbf';

Starting conversion at source at 19-NOV-12

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=355 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile conversion

input datafile file number=00014 name=/nbstdata01/oradata/NBSTEST/NBSTEST/NBSPOCTBL01.dbf

converted datafile=/ftptemp/trans/NBSPOCTBL01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile conversion complete, elapsed time: 00:00:55

Finished conversion at source at 19-NOV-12

从命令行情况看，Rman相当于将指定的数据文件进行转换，拷贝转换过的版本到一个Stage目录上。这样，目录/ftptemp/trans中就已经包括了所有的迁移内容了。

oracle:/ftptemp/trans>ls -l

total 2067240

-rw-r-----    1 oracle   dba      1048584192 Nov 19 14:41 NBSPOCTBL01.dbf

-rw-r--r--    1 oracle   dba            1529 Nov 19 14:28 export.log

-rw-r-----    1 oracle   dba         9838592 Nov 19 14:28 ttspoc.dmp

转换到Target环境，是一台Linux服务器。

SQL> conn sys/oracle@ora11gp as sysdba

Connected to Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0

Connected as SYS

SQL>  select PLATFORM_NAME from v$database;

PLATFORM_NAME

------------------------------

Linux IA (32-bit)

下面就是用FTP将传输文件传输到目标平台，我们使用Linux自带的FTP命令行客户端完成。

[oracle@bsplinux transtts]$ ls -l

total 0

[oracle@bsplinux transtts]$ pwd

/transtts

[oracle@bsplinux transtts]$

--调用FTP客户端

[oracle@bsplinux transtts]$ ftp

ftp> open 10.1.15.66

Connected to 10.1.15.66.

220 P550_05_LC FTP server (Version 4.2 Wed Dec 23 11:06:15 CST 2009) ready.

502 authentication type cannot be set to GSSAPI

502 authentication type cannot be set to KERBEROS_V4

KERBEROS_V4 rejected as an authentication type

Name (10.1.15.66:oracle): oracle

331 Password required for oracle.

Password:

230-Last unsuccessful login: Wed Nov 14 15:35:34 GMT+08:00 2012 on /dev/pts/1 from 10.1.39.109

230-Last login: Mon Nov 19 14:24:58 GMT+08:00 2012 on /dev/pts/2 from 10.1.39.62

230 User oracle logged in.

Remote system type is UNIX.

Using binary mode to transfer files.

ftp>

--切换目录

ftp> cd /ftptemp/trans

250 CWD command successful.

ftp> dir

227 Entering Passive Mode (10,1,15,66,134,182)

150 Opening data connection for /bin/ls.

total 2067240

-rw-r-----    1 oracle   dba      1048584192 Nov 19 14:41 NBSPOCTBL01.dbf

-rw-r--r--    1 oracle   dba            1529 Nov 19 14:28 export.log

-rw-r-----    1 oracle   dba         9838592 Nov 19 14:28 ttspoc.dmp

226 Transfer complete.

ftp> get ttspoc.dmp

local: ttspoc.dmp remote: ttspoc.dmp

227 Entering Passive Mode (10,1,15,66,134,206)

150 Opening data connection for ttspoc.dmp (9838592 bytes).

226 Transfer complete.

9838592 bytes received in 0.85 seconds (1.1e+04 Kbytes/s)

ftp> get export.log

local: export.log remote: export.log

227 Entering Passive Mode (10,1,15,66,134,211)

150 Opening data connection for export.log (1529 bytes).

226 Transfer complete.

1529 bytes received in 0.17 seconds (9 Kbytes/s)

ftp> get NBSPOCTBL01.dbf

local: NBSPOCTBL01.dbf remote: NBSPOCTBL01.dbf

227 Entering Passive Mode (10,1,15,66,134,228)

150 Opening data connection for NBSPOCTBL01.dbf (1048584192 bytes).

226 Transfer complete.

1048584192 bytes received in 3.6e+02 seconds (2.9e+03 Kbytes/s)

ftp>

--传输完毕

[oracle@bsplinux transtts]$ ls -l

total 1034640

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall       1529 Nov 19 21:51 export.log

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1048584192 Nov 19 21:58 NBSPOCTBL01.dbf

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall    9838592 Nov 19 21:51 ttspoc.dmp

[oracle@bsplinux transtts]$

将拷贝的数据复制到数据文件目录，进行导入元数据步骤。注意，在Target环境中，要首先创建好用户和权限信息。

SQL> create user nbspoc identified by nbspoc;

User created

SQL> grant resource, connect to nbspoc;

Grant succeeded

导入表空间信息。

[oracle@bsplinux transtts]$ impdp userid=\'/ as sysdba\' directory=ttsdmp dumpfile=ttspoc.dmp transport_datafiles='/u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/NBSPOCTBL01.dbf'

Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Nov 19 22:13:42 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Master table "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01":  userid="/******** AS SYSDBA" directory=ttsdmp dumpfile=ttspoc.dmp transport_datafiles=/u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/NBSPOCTBL01.dbf

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/PLUGTS_BLK

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/COMMENT

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE_STATISTICS

Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/POST_INSTANCE/PLUGTS_BLK

Job "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully completed at 22:16:29

设置收尾信息和验证。

SQL> select file_name, tablespace_name from dba_data_files where tablespace_name like 'NBS%';

FILE_NAME                                                                        TABLESPACE_NAME

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------

/u01/app/oradata/ORA11G/datafile/NBSPOCTBL01.dbf                                 NBSPOC

SQL> select count(*), sum(bytes)/1024/1024 from dba_segments where tablespace_name='NBSPOC';

  COUNT(*) SUM(BYTES)/1024/1024

---------- --------------------

       174                  286

SQL> select tablespace_name, status from dba_tablespaces where tablespace_name like 'NBS%';

TABLESPACE_NAME                STATUS

------------------------------ ---------

NBSPOC                         READ ONLY

SQL> alter tablespace nbspoc read write;

Tablespace altered

迁移成功。那么，还有很多更复杂的情况，比如ASM的引入。在ASM环境下，我们是不能够直接访问到数据文件，拷贝数据文件的（Oracle 11gR2之前）。

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