Oracle手工建库教程

系统环境：

操作系统： RedHat EL6

Oracle：  Oracle 10g and Oracle 11g

   手工建库相对来说很容易实现，本案例是从10g和11g，通过手工建库的方式做一个简单的对比，可以看出11g和10g之间的一个简单的差异！

案例一：

在Oracle 10g 环境下手工建库

DB_NAME='cuug'

INSTANCE_NAME='cuug'

1、建立Instance的初始化参数文件和口令文件：

[oracle@oracle dbs]$ cat initcuug.ora

db_name = cuug

db_block_size = 8192

pga_aggregate_target = 30M                               

db_cache_size = 80M                               

shared_pool_size = 60M                                 

parallel_threads_per_cpu = 4                                 

optimizer_mode = choose

star_transformation_enabled = true

db_file_multiblock_read_count = 16

query_rewrite_enabled = true

query_rewrite_integrity = trusted

background_dump_dest = $ORACLE_BASE/admin/cuug/bdump

user_dump_dest = $ORACLE_BASE/admin/cuug/udump

core_dump_dest = $ORACLE_BASE/admin/cuug/cdump

control_files = $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/cuug/control01.ctl

undo_management = auto

undo_tablespace = rtbs

[oracle@oracle dbs]$orapwd file=orapwcuug password=oracle entries=3

2、建立数据库相关目录

[oracle@oracle dbs]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/cuug/bdump

[oracle@oracle dbs]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/cuug/cdump

[oracle@oracle dbs]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/cuug/udump

[oracle@oracle dbs]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/cuug

3、建立建库脚本（参考Oracle 11g Online）

[oracle@oracle dbs]$cat cr_db.sql

create database cuug

  user sys identified by oracle

  user system identified by oracle

datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/cuug/system01.dbf' size 300m

sysaux datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/cuug/sysaux01.dbf' size 100m

default temporary tablespace temp tempfile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/cuug/temp01.dbf' size 100m

undo tablespace rtbs datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/cuug/rtbs01.dbf' size 100m

logfile

   group 1 '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/cuug/redo01a.log' size 10m,

   group 2 '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/cuug/redo02a.log' size 10m

character set zhs16gbk;

4、启动Instance建立数据库

[oracle@oracle dbs]$export ORACLE_SID=cuug

[oracle@oracle dbs]$sqlplus '/as sysdba'

10:59:59 SYS@ test1>startup nomount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  417546240 bytes

Fixed Size                  2213936 bytes

Variable Size             268437456 bytes

Database Buffers          142606336 bytes

Redo Buffers                4288512 bytes

11:00:12 SYS@ test1>@/home/oracle/cr_db.sql

Database created.

查看告警日志信息（alert_cuug.log);

[oracle@oracle dbs]tail -f /u01/app/oracle/admin/cuug/bdump/alert_cuug.log

create tablespace SYSTEM datafile  '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/system01.dbf' size 400m

  default storage (initial 10K next 10K) online

Sat Aug 20 00:26:34 2011

Completed: create tablespace SYSTEM datafile  '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/system01.dbf' size 400m

  default storage (initial 10K next 10K) EXTENT MANAGEMENT DICTIONARY online

Sat Aug 20 00:26:34 2011

create rollback segment SYSTEM tablespace SYSTEM

  storage (initial 50K next 50K)

Completed: create rollback segment SYSTEM tablespace SYSTEM

  storage (initial 50K next 50K)

Sat Aug 20 00:26:49 2011

Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 2

  Current log# 2 seq# 2 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/redo02a.log

Sat Aug 20 00:26:50 2011

CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE RTBS DATAFILE  '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/rtbs01.dbf' size 100m

Sat Aug 20 00:26:51 2011

Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 1.

Completed: CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE RTBS DATAFILE  '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/rtbs01.dbf' size 100m

Sat Aug 20 00:26:51 2011

create tablespace SYSAUX datafile  '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf' size 100m

  EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO online

Completed: create tablespace SYSAUX datafile  '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf' size 100m

  EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO online

Sat Aug 20 00:26:54 2011

CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP TEMPFILE  '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/temp01.dbf' size 100m

Completed: CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP TEMPFILE  '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/temp01.dbf' size 100m

Sat Aug 20 00:26:55 2011

ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP

Completed: ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP

Sat Aug 20 00:26:55 2011

ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE SYSTEM 

Completed: ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE SYSTEM 

Sat Aug 20 00:27:01 2011

SMON: enabling tx recovery

Sat Aug 20 00:27:02 2011

Threshold validation cannot be done before catproc is loaded.

replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found)

Starting background process QMNC

QMNC started with pid=13, OS id=6485

Sat Aug 20 00:27:03 2011

Completed: create database test

 user sys identified by **user system identified by *datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/system01.dbf' size 400m

sysaux datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf' size 100m

undo tablespace rtbs datafile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/rtbs01.dbf' size 100m

default temporary tablespace temp tempfile '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/temp01.dbf' size 100m

logfile

  group 1 '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/redo01a.log' size 10m,

  group 2 '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/redo02a.log' size 10m,

  group 3 '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test/redo03a.log' size 10m

character set zhs16gbk

5、建立数据字典

数据字典脚本：

[oracle@oracle dbs]cat cr_dict.sql

@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql

@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql

conn system/oracle

@$ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql

11:20:12 SYS@ test1>@/home/oracle/cr_dict.sql

6、建立Users表空间并设为默认表空间

系统默认的表空间为system，如果以system为默认表空间，会影响数据库的管理和性能

12:09:56 SQL> create tablespace users

12:10:01   2   datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cuug/user01.dbf' size 100m;

Tablespace created.

 12:10:41 SQL> alter database default tablespace users;

Database altered.

7、添加example案例

12:11:45 SQL> @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlsampl.sql

Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

[oracle@oracle ~]$ 

@至此，手工建库完成！