在使用alembic开发管理数据库时,会遇到一个比较麻烦的问题,就是变更某列的枚举类型,事实上使用sql命令变更相当的简单,一条alter的执行即可:
ALTER TYPE status ADD value 'output_limit_exceeded' after 'timed_out'; #删除 DROP TYPE status
但这样并不能满足alembic管理的初衷,也无法实现downgrade。
使用google搜索关键字“alembic enum type”,第一个出现的是stackflow的一个帖子Altering an Enum field using Alembic。
from alembic import opimport sqlalchemy as sa old_options = ('nonexistent_executable', 'signal', 'success', 'timed_out') new_options = sorted(old_options + ('output_limit_exceeded',))old_type = sa.Enum(*old_options, name='status')new_type = sa.Enum(*new_options, name='status')tmp_type = sa.Enum(*new_options, name='_status')tcr = sa.sql.table('testcaseresult', sa.Column('status', new_type, nullable=False)) def upgrade(): # Create a tempoary "_status" type, convert and drop the "old" type tmp_type.create(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=False) op.execute('ALTER TABLE testcaseresult ALTER COLUMN status TYPE _status' ' USING status::text::_status') old_type.drop(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=False) # Create and convert to the "new" status type new_type.create(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=False) op.execute('ALTER TABLE testcaseresult ALTER COLUMN status TYPE status' ' USING status::text::status') tmp_type.drop(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=False) def downgrade(): # Convert 'output_limit_exceeded' status into 'timed_out' op.execute(tcr.update().where(tcr.c.status==u'output_limit_exceeded') .values(status='timed_out')) # Create a tempoary "_status" type, convert and drop the "new" type tmp_type.create(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=False) op.execute('ALTER TABLE testcaseresult ALTER COLUMN status TYPE _status' ' USING status::text::_status') new_type.drop(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=False) # Create and convert to the "old" status type old_type.create(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=False) op.execute('ALTER TABLE testcaseresult ALTER COLUMN status TYPE status' ' USING status::text::status') tmp_type.drop(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=False)
这个方法提供了解决了问题,但稍显繁琐。我们可以做一下简单的封装,生成一个通用函数:
def upgrade_enum(table, column_name, enum_name, old_options, new_options): old_type = sa.Enum(*old_options, name=enum_name) new_type = sa.Enum(*new_options, name=enum_name) tmp_type = sa.Enum(*new_options, name="_" + enum_name) # Create a temporary type, convert and drop the "old" type tmp_type.create(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=False) op.execute( u'ALTER TABLE {0} ALTER COLUMN {1} TYPE _{2}' u' USING {1}::text::_{2}'.format( table, column_name, enum_name ) ) old_type.drop(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=False) # Create and convert to the "new" type new_type.create(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=False) op.execute( u'ALTER TABLE {0} ALTER COLUMN {1} TYPE {2}' u' USING {1}::text::{2}'.format( table, column_name, enum_name ) ) tmp_type.drop(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=False)
这样就可以直接通过传参直接来执行升级或降级操作了。
操作环境:
alembic-0.8.2 -bash-4.2$ psql --version psql (PostgreSQL) 9.3.10
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