这期内容当中小编将会给大家带来有关如何在Springboot中使用Spring Security实现一个JWT认证,文章内容丰富且以专业的角度为大家分析和叙述,阅读完这篇文章希望大家可以有所收获。
Spring Security作为成熟且强大的安全框架,得到许多大厂的青睐。而作为前后端分离的SSO方案,JWT也在许多项目中应用。本文将介绍如何通过Spring Security实现JWT认证。
用户与服务器交互大概如下:
客户端获取JWT,一般通过POST方法把用户名/密码传给server;
服务端接收到客户端的请求后,会检验用户名/密码是否正确,如果正确则生成JWT并返回;不正确则返回错误;
客户端拿到JWT后,在有效期内都可以通过JWT来访问资源了,一般把JWT放在请求头;一次获取,多次使用;
服务端校验JWT是否合法,合法则允许客户端正常访问,不合法则返回401。
我们把要整合的Spring Security和JWT加入到项目的依赖中去:
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId> <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId> <version>0.9.1</version> </dependency>
JWT工具类起码要具有以下功能:
根据用户信息生成JWT;
校验JWT是否合法,如是否被篡改、是否过期等;
从JWT中解析用户信息,如用户名、权限等;
具体代码如下:
@Component public class JwtTokenProvider { @Autowired JwtProperties jwtProperties; @Autowired private CustomUserDetailsService userDetailsService; private String secretKey; @PostConstruct protected void init() { secretKey = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(jwtProperties.getSecretKey().getBytes()); } public String createToken(String username, List<String> roles) { Claims claims = Jwts.claims().setSubject(username); claims.put("roles", roles); Date now = new Date(); Date validity = new Date(now.getTime() + jwtProperties.getValidityInMs()); return Jwts.builder()// .setClaims(claims)// .setIssuedAt(now)// .setExpiration(validity)// .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS256, secretKey)// .compact(); } public Authentication getAuthentication(String token) { UserDetails userDetails = this.userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(getUsername(token)); return new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(userDetails, "", userDetails.getAuthorities()); } public String getUsername(String token) { return Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(secretKey).parseClaimsJws(token).getBody().getSubject(); } public String resolveToken(HttpServletRequest req) { String bearerToken = req.getHeader("Authorization"); if (bearerToken != null && bearerToken.startsWith("Bearer ")) { return bearerToken.substring(7); } return null; } public boolean validateToken(String token) { try { Jws<Claims> claims = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(secretKey).parseClaimsJws(token); if (claims.getBody().getExpiration().before(new Date())) { return false; } return true; } catch (JwtException | IllegalArgumentException e) { throw new InvalidJwtAuthenticationException("Expired or invalid JWT token"); } } }
工具类还实现了另一个功能:从HTTP请求头中获取JWT。
Filter是Security处理的关键,基本上都是通过Filter来拦截请求的。首先从请求头取出JWT,然后校验JWT是否合法,如果合法则取出Authentication保存在SecurityContextHolder里。如果不合法,则做异常处理。
public class JwtTokenAuthenticationFilter extends GenericFilterBean { private JwtTokenProvider jwtTokenProvider; public JwtTokenAuthenticationFilter(JwtTokenProvider jwtTokenProvider) { this.jwtTokenProvider = jwtTokenProvider; } @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException { HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req; HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res; try { String token = jwtTokenProvider.resolveToken(request); if (token != null && jwtTokenProvider.validateToken(token)) { Authentication auth = jwtTokenProvider.getAuthentication(token); if (auth != null) { SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(auth); } } } catch (InvalidJwtAuthenticationException e) { response.setStatus(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED.value()); response.getWriter().write("Invalid token"); response.getWriter().flush(); return; } filterChain.doFilter(req, res); } }
对于异常处理,使用@ControllerAdvice是不行的,应该这个是Filter,在这里抛的异常还没有到DispatcherServlet,无法处理。所以Filter要自己做异常处理:
catch (InvalidJwtAuthenticationException e) { response.setStatus(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED.value()); response.getWriter().write("Invalid token"); response.getWriter().flush(); return; }
最后的return不能省略,因为已经要把输出的内容给Response了,没有必要再往后传递,否则报错
java.lang.IllegalStateException: getWriter() has already been called
JWT需要配置一个密钥来加密,同时还要配置JWT令牌的有效期。
@Configuration @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "pkslow.jwt") public class JwtProperties { private String secretKey = "pkslow.key"; private long validityInMs = 3600_000; //getter and setter }
Spring Security的整个框架还是比较复杂的,简化后大概如下图所示:
它是通过一连串的Filter来进行安全管理。细节这里先不展开讲。
这个配置也可以理解为是FilterChain的配置,可以不用理解,代码很好懂它做了什么:
@Configuration public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter { @Autowired JwtTokenProvider jwtTokenProvider; @Bean @Override public AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean() throws Exception { return super.authenticationManagerBean(); } @Bean public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() { return NoOpPasswordEncoder.getInstance(); } @Override protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { http .httpBasic().disable() .csrf().disable() .sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS) .and() .authorizeRequests() .antMatchers("/auth/login").permitAll() .antMatchers(HttpMethod.GET, "/admin").hasRole("ADMIN") .antMatchers(HttpMethod.GET, "/user").hasRole("USER") .anyRequest().authenticated() .and() .apply(new JwtSecurityConfigurer(jwtTokenProvider)); } }
这里通过HttpSecurity配置了哪些请求需要什么权限才可以访问。
/auth/login用于登陆获取JWT,所以都能访问;
/admin只有ADMIN用户才可以访问;
/user只有USER用户才可以访问。
而之前实现的Filter则在下面配置使用:
public class JwtSecurityConfigurer extends SecurityConfigurerAdapter<DefaultSecurityFilterChain, HttpSecurity> { private JwtTokenProvider jwtTokenProvider; public JwtSecurityConfigurer(JwtTokenProvider jwtTokenProvider) { this.jwtTokenProvider = jwtTokenProvider; } @Override public void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { JwtTokenAuthenticationFilter customFilter = new JwtTokenAuthenticationFilter(jwtTokenProvider); http.exceptionHandling() .authenticationEntryPoint(new JwtAuthenticationEntryPoint()) .and() .addFilterBefore(customFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class); } }
通常在Spring Security的世界里,都是通过实现UserDetailsService来获取UserDetails的。
@Component public class CustomUserDetailsService implements UserDetailsService { private UserRepository users; public CustomUserDetailsService(UserRepository users) { this.users = users; } @Override public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException { return this.users.findByUsername(username) .orElseThrow(() -> new UsernameNotFoundException("Username: " + username + " not found")); } }
对于UserRepository
,可以从数据库中读取,或者其它用户管理中心。为了方便,我使用Map放了两个用户:
@Repository public class UserRepository { private static final Map<String, User> allUsers = new HashMap<>(); @Autowired private PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder; @PostConstruct protected void init() { allUsers.put("pkslow", new User("pkslow", passwordEncoder.encode("123456"), Collections.singletonList("ROLE_ADMIN"))); allUsers.put("user", new User("user", passwordEncoder.encode("123456"), Collections.singletonList("ROLE_USER"))); } public Optional<User> findByUsername(String username) { return Optional.ofNullable(allUsers.get(username)); } }
完成代码编写后,我们来测试一下:
(1)无JWT访问,失败
curl http://localhost:8080/admin {"timestamp":"2021-02-06T05:45:06.385+0000","status":403,"error":"Forbidden","message":"Access Denied","path":"/admin"} $ curl http://localhost:8080/user {"timestamp":"2021-02-06T05:45:16.438+0000","status":403,"error":"Forbidden","message":"Access Denied","path":"/user"}
(2)admin获取JWT,密码错误则失败,密码正确则成功
$ curl http://localhost:8080/auth/login -X POST -d '{"username":"pkslow","password":"xxxxxx"}' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' {"timestamp":"2021-02-06T05:47:16.254+0000","status":403,"error":"Forbidden","message":"Access Denied","path":"/auth/login"} $ curl http://localhost:8080/auth/login -X POST -d '{"username":"pkslow","password":"123456"}' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJwa3Nsb3ciLCJyb2xlcyI6WyJST0xFX0FETUlOIl0sImlhdCI6MTYxMjU5MDYxNCwiZXhwIjoxNjEyNTkxMjE0fQ.d4Gi50aaOsHHqpM0d8Mh2960otnZf7rlE3x6xSfakVo
(3)admin带JWT访问/admin,成功;访问/user失败
$ curl http://localhost:8080/admin -H 'Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJwa3Nsb3ciLCJyb2xlcyI6WyJST0xFX0FETUlOIl0sImlhdCI6MTYxMjU5MDYxNCwiZXhwIjoxNjEyNTkxMjE0fQ.d4Gi50aaOsHHqpM0d8Mh2960otnZf7rlE3x6xSfakVo' you are admin $ curl http://localhost:8080/user -H 'Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJwa3Nsb3ciLCJyb2xlcyI6WyJST0xFX0FETUlOIl0sImlhdCI6MTYxMjU5MDYxNCwiZXhwIjoxNjEyNTkxMjE0fQ.d4Gi50aaOsHHqpM0d8Mh2960otnZf7rlE3x6xSfakVo' {"timestamp":"2021-02-06T05:51:23.099+0000","status":403,"error":"Forbidden","message":"Forbidden","path":"/user"}
(4)使用过期的JWT访问,失败
$ curl http://localhost:8080/admin -H 'Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJwa3Nsb3ciLCJyb2xlcyI6WyJST0xFX0FETUlOIl0sImlhdCI6MTYxMjU5MDQ0OSwiZXhwIjoxNjEyNTkwNTA5fQ.CSaubE4iJcYATbLmbb59aNFU1jNCwDFHUV3zIakPU64' Invalid token
上述就是小编为大家分享的如何在Springboot中使用Spring Security实现一个JWT认证了,如果刚好有类似的疑惑,不妨参照上述分析进行理解。如果想知道更多相关知识,欢迎关注亿速云行业资讯频道。
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