这篇文章主要为大家详细介绍了用lvs和keepalived部署kubernetes集群的方法,图文详解容易学习,内容较长建议跟着步骤一步步实现,感兴趣的小伙伴们可以参考一下。
主机名 | Centos版本 | ip | docker version | flannel version | Keepalived version | 主机配置 | 备注 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
lvs-keepalived01 | 7.6.1810 | 172.27.34.28 | / | / | v1.3.5 | 4C4G | lvs-keepalived |
lvs-keepalived01 | 7.6.1810 | 172.27.34.29 | / | / | v1.3.5 | 4C4G | lvs-keepalived |
master01 | 7.6.1810 | 172.27.34.35 | 18.09.9 | v0.11.0 | / | 4C4G | control plane |
master02 | 7.6.1810 | 172.27.34.36 | 18.09.9 | v0.11.0 | / | 4C4G | control plane |
master03 | 7.6.1810 | 172.27.34.37 | 18.09.9 | v0.11.0 | / | 4C4G | control plane |
work01 | 7.6.1810 | 172.27.34.161 | 18.09.9 | / | / | 4C4G | worker nodes |
work02 | 7.6.1810 | 172.27.34.162 | 18.09.9 | / | / | 4C4G | worker nodes |
work03 | 7.6.1810 | 172.27.34.163 | 18.09.9 | / | / | 4C4G | worker nodes |
VIP | 7.6.1810 | 172.27.34.222 | / | / | v1.3.5 | 4C4G | 在lvs-keepalived两台主机上浮动 |
client | 7.6.1810 | 172.27.34.85 | / | / | / | 4C4G | client |
共有9台服务器,2台为lvs-keepalived集群,3台control plane集群,3台work集群,1台client。
主机名 | kubelet version | kubeadm version | kubectl version | 备注 |
---|---|---|---|---|
master01 | v1.16.4 | v1.16.4 | v1.16.4 | kubectl选装 |
master02 | v1.16.4 | v1.16.4 | v1.16.4 | kubectl选装 |
master03 | v1.16.4 | v1.16.4 | v1.16.4 | kubectl选装 |
work01 | v1.16.4 | v1.16.4 | v1.16.4 | kubectl选装 |
work02 | v1.16.4 | v1.16.4 | v1.16.4 | kubectl选装 |
work03 | v1.16.4 | v1.16.4 | v1.16.4 | kubectl选装 |
client | / | / | v1.16.4 | client |
本文采用kubeadm方式搭建高可用k8s集群,k8s集群的高可用实际是k8s各核心组件的高可用,这里使用集群模式(针对apiserver来讲),架构如下:
核心组件 | 高可用模式 | 高可用实现方式 |
---|---|---|
apiserver | 集群 | lvs+keepalived |
controller-manager | 主备 | leader election |
scheduler | 主备 | leader election |
etcd | 集群 | kubeadm |
- apiserver 通过lvs-keepalived实现高可用,vip将请求分发至各个control plane节点的apiserver组件;
- controller-manager k8s内部通过选举方式产生领导者(由--leader-elect 选型控制,默认为true),同一时刻集群内只有一个controller-manager组件运行;
- scheduler k8s内部通过选举方式产生领导者(由--leader-elect 选型控制,默认为true),同一时刻集群内只有一个scheduler组件运行;
- etcd 通过运行kubeadm方式自动创建集群来实现高可用,部署的节点数为奇数,3节点方式最多容忍一台机器宕机。
本文所有的服务器都为Centos7.6,Centos7.6安装详见:Centos7.6操作系统安装及优化全纪录
安装Centos时已经禁用了防火墙和selinux并设置了阿里源。
control plane和work节点都执行本部分操作,以master01为例记录搭建过程。
[root@centos7 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname master01
[root@centos7 ~]# more /etc/hostname
master01
退出重新登陆即可显示新设置的主机名master01,各服务器修改为对应的主机名。
[root@master01 ~]# cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
172.27.34.35 master01
172.27.34.36 master02
172.27.34.37 master03
172.27.34.161 work01
172.27.34.162 work02
172.27.34.163 work03
EOF
[root@master01 ~]# cat /sys/class/net/ens160/address
[root@master01 ~]# cat /sys/class/dmi/id/product_uuid
保证各节点mac和uuid唯一
[root@master01 ~]# swapoff -a
若需要重启后也生效,在禁用swap后还需修改配置文件/etc/fstab,注释swap
[root@master01 ~]# sed -i.bak '/swap/s/^/#/' /etc/fstab
本文的k8s网络使用flannel,该网络需要设置内核参数bridge-nf-call-iptables=1,修改这个参数需要系统有br_netfilter模块。
查看br_netfilter模块:
[root@master01 ~]# lsmod |grep br_netfilter
如果系统没有br_netfilter模块则执行下面的新增命令,如有则忽略。
临时新增br_netfilter模块:
[root@master01 ~]# modprobe br_netfilter
该方式重启后会失效
永久新增br_netfilter模块:
[root@master01 ~]# cat > /etc/rc.sysinit << EOF
#!/bin/bash
for file in /etc/sysconfig/modules/*.modules ; do
[ -x $file ] && $file
done
EOF
[root@master01 ~]# cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/br_netfilter.modules << EOF
modprobe br_netfilter
EOF
[root@master01 ~]# chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/br_netfilter.modules
[root@master01 ~]# sysctl net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
[root@master01 ~]# sysctl net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
[root@master01 ~]# cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
[root@master01 ~]# sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
[root@master01 ~]# cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
- [] 中括号中的是repository id,唯一,用来标识不同仓库
- name 仓库名称,自定义
- baseurl 仓库地址
- enable 是否启用该仓库,默认为1表示启用
- gpgcheck 是否验证从该仓库获得程序包的合法性,1为验证
- repo_gpgcheck 是否验证元数据的合法性 元数据就是程序包列表,1为验证
- gpgkey=URL 数字签名的公钥文件所在位置,如果gpgcheck值为1,此处就需要指定gpgkey文件的位置,如果gpgcheck值为0就不需要此项了
[root@master01 ~]# yum clean all
[root@master01 ~]# yum -y makecache
配置master01到master02、master03免密登录,本步骤只在master01上执行。
[root@master01 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
[root@master01 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.27.34.35
[root@master01 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.27.34.36
[root@master01 ~]# ssh 172.27.34.36
[root@master01 ~]# ssh master03
master01可以直接登录master02和master03,不需要输入密码。
重启各control plane和work节点。
control plane和work节点都执行本部分操作。
[root@master01 ~]# yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
[root@master01 ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
[root@master01 ~]# yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
[root@master01 ~]# yum install docker-ce-18.09.9 docker-ce-cli-18.09.9 containerd.io -y
指定安装的docker版本为18.09.9
[root@master01 ~]# systemctl start docker
[root@master01 ~]# systemctl enable docker
[root@master01 ~]# yum -y install bash-completion
[root@master01 ~]# source /etc/profile.d/bash_completion.sh
由于Docker Hub的服务器在国外,下载镜像会比较慢,可以配置镜像加速器。主要的加速器有:Docker官方提供的中国registry mirror、阿里云加速器、DaoCloud 加速器,本文以阿里加速器配置为例。
登陆地址为:https://cr.console.aliyun.com ,未注册的可以先注册阿里云账户
配置daemon.json文件
[root@master01 ~]# mkdir -p /etc/docker
[root@master01 ~]# tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://v16stybc.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
重启服务
[root@master01 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@master01 ~]# systemctl restart docker
加速器配置完成
[root@master01 ~]# docker --version
[root@master01 ~]# docker run hello-world
通过查询docker版本和运行容器hello-world来验证docker是否安装成功。
修改daemon.json,新增‘"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"’
[root@master01 ~]# more /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://v16stybc.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
[root@master01 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@master01 ~]# systemctl restart docker
修改cgroupdriver是为了消除告警:
[WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd". Please follow the guide at https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/
control plane和work节点都执行本部分操作。
[root@master01 ~]# yum list kubelet --showduplicates | sort -r
本文安装的kubelet版本是1.16.4,该版本支持的docker版本为1.13.1, 17.03, 17.06, 17.09, 18.06, 18.09。
[root@master01 ~]# yum install -y kubelet-1.16.4 kubeadm-1.16.4 kubectl-1.16.4
- kubelet 运行在集群所有节点上,用于启动Pod和容器等对象的工具
- kubeadm 用于初始化集群,启动集群的命令工具
- kubectl 用于和集群通信的命令行,通过kubectl可以部署和管理应用,查看各种资源,创建、删除和更新各种组件
启动kubelet并设置开机启动
[root@master01 ~]# systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet
[root@master01 ~]# echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bash_profile
[root@master01 ~]# source .bash_profile
Kubernetes几乎所有的安装组件和Docker镜像都放在goolge自己的网站上,直接访问可能会有网络问题,这里的解决办法是从阿里云镜像仓库下载镜像,拉取到本地以后改回默认的镜像tag。本文通过运行image.sh脚本方式拉取镜像。
[root@master01 ~]# more image.sh
#!/bin/bash
url=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/loong576
version=v1.16.4
images=(`kubeadm config images list --kubernetes-version=$version|awk -F '/' '{print $2}'`)
for imagename in ${images[@]} ; do
docker pull $url/$imagename
docker tag $url/$imagename k8s.gcr.io/$imagename
docker rmi -f $url/$imagename
done
url为阿里云镜像仓库地址,version为安装的kubernetes版本。
运行脚本image.sh,下载指定版本的镜像
[root@master01 ~]# ./image.sh
[root@master01 ~]# docker images
master01节点执行本部分操作。
[root@master01 ~]# more kubeadm-config.yaml
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.16.4
apiServer:
certSANs: #填写所有kube-apiserver节点的hostname、IP、VIP
- master01
- master02
- master03
- work01
- work02
- work03
- 172.27.34.35
- 172.27.34.36
- 172.27.34.37
- 172.27.34.161
- 172.27.34.162
- 172.27.34.163
- 172.27.34.222
controlPlaneEndpoint: "172.27.34.222:6443"
networking:
podSubnet: "10.244.0.0/16"
kubeadm.conf为初始化的配置文件
在master01上起虚ip:172.27.34.222
[root@master01 ~]# ifconfig ens160:2 172.27.34.222 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
起虚ip目的是为了执行master01的初始化,待初始化完成后去掉该虚ip
[root@master01 ~]# kubeadm init --config=kubeadm-config.yaml
记录kubeadm join的输出,后面需要这个命令将work节点和其他control plane节点加入集群中。
You can now join any number of control-plane nodes by copying certificate authorities
and service account keys on each node and then running the following as root:
kubeadm join 172.27.34.222:6443 --token lw90fv.j1lease5jhzj9ih3 \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:79575e7a39eac086e121364f79e58a33f9c9de2a4e9162ad81d0abd1958b24f4 \
--control-plane
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
kubeadm join 172.27.34.222:6443 --token lw90fv.j1lease5jhzj9ih3 \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:79575e7a39eac086e121364f79e58a33f9c9de2a4e9162ad81d0abd1958b24f4
初始化失败:
如果初始化失败,可执行kubeadm reset后重新初始化
[root@master01 ~]# kubeadm reset
[root@master01 ~]# rm -rf $HOME/.kube/config
[root@master01 ~]# echo "export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf" >> ~/.bash_profile
[root@master01 ~]# source .bash_profile
本文所有操作都在root用户下执行,若为非root用户,则执行如下操作:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
在master01上新建flannel网络
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/2140ac876ef134e0ed5af15c65e414cf26827915/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
由于网络原因,可能会安装失败,可以在文末直接下载kube-flannel.yml文件,然后再执行apply
在master01上运行脚本cert-main-master.sh,将证书分发至master02和master03
[root@master01 ~]# ll|grep cert-main-master.sh
-rwxr--r-- 1 root root 638 1月 16 10:25 cert-main-master.sh
[root@master01 ~]# more cert-main-master.sh
USER=root # customizable
CONTROL_PLANE_IPS="172.27.34.36 172.27.34.37"
for host in ${CONTROL_PLANE_IPS}; do
scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt "${USER}"@$host:
scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.key "${USER}"@$host:
scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key "${USER}"@$host:
scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub "${USER}"@$host:
scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.crt "${USER}"@$host:
scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.key "${USER}"@$host:
scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt "${USER}"@$host:etcd-ca.crt
# Quote this line if you are using external etcd
scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.key "${USER}"@$host:etcd-ca.key
done
在master02上运行脚本cert-other-master.sh,将证书移至指定目录
[root@master02 ~]# more cert-other-master.sh
USER=root # customizable
mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd
mv /${USER}/ca.crt /etc/kubernetes/pki/
mv /${USER}/ca.key /etc/kubernetes/pki/
mv /${USER}/sa.pub /etc/kubernetes/pki/
mv /${USER}/sa.key /etc/kubernetes/pki/
mv /${USER}/front-proxy-ca.crt /etc/kubernetes/pki/
mv /${USER}/front-proxy-ca.key /etc/kubernetes/pki/
mv /${USER}/etcd-ca.crt /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt
# Quote this line if you are using external etcd
mv /${USER}/etcd-ca.key /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.key
[root@master02 ~]# ./cert-other-master.sh
在master03上也运行脚本cert-other-master.sh
[root@master03 ~]# pwd
/root
[root@master03 ~]# ll|grep cert-other-master.sh
-rwxr--r-- 1 root root 484 1月 16 10:30 cert-other-master.sh
[root@master03 ~]# ./cert-other-master.sh
[root@master03 ~]# kubeadm join 172.27.34.222:6443 --token lw90fv.j1lease5jhzj9ih3 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:79575e7a39eac086e121364f79e58a33f9c9de2a4e9162ad81d0abd1958b24f4 --control-plane
运行初始化master生成的control plane节点加入集群的命令
[root@master03 ~]# kubeadm join 172.27.34.222:6443 --token 0p7rzn.fdanprq4y8na36jh --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:fc7a828208d554329645044633159e9dc46b0597daf66769988fee8f3fc0636b --control-plane
master02和master03加载环境变量
[root@master02 ~]# scp master01:/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf /etc/kubernetes/
[root@master02 ~]# echo "export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf" >> ~/.bash_profile
[root@master02 ~]# source .bash_profile
[root@master03 ~]# scp master01:/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf /etc/kubernetes/
[root@master03 ~]# echo "export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf" >> ~/.bash_profile
[root@master03 ~]# source .bash_profile
该步操作是为了在master02和master03上也能执行kubectl命令。
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl get nodes
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl get po -o wide -n kube-system
发现master01和master03下载flannel异常,分别在master01和master03上手动下载该镜像后正常。
[root@master01 ~]# docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/loong576/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
[root@master03 ~]# docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/loong576/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
[root@work01 ~]# kubeadm join 172.27.34.222:6443 --token lw90fv.j1lease5jhzj9ih3 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:79575e7a39eac086e121364f79e58a33f9c9de2a4e9162ad81d0abd1958b24f4
运行初始化master生成的work节点加入集群的命令
[root@work02 ~]# kubeadm join 172.27.34.222:6443 --token lw90fv.j1lease5jhzj9ih3 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:79575e7a39eac086e121364f79e58a33f9c9de2a4e9162ad81d0abd1958b24f4
[root@work03 ~]# kubeadm join 172.27.34.222:6443 --token lw90fv.j1lease5jhzj9ih3 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:79575e7a39eac086e121364f79e58a33f9c9de2a4e9162ad81d0abd1958b24f4
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl get nodes
[root@master01 ~]# kubectl get po -o wide -n kube-system
lvs-keepalived01和lvs-keepalived02都执行本操作。
LVS无需安装,安装的是管理工具,第一种叫ipvsadm,第二种叫keepalive。ipvsadm是通过命令行管理,而keepalive读取配置文件管理。
[root@lvs-keepalived01 ~]# yum -y install ipvsadm
把ipvsadm模块加载进系统
[root@lvs-keepalived01 ~]# ipvsadm
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
[root@lvs-keepalived01 ~]# lsmod | grep ip_vs
ip_vs 145497 0
nf_conntrack 133095 1 ip_vs
libcrc32c 12644 3 xfs,ip_vs,nf_conntrack
lvs相关实践详见:LVS+Keepalived+Nginx负载均衡搭建测试
lvs-keepalived01和lvs-keepalived02都执行本操作。
[root@lvs-keepalived01 ~]# yum -y install keepalived
lvs-keepalived01配置如下:
[root@lvs-keepalived01 ~]# more /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id lvs-keepalived01 #router_id 机器标识,通常为hostname,但不一定非得是hostname。故障发生时,邮件通知会用到。
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 { #vrrp实例定义部分
state MASTER #设置lvs的状态,MASTER和BACKUP两种,必须大写
interface ens160 #设置对外服务的接口
virtual_router_id 100 #设置虚拟路由标示,这个标示是一个数字,同一个vrrp实例使用唯一标示
priority 100 #定义优先级,数字越大优先级越高,在一个vrrp——instance下,master的优先级必须大于backup
advert_int 1 #设定master与backup负载均衡器之间同步检查的时间间隔,单位是秒
authentication { #设置验证类型和密码
auth_type PASS #主要有PASS和AH两种
auth_pass 1111 #验证密码,同一个vrrp_instance下MASTER和BACKUP密码必须相同
}
virtual_ipaddress { #设置虚拟ip地址,可以设置多个,每行一个
172.27.34.222
}
}
virtual_server 172.27.34.222 6443 { #设置虚拟服务器,需要指定虚拟ip和服务端口
delay_loop 6 #健康检查时间间隔
lb_algo wrr #负载均衡调度算法
lb_kind DR #负载均衡转发规则
#persistence_timeout 50 #设置会话保持时间,对动态网页非常有用
protocol TCP #指定转发协议类型,有TCP和UDP两种
real_server 172.27.34.35 6443 { #配置服务器节点1,需要指定real server的真实IP地址和端口
weight 10 #设置权重,数字越大权重越高
TCP_CHECK { #realserver的状态监测设置部分单位秒
connect_timeout 10 #连接超时为10秒
retry 3 #重连次数
delay_before_retry 3 #重试间隔
connect_port 6443 #连接端口为6443,要和上面的保持一致
}
}
real_server 172.27.34.36 6443 { #配置服务器节点1,需要指定real server的真实IP地址和端口
weight 10 #设置权重,数字越大权重越高
TCP_CHECK { #realserver的状态监测设置部分单位秒
connect_timeout 10 #连接超时为10秒
retry 3 #重连次数
delay_before_retry 3 #重试间隔
connect_port 6443 #连接端口为6443,要和上面的保持一致
}
}
real_server 172.27.34.37 6443 { #配置服务器节点1,需要指定real server的真实IP地址和端口
weight 10 #设置权重,数字越大权重越高
TCP_CHECK { #realserver的状态监测设置部分单位秒
connect_timeout 10 #连接超时为10秒
retry 3 #重连次数
delay_before_retry 3 #重试间隔
connect_port 6443 #连接端口为6443,要和上面的保持一致
}
}
}
lvs-keepalived02配置如下:
[root@lvs-keepalived02 ~]# more /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id lvs-keepalived02 #router_id 机器标识,通常为hostname,但不一定非得是hostname。故障发生时,邮件通知会用到。
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 { #vrrp实例定义部分
state BACKUP #设置lvs的状态,MASTER和BACKUP两种,必须大写
interface ens160 #设置对外服务的接口
virtual_router_id 100 #设置虚拟路由标示,这个标示是一个数字,同一个vrrp实例使用唯一标示
priority 90 #定义优先级,数字越大优先级越高,在一个vrrp——instance下,master的优先级必须大于backup
advert_int 1 #设定master与backup负载均衡器之间同步检查的时间间隔,单位是秒
authentication { #设置验证类型和密码
auth_type PASS #主要有PASS和AH两种
auth_pass 1111 #验证密码,同一个vrrp_instance下MASTER和BACKUP密码必须相同
}
virtual_ipaddress { #设置虚拟ip地址,可以设置多个,每行一个
172.27.34.222
}
}
virtual_server 172.27.34.222 6443 { #设置虚拟服务器,需要指定虚拟ip和服务端口
delay_loop 6 #健康检查时间间隔
lb_algo wrr #负载均衡调度算法
lb_kind DR #负载均衡转发规则
#persistence_timeout 50 #设置会话保持时间,对动态网页非常有用
protocol TCP #指定转发协议类型,有TCP和UDP两种
real_server 172.27.34.35 6443 { #配置服务器节点1,需要指定real server的真实IP地址和端口
weight 10 #设置权重,数字越大权重越高
TCP_CHECK { #realserver的状态监测设置部分单位秒
connect_timeout 10 #连接超时为10秒
retry 3 #重连次数
delay_before_retry 3 #重试间隔
connect_port 6443 #连接端口为6443,要和上面的保持一致
}
}
real_server 172.27.34.36 6443 { #配置服务器节点1,需要指定real server的真实IP地址和端口
weight 10 #设置权重,数字越大权重越高
TCP_CHECK { #realserver的状态监测设置部分单位秒
connect_timeout 10 #连接超时为10秒
retry 3 #重连次数
delay_before_retry 3 #重试间隔
connect_port 6443 #连接端口为6443,要和上面的保持一致
}
}
real_server 172.27.34.37 6443 { #配置服务器节点1,需要指定real server的真实IP地址和端口
weight 10 #设置权重,数字越大权重越高
TCP_CHECK { #realserver的状态监测设置部分单位秒
connect_timeout 10 #连接超时为10秒
retry 3 #重连次数
delay_before_retry 3 #重试间隔
connect_port 6443 #连接端口为6443,要和上面的保持一致
}
}
}
[root@master01 ~]# ifconfig ens160:2 172.27.34.222 netmask 255.255.255.0 down
master01上去掉初始化使用的ip 172.27.34.222
lvs-keepalived01和lvs-keepalived02都启动keepalived并设置为开机启动
[root@lvs-keepalived01 ~]# service keepalived start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start keepalived.service
[root@lvs-keepalived01 ~]# systemctl enable keepalived
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/keepalived.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service.
[root@lvs-keepalived01 ~]# ip a
此时vip在lvs-keepalived01上
control plane都执行本操作。
打开control plane所在服务器的“路由”功能、关闭“ARP查询”功能并设置回环ip,三台control plane配置相同,如下:
[root@master01 ~]# cd /etc/rc.d/init.d/
[root@master01 init.d]# more realserver.sh
#!/bin/bash
SNS_VIP=172.27.34.222
case "$1" in
start)
ifconfig lo:0 $SNS_VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast $SNS_VIP
/sbin/route add -host $SNS_VIP dev lo:0
echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
sysctl -p >/dev/null 2>&1
echo "RealServer Start OK"
;;
stop)
ifconfig lo:0 down
route del $SNS_VIP >/dev/null 2>&1
echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
echo "RealServer Stoped"
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
此脚本用于control plane节点绑定 VIP ,并抑制响应 VIP 的 ARP 请求。这样做的目的是为了不让关于 VIP 的 ARP 广播时,节点服务器应答( 因为control plane节点都绑定了 VIP ,如果不做设置它们会应答,就会乱套 )。
在所有control plane节点执行realserver.sh脚本:
[root@master01 init.d]# chmod u+x realserver.sh
[root@master01 init.d]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/realserver.sh start
RealServer Start OK
给realserver.sh脚本授予执行权限并运行realserver.sh脚本
[root@master01 init.d]# sed -i '$a /etc/rc.d/init.d/realserver.sh start' /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@master01 init.d]# chmod u+x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@client ~]# cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
[root@client ~]# yum clean all
[root@client ~]# yum -y makecache
[root@client ~]# yum install -y kubectl-1.16.4
安装版本与集群版本保持一致
[root@client ~]# yum -y install bash-completion
[root@client ~]# source /etc/profile.d/bash_completion.sh
[root@client ~]# mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes
[root@client ~]# scp 172.27.34.35:/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf /etc/kubernetes/
[root@client ~]# echo "export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf" >> ~/.bash_profile
[root@client ~]# source .bash_profile
[root@master01 ~]# echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bash_profile
[root@master01 ~]# source .bash_profile
[root@client ~]# kubectl get nodes
[root@client ~]# kubectl get cs
[root@client ~]# kubectl cluster-info
[root@client ~]# kubectl get po -o wide -n kube-system
本节内容都在client节点完成。
[root@client ~]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0-beta8/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
如果连接超时,可以多试几次。recommended.yaml已上传,也可以在文末下载。
[root@client ~]# sed -i 's/kubernetesui/registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com\/loong576/g' recommended.yaml
由于默认的镜像仓库网络访问不通,故改成阿里镜像
[root@client ~]# sed -i '/targetPort: 8443/a\ \ \ \ \ \ nodePort: 30001\n\ \ type: NodePort' recommended.yaml
配置NodePort,外部通过https://NodeIp:NodePort 访问Dashboard,此时端口为30001
[root@client ~]# cat >> recommended.yaml << EOF
---
# ------------------- dashboard-admin ------------------- #
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: dashboard-admin
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: dashboard-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: dashboard-admin
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: cluster-admin
创建超级管理员的账号用于登录Dashboard
[root@client ~]# kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml
[root@client ~]# kubectl get all -n kubernetes-dashboard
[root@client ~]# kubectl describe secrets -n kubernetes-dashboard dashboard-admin
令牌为:
eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6Ii1SOU1pNGswQnJCVUtCaks2TlBnMGxUdGRSdTlPS0s0MjNjUkdlNzFRVXMifQ.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.WJPzxkAGYjtq556d3HuXNh7g0sDYm2h7U_FsPDvvfhquYSccPGJ1UzX-lKxhPYyCegc603D7yFCc9zQOzpONttkue3rGdOz8KePOAHCUX7Xp_yTcJg15BPxQDDny6Lebu0fFXh_fpbU2_35nG28lRjiwKG3mV3O5uHdX5nk500RBmLkw3F054ww66hgFBfTH2HVDi1jOlAKWC0xatdxuqp2JkMqiBCZ_8Zwhi66EQYAMT1xu8Sn5-ur_6QsgaNNYhCeNxqHUiEFIZdLNu8QAnsKJJuhxxXd2KhIF6dwMvvOPG1djKCKSyNRn-SGILDucu1_6FoBG1DiNcIr90cPAtA
请使用火狐浏览器访问:https://control plane ip:30001,即https://172.27.34.35/36/37:30001/
接受风险
通过令牌方式登录
登录的首页显示
切换到命名空间kubernetes-dashboard,查看资源。
Dashboard提供了可以实现集群管理、工作负载、服务发现和负载均衡、存储、字典配置、日志视图等功能。
为了丰富dashboard的统计数据和图表,可以安装heapster组件。heapster组件实践详见:k8s实践(十一):heapster+influxdb+grafana实现kubernetes集群监
通过ipvsadm查看apiserver所在节点,通过leader-elect查看scheduler和controller-manager所在节点:
在lvs-keepalived01上执行ipvsadm查看apiserver转发到的服务器
[root@lvs-keepalived01 ~]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 172.27.34.222:6443 wrr
-> 172.27.34.35:6443 Route 10 2 0
-> 172.27.34.36:6443 Route 10 2 0
-> 172.27.34.37:6443 Route 10 2 0
在client节点上查看controller-manager和scheduler组件所在节点
[root@client ~]# kubectl get endpoints kube-controller-manager -n kube-system -o yaml |grep holderIdentity
control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader: '{"holderIdentity":"master01_0a2bcea9-d17e-405b-8b28-5059ca434144","leaseDurationSeconds":15,"acquireTime":"2020-01-19T03:07:51Z","renewTime":"2020-01-19T04:40:20Z","leaderTransitions":2}'
[root@client ~]# kubectl get endpoints kube-scheduler -n kube-system -o yaml |grep holderIdentity
control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader: '{"holderIdentity":"master01_c284cee8-57cf-46e7-a578-6c0a10aedb37","leaseDurationSeconds":15,"acquireTime":"2020-01-19T03:07:51Z","renewTime":"2020-01-19T04:40:30Z","leaderTransitions":2}'
组件名 | 所在节点 |
---|---|
apiserver | master01、master02、master03 |
controller-manager | master01 |
scheduler | master01 |
关闭master01,模拟宕机
[root@master01 ~]# init 0
lvs-keepalived01上查看apiserver节点链接情况
[root@lvs-keepalived01 ~]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 172.27.34.222:6443 wrr
-> 172.27.34.36:6443 Route 10 4 0
-> 172.27.34.37:6443 Route 10 2 0
发现master01的apiserver被移除集群,即访问172.27.34.222:64443时不会被调度到master01
client节点上再次运行查看controller-manager和scheduler命令
[root@client ~]# kubectl get endpoints kube-controller-manager -n kube-system -o yaml |grep holderIdentity
control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader: '{"holderIdentity":"master03_9481b109-f236-432a-a2cb-8d0c27417396","leaseDurationSeconds":15,"acquireTime":"2020-01-19T04:42:22Z","renewTime":"2020-01-19T04:45:45Z","leaderTransitions":3}'
[root@client ~]# kubectl get endpoints kube-scheduler -n kube-system -o yaml |grep holderIdentity
control-plane.alpha.kubernetes.io/leader: '{"holderIdentity":"master03_6d84981b-3ab9-4a00-a86a-47bd2f5c7729","leaseDurationSeconds":15,"acquireTime":"2020-01-19T04:42:23Z","renewTime":"2020-01-19T04:45:48Z","leaderTransitions":3}'
[root@client ~]#
controller-manager和scheduler都被切换到master03节点
组件名 | 所在节点 |
---|---|
apiserver | master02、master03 |
controller-manager | master03 |
scheduler | master03 |
所有功能性测试都在client节点完成。
[root@client ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master01 NotReady master 22h v1.16.4
master02 Ready master 22h v1.16.4
master03 Ready master 22h v1.16.4
work01 Ready <none> 22h v1.16.4
work02 Ready <none> 22h v1.16.4
work03 Ready <none> 22h v1.16.4
master01状态为NotReady
[root@client ~]# more nginx-master.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1 #描述文件遵循extensions/v1beta1版本的Kubernetes API
kind: Deployment #创建资源类型为Deployment
metadata: #该资源元数据
name: nginx-master #Deployment名称
spec: #Deployment的规格说明
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx
replicas: 3 #指定副本数为3
template: #定义Pod的模板
metadata: #定义Pod的元数据
labels: #定义label(标签)
app: nginx #label的key和value分别为app和nginx
spec: #Pod的规格说明
containers:
- name: nginx #容器的名称
image: nginx:latest #创建容器所使用的镜像
[root@client ~]# kubectl apply -f nginx-master.yaml
deployment.apps/nginx-master created
[root@client ~]# kubectl get po -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
nginx-master-75b7bfdb6b-9d66p 1/1 Running 0 20s 10.244.3.6 work01 <none> <none>
nginx-master-75b7bfdb6b-h5bql 1/1 Running 0 20s 10.244.5.5 work03 <none> <none>
nginx-master-75b7bfdb6b-zmc68 1/1 Running 0 20s 10.244.4.5 work02 <none> <none>
以新建pod nginx为例测试集群是否能正常对外提供服务。
在3节点的k8s集群中,当有一个control plane节点宕机时,集群各项功能不受影响。
在master01处于关闭状态下,继续关闭master02,测试集群还能否正常对外服务。
[root@master02 ~]# init 0
[root@lvs-keepalived01 ~]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 172.27.34.222:6443 wrr
-> 172.27.34.37:6443 Route 10 6 20
此时对集群的访问都转到master03
[root@client ~]# kubectl get nodes
The connection to the server 172.27.34.222:6443 was refused - did you specify the right host or port?
在3节点的k8s集群中,当有两个control plane节点同时宕机时,etcd集群崩溃,整个k8s集群也不能正常对外服务。
[root@client ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master01 Ready master 161m v1.16.4
master02 Ready master 144m v1.16.4
master03 Ready master 142m v1.16.4
work01 Ready <none> 137m v1.16.4
work02 Ready <none> 135m v1.16.4
work03 Ready <none> 134m v1.16.4
集群内个节点运行正常
[root@lvs-keepalived01 ~]# ip a|grep 222
inet 172.27.34.222/32 scope global ens160
发现vip运行在lvs-keepalived01上
lvs-keepalived01:
[root@lvs-keepalived01 ~]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 172.27.34.222:6443 wrr
-> 172.27.34.35:6443 Route 10 6 0
-> 172.27.34.36:6443 Route 10 0 0
-> 172.27.34.37:6443 Route 10 38 0
lvs-keepalived02:
[root@lvs-keepalived02 ~]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 172.27.34.222:6443 wrr
-> 172.27.34.35:6443 Route 10 0 0
-> 172.27.34.36:6443 Route 10 0 0
-> 172.27.34.37:6443 Route 10 0 0
关闭lvs-keepalived01,模拟宕机
[root@lvs-keepalived01 ~]# init 0
[root@client ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master01 Ready master 166m v1.16.4
master02 Ready master 148m v1.16.4
master03 Ready master 146m v1.16.4
work01 Ready <none> 141m v1.16.4
work02 Ready <none> 139m v1.16.4
work03 Ready <none> 138m v1.16.4
集群内个节点运行正常
[root@lvs-keepalived02 ~]# ip a|grep 222
inet 172.27.34.222/32 scope global ens160
发现vip已漂移至lvs-keepalived02
lvs-keepalived02:
[root@lvs-keepalived02 ~]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 172.27.34.222:6443 wrr
-> 172.27.34.35:6443 Route 10 1 0
-> 172.27.34.36:6443 Route 10 4 0
-> 172.27.34.37:6443 Route 10 1 0
[root@client ~]# kubectl delete -f nginx-master.yaml
deployment.apps "nginx-master" deleted
[root@client ~]# kubectl get po -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
nginx-master-75b7bfdb6b-9d66p 0/1 Terminating 0 20m 10.244.3.6 work01 <none> <none>
nginx-master-75b7bfdb6b-h5bql 0/1 Terminating 0 20m 10.244.5.5 work03 <none> <none>
nginx-master-75b7bfdb6b-zmc68 0/1 Terminating 0 20m 10.244.4.5 work02 <none> <none>
[root@client ~]# kubectl get po -o wide
No resources found in default namespace.
删除之前新建的pod nginx,成功删除。
当lvs-keepalived集群有一台宕机时,对k8s集群无影响,仍能正常对外提供服务。
以上就是用lvs和keepalived部署kubernetes集群的步骤,内容较为全面,而且我也相信有相当的一些工具可能是我们日常工作可能会见到或用到的。通过这篇文章,希望你能收获更多。
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