这篇文章主要介绍如何列出所有Bash Shell内置命令，文中介绍的非常详细，具有一定的参考价值，感兴趣的小伙伴们一定要看完！
前言
Shell有很多内置在其源代码中的命令。这些命令是内置的，所以Shell不必到磁盘上搜索它们，执行速度因此加快。不同的Shell内置命令有所不同。
内置命令包含在 bash shell 本身里面。我该如何在 Linux / Apple OS X / *BSD / Unix 类操作系统列出所有的内置 bash 命令，而不用去读大篇的 bash 操作说明页？
shell 内置命令就是一个命令或一个函数，从 shell 中调用，它直接在 shell 中执行。 bash shell 直接执行该命令而无需调用其他程序。你可以使用 help 命令查看 Bash 内置命令的信息。以下是几种不同类型的内置命令。
内置命令的类型
Bourne Shell 内置命令：内置命令继承自 Bourne Shell。
Bash 内置命令：特定于 Bash 的内置命令表。
修改 Shell 行为：修改 shell 属性和可选行为的内置命令。
特别的内置命令：由 POSIX 特别分类的内置命令。
如何查看所有 bash 内置命令
有以下的命令：
$ help $ help | less $ help | grep read
样例输出：
GNU bash, version 4.1.5(1)-release (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)
These shell commands are defined internally. Type `help' to see this list.
Type `help name' to find out more about the function `name'.
Use `info bash' to find out more about the shell in general.
Use `man -k' or `info' to find out more about commands not in this list.
A star (*) next to a name means that the command is disabled.
job_spec [&] history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or hist>
(( expression )) if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif C>
. filename [arguments] jobs [-lnprs] [jobspec ...] or jobs >
: kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigs>
[ arg... ] let arg [arg ...]
[[ expression ]] local [option] name[=value] ...
alias [-p] [name[=value] ... ] logout [n]
bg [job_spec ...] mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s c>
bind [-lpvsPVS] [-m keymap] [-f filen> popd [-n] [+N | -N]
break [n] printf [-v var] format [arguments]
builtin [shell-builtin [arg ...]] pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]
caller [expr] pwd [-LP]
case WORD in [PATTERN [| PATTERN]...)> read [-ers] [-a array] [-d delim] [->
cd [-L|-P] [dir] readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s>
command [-pVv] command [arg ...] readonly [-af] [name[=value] ...] or>
compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] > return [n]
complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DE] > select NAME [in WORDS ... ;] do COMM>
compopt [-o|+o option] [-DE] [name ..> set [--abefhkmnptuvxBCHP] [-o option>
continue [n] shift [n]
coproc [NAME] command [redirections] shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]
declare [-aAfFilrtux] [-p] [name[=val> source filename [arguments]
dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N] suspend [-f]
disown [-h] [-ar] [jobspec ...] test [expr]
echo [-neE] [arg ...] time [-p] pipeline
enable [-a] [-dnps] [-f filename] [na> times
eval [arg ...] trap [-lp] [[arg] signal_spec ...]
exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [argume> true
exit [n] type [-afptP] name [name ...]
export [-fn] [name[=value] ...] or ex> typeset [-aAfFilrtux] [-p] name[=val>
false ulimit [-SHacdefilmnpqrstuvx] [limit>
fc [-e ename] [-lnr] [first] [last] o> umask [-p] [-S] [mode]
fg [job_spec] unalias [-a] name [name ...]
for NAME [in WORDS ... ] ; do COMMAND> unset [-f] [-v] [name ...]
for (( exp1; exp2; exp3 )); do COMMAN> until COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done
function name { COMMANDS ; } or name > variables - Names and meanings of so>
getopts optstring name [arg] wait [id]
hash [-lr] [-p pathname] [-dt] [name > while COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done
help [-dms] [pattern ...] { COMMANDS ; }另外一种选择是使用下列命令：
compgen -b compgen -b | more
查看 Bash 的内置命令信息
运行以下得到详细信息：
help command help read
要仅得到所有带简短描述的内置命令的列表，执行如下:
$ help -d
查找内置命令的语法和其他选项
使用下列语法去找出更多的相关内置命令：
help name help cd help fg help for help read help :
样例输出：
:: : Null command. No effect; the command does nothing. Exit Status: Always succeeds
找出一个命令是内部的（内置）还是外部的
使用 type 命令或 command 命令：
type -a command-name-here type -a cd type -a uname type -a : type -a ls
或者：
type -a cd uname : ls uname
样例输出：
cd is a shell builtin
uname is /bin/uname
: is a shell builtin
ls is aliased to `ls --color=auto'
ls is /bin/ls
l is a function
l ()
{
ls --color=auto
}或者：
command -V ls command -V cd command -V foo
View list bash built-ins command info on Linux or Unix
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