Linux系统下怎么对硬盘分区进行扩容

这篇文章主要讲解了“Linux系统下怎么对硬盘分区进行扩容”，文中的讲解内容简单清晰，易于学习与理解，下面请大家跟着小编的思路慢慢深入，一起来研究和学习“Linux系统下怎么对硬盘分区进行扩容”吧！

硬盘快满了，加硬盘扩容，不管是独立的服务器，还是云空间新买的硬盘，扩容方式一样。

一，不采用lvm，直接将硬盘挂载到目录
1，查看硬盘分区情况

代码如下:

[root@iZ94zz3wqciZ ~]# df  
Filesystem     1K-blocks     Used Available Use% Mounted on  
/dev/xvda1      20641404 14778400   4814480  76% /  
tmpfs             509300        0    509300   0% /dev/shm  
 
[root@iZ94zz3wqciZ ~]# fdisk -l  
 
Disk /dev/xvda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes  
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders  
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes  
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
Disk identifier: 0x00078f9c  
 
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System  
/dev/xvda1   *           1        2611    20970496   83  Linux     //id是83，非lvm  
 
Disk /dev/xvdb: 23.6 GB, 23622320128 bytes         //新买的硬盘  
255 heads, 56 sectors/track, 3230 cylinders  
Units = cylinders of 14280 * 512 = 7311360 bytes  
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
Disk identifier: 0x27cc1f5a  

2，硬盘分区并查看分区情况

代码如下:

[root@iZ94zz3wqciZ ~]# fdisk -S 56 /dev/xvdb      //分区  
 
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
        switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
        sectors (command 'u').  
 
Command (m for help): n   //输入n  
Command action  
  e   extended  
  p   primary partition (1-4)  
p  //主分区  
Partition number (1-4): 1   //分区号1  
First cylinder (1-3230, default 1):  
Using default value 1  
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-3230, default 3230):  
Using default value 3230  
 
Command (m for help): wq   //保存并退出  
The partition table has been altered!  
 
[root@iZ94zz3wqciZ ~]# fdisk -l      
 
Disk /dev/xvda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes  
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders  
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes  
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
Disk identifier: 0x00078f9c  
 
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System  
/dev/xvda1   *           1        2611    20970496   83  Linux  
 
Disk /dev/xvdb: 23.6 GB, 23622320128 bytes  
255 heads, 56 sectors/track, 3230 cylinders  
Units = cylinders of 14280 * 512 = 7311360 bytes  
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
Disk identifier: 0x27cc1f5a  
 
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System  
/dev/xvdb1               1        3230    23062172   83  Linux    //分区后  

3，格式化新分区xvdb1

代码如下:

[root@iZ94zz3wqciZ ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdb1   //格式化分区  
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)  
Filesystem label=  
OS type: Linux  
Block size=4096 (log=2)  
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)  
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks  
1441792 inodes, 5765543 blocks  
288277 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user  
First data block=0  
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296  
176 block groups  
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group  
8192 inodes per group  
Superblock backups stored on blocks:  
       32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,  
       4096000  
 
Writing inode tables: done  
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done  
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done  
 
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 35 mounts or  
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.  

4，创建目录，并挂载分区

代码如下:

[root@iZ94zz3wqciZ ~]# mkdir /mnt/fastdfs    //挂载目录  
[root@iZ94zz3wqciZ ~]# echo "/dev/xvdb1    /mnt/fastdfs    ext4    defaults    0 0" >> /etc/fstab   //重启会自动挂载  
[root@iZ94zz3wqciZ ~]# mount -a    //挂载所有目录  
 
[root@iZ94zz3wqciZ ~]# df  
Filesystem     1K-blocks     Used Available Use% Mounted on  
/dev/xvda1      20641404 14778404   4814476  76% /  
tmpfs             509300        0    509300   0% /dev/shm  
/dev/xvdb1      22694396   176064  21365516   1% /mnt/fastdfs    //新的分区已挂载  

到这儿，就把一块独立的硬盘加到系统当中了。这种扩容的方式操作简单，但是扩展性不强，不推荐这种扩容方式。

二，采用lvm的方式，进行硬盘扩容（推荐）
1，取消前面测试的挂载，并删除分区

代码如下:

[root@iZ94zz3wqciZ ~]# umount -a         //取消挂载  
 
[root@iZ94zz3wqciZ ~]# fdisk /dev/xvdb   //分区  
 
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
        switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
        sectors (command 'u').  
 
Command (m for help): d       //删除分区  
Selected partition 1  
 
Command (m for help): wq     //保存  
The partition table has been altered!  

2，安装lvm

代码如下:

[root@iZ94zz3wqciZ nginx]# uname -a   //查看内核信息  
Linux iZ94zz3wqciZ 2.6.32-431.23.3.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Jul 31 17:20:51 UTC 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux  
 
[root@iZ94zz3wqciZ ~]# yum install lvm2 device-mapper   //安装 LVM2，2.6.9以后版本不用装device-mapper  
 
[root@iZ94zz3wqciZ nginx]# lsmod | grep dm_mod    //是否加载了dm_mod  
dm_mod                 84337  5 dm_mirror,dm_log  

lvm的安装,首先加载device-mapper模块，从linux内核2.6.9开始，device-mapper模块就已经包含在内，所以你只需加载即可。加载mapper模块：modprobe dm_mod。
3，创建lvm分区

代码如下:

[root@iZ94zz3wqciZ ~]# fdisk /dev/xvdb   //分区  
 
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
        switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
        sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): l

0  Empty           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / old Lin bf  Solaris
1  FAT12           39  Plan 9          82  Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2  XENIX root      3c  PartitionMagic  83  Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3  XENIX usr       40  Venix 80286     84  OS/2 hidden C:  c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4  FAT16 <32M      41  PPC PReP Boot   85  Linux extended  c7  Syrinx
5  Extended        42  SFS             86  NTFS volume set da  Non-FS data
6  FAT16           4d  QNX4.x          87  NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS / .
7  HPFS/NTFS       4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 88  Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility
8  AIX             4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt
9  AIX bootable    50  OnTrack DM      93  Amoeba          e1  DOS access
a  OS/2 Boot Manag 51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R/O
b  W95 FAT32       52  CP/M            9f  BSD/OS          e4  SpeedStor
c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a0  IBM Thinkpad hi eb  BeOS fs
e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a5  FreeBSD         ee  GPT
f  W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55  EZ-Drive        a6  OpenBSD         ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/  
10  OPUS            56  Golden Bow      a7  NeXTSTEP        f0  Linux/PA-RISC b  
11  Hidden FAT12    5c  Priam Edisk     a8  Darwin UFS      f1  SpeedStor  
12  Compaq diagnost 61  SpeedStor       a9  NetBSD          f4  SpeedStor  
14  Hidden FAT16 <3 63  GNU HURD or Sys ab  Darwin boot     f2  DOS secondary  
16  Hidden FAT16    64  Novell Netware  af  HFS / HFS+      fb  VMware VMFS  
17  Hidden HPFS/NTF 65  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fc  VMware VMKCORE  
18  AST SmartSleep  70  DiskSecure Mult b8  BSDI swap       fd  Linux raid auto  
1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           bb  Boot Wizard hid fe  LANstep  
1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 80  Old Minix       be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT  
1e  Hidden W95 FAT1  
 
Command (m for help): n  
Command action  
  e   extended  
  p   primary partition (1-4)  
p  
Partition number (1-4): 1  
First cylinder (1-2871, default 1):  
Using default value 1  
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2871, default 2871):  
Using default value 2871  
 
Command (m for help): p  
 
Disk /dev/xvdb: 23.6 GB, 23622320128 bytes  
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2871 cylinders  
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes  
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
Disk identifier: 0x27cc1f5a  
 
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System  
/dev/xvdb1               1        2871    23061276   83  Linux      //不是lvm分区格式  
 
Command (m for help): t    //转换  
Selected partition 1  
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e     //换成8e  
Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)  
 
Command (m for help): p  
 
Disk /dev/xvdb: 23.6 GB, 23622320128 bytes  
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2871 cylinders  
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes  
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes  
Disk identifier: 0x27cc1f5a  
 
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System  
/dev/xvdb1               1        2871    23061276   8e  Linux LVM     //现在lvm分区格式了  
 
Command (m for help): wq  
The partition table has been altered!  
 
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.  
Syncing disks.  

4，创建逻辑卷组，以及逻辑卷等

代码如下:

[root@iZ94zz3wqciZ ~]# pvcreate /dev/xvdb1     //创建物理卷  
 Physical volume "/dev/xvdb1" successfully created  
 
[root@iZ94zz3wqciZ ~]# vgcreate myfiles /dev/xvdb1    //创建逻辑卷组  
 Volume group "myfiles" successfully created  
 
[root@iZ94zz3wqciZ ~]# vgchange -ay myfiles   //激活逻辑卷组  
 0 logical volume(s) in volume group "myfiles" now active  
 
[root@iZ94zz3wqciZ ~]# vgdisplay myfiles | grep "Total PE"    //查看该卷组所有的PE  
 Total PE              5629  
 
[root@iZ94zz3wqciZ ~]# lvcreate -l 5629 -n fastdfs myfiles    //创建逻辑卷  
 Logical volume "fastdfs" created.

 
5，格式化逻辑卷

代码如下:

[root@iZ94zz3wqciZ ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/myfiles/fastdfs    //格式化逻辑卷  
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)  
Filesystem label=  
OS type: Linux  
Block size=4096 (log=2)  
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)  
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks  
1441792 inodes, 5764096 blocks  
288204 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user  
First data block=0  
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296  
176 block groups  
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group  
8192 inodes per group  
Superblock backups stored on blocks:  
       32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,  
       4096000  
 
Writing inode tables: done  
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done  
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done  
 
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 39 mounts or  
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

6,设置自动挂载，并查看分区

代码如下:

[root@iZ94zz3wqciZ ~]# echo '/dev/myfiles/fastdfs     /mnt/fastdfs            ext4    defaults        0 0' >> /etc/fstab   //自动挂载  
[root@iZ94zz3wqciZ ~]# mount -a     //手动挂载  
[root@iZ94zz3wqciZ ~]# df  
Filesystem           1K-blocks     Used Available Use% Mounted on  
/dev/xvda1            20641404 14778608   4814272  76% /  
tmpfs                   509300        0    509300   0% /dev/shm  
/dev/mapper/myfiles-fastdfs  
                     22694396   176064  21365516   1% /mnt/fastdfs     //lvm逻辑卷已挂载  
 
[root@iZ94zz3wqciZ ~]# reboot     //操作完最好重启一下  

7，再扩容一块硬盘到已有逻辑卷

代码如下:

[root@iZ94zz3wqciZ ~]# fdisk /dev/xvdc   //详细过程同上，就不详细说明了  
 
[root@iZ94zz3wqciZ ~]# reboot  
 
[root@iZ94zz3wqciZ ~]# pvcreate /dev/xvdc1     //创建物理卷  
 Physical volume "/dev/xvdc1" successfully created  
 
[root@iZ94zz3wqciZ ~]# vgextend myfiles /dev/xvdc1    //将新硬盘加入卷组  
 Volume group "myfiles" successfully extended  
 
[root@iZ94zz3wqciZ ~]# vgdisplay myfiles | grep "Total PE"  //查看所有PE  
 Total PE              6907  
 
[root@iZ94zz3wqciZ ~]# lvresize -l 6907 /dev/myfiles/fastdfs  //重新规定大小  
 Size of logical volume myfiles/fastdfs changed from 21.99 GiB (5629 extents) to 26.98 GiB (6907 extents).  
 Logical volume fastdfs successfully resized  
 
[root@iZ94zz3wqciZ ~]# resize2fs /dev/myfiles/fastdfs    //重新规定大小  
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)  
Filesystem at /dev/myfiles/fastdfs is mounted on /mnt/fastdfs; on-line resizing required  
old desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 2  
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/myfiles/fastdfs to 7072768 (4k) blocks.  
The filesystem on /dev/myfiles/fastdfs is now 7072768 blocks long.  
 
[root@iZ94zz3wqciZ ~]# df -h  
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on  
/dev/xvda1             20G   15G  4.6G  76% /  
tmpfs                 498M     0  498M   0% /dev/shm  
/dev/mapper/myfiles-fastdfs  
                      27G  172M   26G   1% /mnt/fastdfs       //新的5G硬盘加上去了  

如果是频繁的扩容硬盘的话，LVM是首选，扩展真的很方便。

感谢各位的阅读，以上就是“Linux系统下怎么对硬盘分区进行扩容”的内容了，经过本文的学习后，相信大家对Linux系统下怎么对硬盘分区进行扩容这一问题有了更深刻的体会，具体使用情况还需要大家实践验证。这里是亿速云，小编将为大家推送更多相关知识点的文章，欢迎关注！