如何在Linux中使用Smartctl监控磁盘性能

本篇内容主要讲解“如何在Linux中使用Smartctl监控磁盘性能”，感兴趣的朋友不妨来看看。本文介绍的方法操作简单快捷，实用性强。下面就让小编来带大家学习“如何在Linux中使用Smartctl监控磁盘性能”吧!

Smartctl（S.M.A.R.T 自监控，分析和报告技术）是类Unix系统下实施SMART任务命令行套件或工具，它用于打印SMART自检和错误日志，启用并禁用SMRAT自动检测，以及初始化设备自检。

Smartctl对于Linux物理服务器十分有用，在这些服务器上，可以对智能磁盘进行错误检查，并将与硬件RAID相关的磁盘信息摘录下来。

在本帖中，我们将讨论smartctl命令的一些实用样例。如果你的Linux上海没有安装smartctl，请按以下步骤来安装。
安装 Smartctl

对于 Ubuntu

代码如下:

$ sudo apt-get install smartmontools

对于 CentOS & RHEL

代码如下:

# yum install smartmontools

启动Smartctl服务

对于 Ubuntu

代码如下:

$ sudo /etc/init.d/smartmontools start

对于 CentOS & RHEL

代码如下:

# service smartd start ; chkconfig smartd on

样例
样例：1 检查磁盘的 Smart 功能是否启用

代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -i /dev/sdb
   smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
   Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
   
   === START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
   Model Family:     Seagate Momentus 5400.6
   Device Model:     ST9320325AS
   Serial Number:    5VD2V59T
   LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 020a37ec4
   Firmware Version: 0002BSM1
   User Capacity:    320,072,933,376 bytes [320 GB]
   Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical
   Rotation Rate:    5400 rpm
   Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
   ATA Version is:   ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
   SATA Version is:  SATA 2.6, 1.5 Gb/s
   Local Time is:    Sun Nov 16 12:32:09 2014 IST
   SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
   SMART support is: Enabled

这里‘/dev/sdb’是你的硬盘。上面输出中的最后两行显示了SMART功能已启用。
样例：2 启用磁盘的 Smart 功能

代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -s on /dev/sdb
   smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
   Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
   
   === START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION ===
   SMART Enabled.

样例：3 禁用磁盘的 Smart 功能

代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -s off  /dev/sdb
   smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
   Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
   
   === START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION ===
   SMART Disabled. Use option -s with argument 'on' to enable it.

样例：4 显示磁盘的详细 Smart 信息

代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -a /dev/sdb              // For IDE drive
   root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -a -d ata /dev/sdb       // For SATA drive

样例：5 显示磁盘总体健康状况

代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -H  /dev/sdb
   smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
   Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
   
   === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
   SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
   Warning: This result is based on an Attribute check.
   Please note the following marginal Attributes:
   ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
   190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022   067   045   045    Old_age   Always   In_the_past 33 (Min/Max 25/33)

样例：6 使用long和short选项测试硬盘

Long测试

代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=long /dev/sdb
   smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
   Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
   
   === START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
   Sending command: "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
   Drive command "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
   Testing has begun.
   Please wait 102 minutes for test to complete.
   Test will complete after Sun Nov 16 14:29:43 2014
   
   Use smartctl -X to abort test.

或者，我们可以重定向测试输出到日志文件，就像下面这样

代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=long /dev/sdb > /var/log/long.text

Short测试

代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=short /dev/sdb
   smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
   Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
   
   === START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
   Sending command: "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
   Drive command "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
   Testing has begun.
   Please wait 1 minutes for test to complete.
   Test will complete after Sun Nov 16 12:51:45 2014

    
    Use smartctl -X to abort test.

或

代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=short /dev/sdb > /var/log/short.text

注意：short测试将花费最多2分钟，而在long测试中没有时间限制，因为它会读取并验证磁盘的每个段。
样例：7 查看驱动器的自检结果

代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -l selftest /dev/sdb
   smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
   Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
   
   === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
   SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
   Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
   # 1  Short offline       Completed: read failure       90%       492         210841222
   # 2  Extended offline    Completed: read failure       90%       492         210841222

样例：8 计算测试时间估值

代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -c  /dev/sdb
   smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
   Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
   
   === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
   General SMART Values:
   Offline data collection status:  (0x00)    Offline data collection activity
                       was never started.
                       Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
   Self-test execution status:      ( 121)    The previous self-test completed having
                       the read element of the test failed.
   Total time to complete Offline
   data collection:         (    0) seconds.
   Offline data collection
   capabilities:              (0x73) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                       Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                       Suspend Offline collection upon new
                       command.
                       No Offline surface scan supported.
                       Self-test supported.
                       Conveyance Self-test supported.
                       Selective Self-test supported.
   SMART capabilities:            (0x0003)    Saves SMART data before entering
                       power-saving mode.
                       Supports SMART auto save timer.
   Error logging capability:        (0x01)    Error logging supported.
                       General Purpose Logging supported.
   Short self-test routine
   recommended polling time:      (   1) minutes.
   Extended self-test routine
   recommended polling time:      ( 102) minutes.
   Conveyance self-test routine
   recommended polling time:      (   2) minutes.
   SCT capabilities:            (0x103b)    SCT Status supported.
                       SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
                       SCT Feature Control supported.
                       SCT Data Table supported.

样例：9 显示磁盘错误日志

代码如下:

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -l error  /dev/sdb
   
   Sample Output
   
   smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
   Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
   
   === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
   SMART Error Log Version: 1
   ATA Error Count: 5
       CR = Command Register [HEX]
       FR = Features Register [HEX]
       SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
       SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
       CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
       CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
       DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
       DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
       ER = Error register [HEX]
       ST = Status register [HEX]
   Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
   DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
   SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
   
   Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
     CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
     -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
     25 da 08 e7 e5 a5 4c 00      00:30:44.515  READ DMA EXT
     25 da 08 df e5 a5 4c 00      00:30:44.514  READ DMA EXT
     25 da 80 5f e5 a5 4c 00      00:30:44.502  READ DMA EXT
     25 da f0 5f e6 a5 4c 00      00:30:44.496  READ DMA EXT
     25 da 10 4f e6 a5 4c 00      00:30:44.383  READ DMA EXT

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