这篇文章主要介绍了Mysql如何实现主从配置和多主多从配置，具有一定借鉴价值，感兴趣的朋友可以参考下，希望大家阅读完这篇文章之后大有收获，下面让小编带着大家一起了解一下。
我们现在模拟的是主从(1台主机、一台从机)，其主从同步的原理，就是对bin-log二进制文件的同步，将这个文件的内容从主机同步到从机。
我们首先需要mysql主机(192.168.254.130)的/etc/my.cnf配置文件，添加如下配置:
#主机唯一ID server-id=1 #二进制日志 log-bin=mysql-bin #不需要同步的数据库 binlog-ignore-db=mysql binlog-ignore-db=information_schema #同步的数据库名称 binlog-do-db=mycat #二进制的格式 binlog_format=STATEMENT
我们看下目前整个my.cnf文件
[root@localhost Desktop]# cat /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data basedir=/usr/local/mysql socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock user=mysql # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 server-id=1 log-bin=mysql-bin binlog-ignore-db=mysql binlog-ignore-db=information_schema binlog-do-db=mycat binlog_format=STATEMENT [mysqld_safe] log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.log pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld/mysqld.pid [root@localhost Desktop]#
修改主机的配置文件后，我们需要通过命令重启下服务:
[root@localhost support-files]# ls magic mysqld_multi.server mysql-log-rotate mysql.server [root@localhost support-files]# pwd /usr/local/mysql/support-files [root@localhost support-files]# ./mysql.server restart
然后我们修改下从机(192.168.254.131)的配置文件。
从机的配置修改比较简单：
#从机机器唯一ID server-id=2 #中继日志 relay-log=mysql-relay
同样修改配置后，我们重启下从机
下面我们可以通过命令连接到mysql的命令端：
[root@localhost bin]# [root@localhost bin]# pwd /usr/local/mysql/bin [root@localhost bin]# ./mysql -uroot -p
1）、创建同步用户
首先我们可以在主机创建一个专门用于主从同步用户，通过命令：
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'SLAVE'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
2）、查看同步文件状态
然后我们通过show master status;查看主机的同步内容状态：
mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 154 | mycat | mysql,information_schema | | +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
1）、设置从机的主机
执行如下命令，这里设置了我们与主机建立同步的相关信息
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.254.130', MASTER_USER='SLAVE', MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=430;
这里如果提示已经设置了主机配置，可以通过stop slave&reset master进行重置。
2）、启动同步
下面我们再通过start slave开启同步：
就可以看到：
mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.254.130 Master_User: SLAVE Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 592 Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 482 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 592 Relay_Log_Space: 685 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 Master_UUID: 74397a99-accf-11eb-ae0d-000c2912d302 Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql/data/master.info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 0 Replicate_Rewrite_DB: Channel_Name: Master_TLS_Version: 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
这里我们可以看到Slave_IO_Running、Slave_SQL_Running都为YES，则成功了，如果是下面这种：
*************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Connecting to master Master_Host: 192.168.254.130 Master_User: slave Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 430 Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay.000001 Relay_Log_Pos: 4 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Connecting Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 430 Relay_Log_Space: 154 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 1045 Last_IO_Error: error connecting to master 'slave@192.168.254.130:3306' - retry-time: 60 retries: 1 Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 0 Master_UUID: Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql/data/master.info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 210505 00:18:08 Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 0 Replicate_Rewrite_DB: Channel_Name: Master_TLS_Version: 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
我们可以看到Last_IO_Error这里有错误，我们就可以去看下日志报的什么问题了，目前我这个是因为同步用户写错了才不能同步，按上面说的先停止同步重置，修改后同步命令，再操作一遍就可以了。
我们先在主机创建我们前面设置的要同步的数据库mycat：
mysql> create database mycat; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> use mycat; Database changed mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mycat | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
然后我们就能在从机看到这个库了
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mycat | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3、表数据的初始
下面我们进行表数据的测试
1）、主机
首先我们再主机建立表并插入数据
mysql> use mycat; Database changed mysql> mysql> create table `test1`( -> id int auto_increment not null primary key, -> name varchar(10) default null -> ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) mysql> insert into test1(`id`,`name`) value(1,"petty"); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.16 sec) mysql> select * from test1; +----+-------+ | id | name | +----+-------+ | 1 | petty | +----+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
2）、从机
下面我们在从机查看看有没有成功同步：
mysql> use mycat; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> show tables; +-----------------+ | Tables_in_mycat | +-----------------+ | test1 | +-----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from test1; +----+-------+ | id | name | +----+-------+ | 1 | petty | +----+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
可以看到我们的主从配置已经成功了。
我们还可以多主多从，例如我们一个主从序列是编号1位主机、编号2为从机，然后编号3为主机、编号4为从机，同时编号1主机与编号3主机相互为主从，这样就是其中主机一台有问题，整个mysql集群还是能正常工作。
由于目前只有3台机，只使用三台来写demo(一台windows，两台linux)。
1）、修改配置
我们首先需要修改其原来的etc/my.cnf文件，添加：
# 作为从机也修改其bin-log日志 log-slave-updates #自增长的幅度 auto-increment-increment=2 #自增长的开始位置 auto-increment-offset=1
整个文件的信息
[root@localhost Desktop]# cat /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data basedir=/usr/local/mysql socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock user=mysql # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 server-id=1 log-bin=mysql-bin binlog-ignore-db=mysql binlog-ignore-db=information_schema binlog-do-db=mycat binlog_format=STATEMENT log-slave-updates auto-increment-increment=2 auto-increment-offset=1 [mysqld_safe] log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.log pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld/mysqld.pid [root@localhost Desktop]#
修改这个文件后我们需要重启机器
这台原来已经配置其连接30机器了，所以这次不用修改
1）、修改配置文件
由于这台机器是windows，所以我们需要修改其的my.ini文件，在其最后面添加
server-id=3 log-bin=mysql-bin binlog-ignore-db=mysql binlog-ignore-db=information_schema binlog-do-db=mycat binlog_format=STATEMENT log-slave-updates auto-increment-increment=2 auto-increment-offset=2
注意我们上面改了server-id，同时也改了其的增长开始点auto-increment-offset=2。同时再重启服务。
2）、创建同步用户
首先我们可以在主机创建一个专门用于主从同步用户，通过命令：
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'SLAVE'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
3）、查看状态
mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 154 | mycat | mysql,information_schema | | +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
4）、设置同步的状态
下面我们运行其连接的主机(30)信息
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.254.130', MASTER_USER='SLAVE', MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=430;
5）、编号1主机同步(192.168.254.30)
我们需要设置其去同步编号3主机(192.168.254.1)，即我们前面查看的编号3的(master status)：
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.254.1', MASTER_USER='SLAVE', MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=154;
然后我们在编号1主机执行同步start slave;，也在编号3主机执行同步start slave;。
1）、可能的问题(可略过)
现在我们测试，然后分别查看这两台的master状态show master status;。
mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.254.1 Master_User: SLAVE Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154 Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 320 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes ........
mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.254.130 Master_User: SLAVE Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 462 Relay_Log_File: LAPTOP-QR83QEC0-relay-bin.000003 Relay_Log_Pos: 675 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: .........
可以看到它们的同步都是yes。这里可能有问题，我们需要自己解决，例如我在编号1机器修改配置，然后在查看其的状态，
mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000002 | 462 | mycat | mysql,information_schema | | +------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
我如果以这个消息去让编号3机器同步编号1，就会报(因为我又运行了一条新的插入语句)，但建表语句是在日志mysql-bin.000001，而这里我因为重启了，其有有新的mysql-bin.000002，所以有修改回了原来编号2的同步信息。
mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.254.130 Master_User: SLAVE Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 462 Relay_Log_File: LAPTOP-QR83QEC0-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 320 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: No Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 1146 Last_Error: Error 'Table 'mycat.test1' doesn't exist' on query. Default database: 'mycat'. Query: 'insert into test1(`id`,`name`) value(2,"TOm")'
2）、在编号3插入数据
下面我们再编号3插入数据，看编号1、2能不能看到
在编号3操作：
mysql> insert into test1(`id`,`name`) value(3,"kitt"); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> select * from test1; +----+-------+ | id | name | +----+-------+ | 1 | petty | | 2 | TOm | | 3 | kitt | +----+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
在编号1查看
mysql> select * from test1; +----+-------+ | id | name | +----+-------+ | 1 | petty | | 2 | TOm | | 3 | kitt | +----+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
在编号2查看
mysql> select * from test1; +----+-------+ | id | name | +----+-------+ | 1 | petty | | 2 | TOm | | 3 | kitt | +----+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
可以看到目前我们已经同步成功了，在编号1中能查看到主机编号3的插入信息。
3）、编号1处理数据
下面我们在编号1操作查看
编号1：
mysql> insert into test1(`id`,`name`) value(4,"lisa"); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from test1; +----+-------+ | id | name | +----+-------+ | 1 | petty | | 2 | TOm | | 3 | kitt | | 4 | lisa | +----+-------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
编号3：
mysql> select * from test1; +----+-------+ | id | name | +----+-------+ | 1 | petty | | 2 | TOm | | 3 | kitt | | 4 | lisa | +----+-------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
可以看到其是相互同步的。
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