本篇内容主要讲解“Python爬虫实战之如何采集淘宝商品信息并导入EXCEL表格”,感兴趣的朋友不妨来看看。本文介绍的方法操作简单快捷,实用性强。下面就让小编来带大家学习“Python爬虫实战之如何采集淘宝商品信息并导入EXCEL表格”吧!
一、解析淘宝URL组成
1.我们的第一个需求就是要输入商品名字返回对应的信息
所以我们这里随便选一个商品来观察它的URL,这里我们选择的是书包,打开网页,可知他的URL为:
https://s.taobao.com/search?q=%E4%B9%A6%E5%8C%85&imgfile=&commend=all&ssid=s5-e&search_type=item&sourceId=tb.index&spm=a21bo.2017.201856-taobao-item.1&ie=utf8&initiative_id=tbindexz_20170306
可能单单从这个url里我们看不出什么,但是我们可以从图中看出一些端倪
我们发现q后面的参数就是我们要获取的物品的名字
2.我们第二个需求就是根据输入的数字来爬取商品的页码
所以我们来观察一下后面几页URL的组成
由此我们可以得出分页的依据是最后s的值=(44(页数-1))
二、查看网页源码并用re库提取信息
1.查看源码
这里的几个信息都是我们所需要的
2.re库提取信息
a = re.findall(r'"raw_title":"(.*?)"', html) b = re.findall(r'"view_price":"(.*?)"', html) c = re.findall(r'"item_loc":"(.*?)"', html) d = re.findall(r'"view_sales":"(.*?)"', html)
三:函数填写
这里我写了三个函数,第一个函数来获取html网页,代码如下:
def GetHtml(url): r = requests.get(url,headers =headers) r.raise_for_status() r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding return r
第二个用于获取网页的URL代码如下:
def Geturls(q, x): url = "https://s.taobao.com/search?q=" + q + "&imgfile=&commend=all&ssid=s5-e&search_type=item&sourceId=tb.index&spm" \ "=a21bo.2017.201856-taobao-item.1&ie=utf8&initiative_id=tbindexz_20170306 " urls = [] urls.append(url) if x == 1: return urls for i in range(1, x ): url = "https://s.taobao.com/search?q="+ q + "&commend=all&ssid=s5-e&search_type=item" \ "&sourceId=tb.index&spm=a21bo.2017.201856-taobao-item.1&ie=utf8&initiative_id=tbindexz_20170306" \ "&bcoffset=3&ntoffset=3&p4ppushleft=1%2C48&s=" + str( i * 44) urls.append(url) return urls
第三个用于获取我们需要的商品信息并写入Excel表格代码如下:
def GetxxintoExcel(html): global count#定义一个全局变量count用于后面excel表的填写 a = re.findall(r'"raw_title":"(.*?)"', html)#(.*?)匹配任意字符 b = re.findall(r'"view_price":"(.*?)"', html) c = re.findall(r'"item_loc":"(.*?)"', html) d = re.findall(r'"view_sales":"(.*?)"', html) x = [] for i in range(len(a)): try: x.append((a[i],b[i],c[i],d[i]))#把获取的信息放入新的列表中 except IndexError: break i = 0 for i in range(len(x)): worksheet.write(count + i + 1, 0, x[i][0])#worksheet.write方法用于写入数据,第一个数字是行位置,第二个数字是列,第三个是写入的数据信息。 worksheet.write(count + i + 1, 1, x[i][1]) worksheet.write(count + i + 1, 2, x[i][2]) worksheet.write(count + i + 1, 3, x[i][3]) count = count +len(x) #下次写入的行数是这次的长度+1 return print("已完成")
四:主函数填写
if __name__ == "__main__": count = 0 headers = { "user-agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.149 Safari/537.36" ,"cookie":""#cookie 是每个人独有的,因为反爬机制的缘故,爬取太快可能到后面要重新刷新一下自己的Cookie。 } q = input("输入货物") x = int(input("你想爬取几页")) urls = Geturls(q,x) workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(q+".xlsx") worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet() worksheet.set_column('A:A', 70) worksheet.set_column('B:B', 20) worksheet.set_column('C:C', 20) worksheet.set_column('D:D', 20) worksheet.write('A1', '名称') worksheet.write('B1', '价格') worksheet.write('C1', '地区') worksheet.write('D1', '付款人数') for url in urls: html = GetHtml(url) s = GetxxintoExcel(html.text) time.sleep(5) workbook.close()#在程序结束之前不要打开excel,excel表在当前目录下
五:完整代码
import re import requests import xlsxwriter import time def GetxxintoExcel(html): global count a = re.findall(r'"raw_title":"(.*?)"', html) b = re.findall(r'"view_price":"(.*?)"', html) c = re.findall(r'"item_loc":"(.*?)"', html) d = re.findall(r'"view_sales":"(.*?)"', html) x = [] for i in range(len(a)): try: x.append((a[i],b[i],c[i],d[i])) except IndexError: break i = 0 for i in range(len(x)): worksheet.write(count + i + 1, 0, x[i][0]) worksheet.write(count + i + 1, 1, x[i][1]) worksheet.write(count + i + 1, 2, x[i][2]) worksheet.write(count + i + 1, 3, x[i][3]) count = count +len(x) return print("已完成") def Geturls(q, x): url = "https://s.taobao.com/search?q=" + q + "&imgfile=&commend=all&ssid=s5-e&search_type=item&sourceId=tb.index&spm" \ "=a21bo.2017.201856-taobao-item.1&ie=utf8&initiative_id=tbindexz_20170306 " urls = [] urls.append(url) if x == 1: return urls for i in range(1, x ): url = "https://s.taobao.com/search?q="+ q + "&commend=all&ssid=s5-e&search_type=item" \ "&sourceId=tb.index&spm=a21bo.2017.201856-taobao-item.1&ie=utf8&initiative_id=tbindexz_20170306" \ "&bcoffset=3&ntoffset=3&p4ppushleft=1%2C48&s=" + str( i * 44) urls.append(url) return urls def GetHtml(url): r = requests.get(url,headers =headers) r.raise_for_status() r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding return r if __name__ == "__main__": count = 0 headers = { "user-agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.149 Safari/537.36" ,"cookie":"" } q = input("输入货物") x = int(input("你想爬取几页")) urls = Geturls(q,x) workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(q+".xlsx") worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet() worksheet.set_column('A:A', 70) worksheet.set_column('B:B', 20) worksheet.set_column('C:C', 20) worksheet.set_column('D:D', 20) worksheet.write('A1', '名称') worksheet.write('B1', '价格') worksheet.write('C1', '地区') worksheet.write('D1', '付款人数') xx = [] for url in urls: html = GetHtml(url) s = GetxxintoExcel(html.text) time.sleep(5) workbook.close()
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