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在LINQ动态查询中,Lambda表达式是许多标准查询运算符的基础,编译器创建lambda表达式以捕获基础查询方法(例如 Where、Select、Order By、Take While 以及其他方法)中定义的计算。表达式目录树用于针对数据源的结构化查询,这些数据源实现IQueryable
例如,LINQ to SQL 提供程序实现 IQueryable
表达式目录树在LINQ中用于表示分配给类型为Expression
System.Linq.Expressions命名空间提供用于手动生成表达式目录树的API。Expression类包含创建特定类型的表达式目录树节点的静态工厂方法,例如,ParameterExpression(表示一个已命名的参数表达式)或 MethodCallExpression(表示一个方法调用)。编译器生成的表达式目录树的根始终在类型Expression
下面几个例子描述如何使用表达式目录树来创建LINQ动态查询。
1.LINQ动态查询之Select下面例子说明如何使用表达式树依据 IQueryable 数据源构造一个动态查询,查询出每个顾客的ContactName,并用GetCommand方法获取其生成SQL语句。
//依据IQueryable数据源构造一个查询 IQueryable custs = db.Customers; //组建一个表达式树来创建一个参数 ParameterExpression param = Expression.Parameter(typeof(Customer), "c"); //组建表达式树: c.ContactNameExpression selector = Expression.Property(param, typeof(Customer).GetProperty("ContactName"));Expression pred = Expression.Lambda(selector, param); //组建表达式树: Select(c=>c.ContactName)Expression expr = Expression.Call(typeof(Queryable), "Select", new Type[] { typeof(Customer), typeof(string) }, Expression.Constant(custs), pred); //使用表达式树来生成动态查询 IQueryable<string> query = db.Customers.AsQueryable() .Provider.CreateQuery<string>(expr); //使用GetCommand方法获取SQL语句 System.Data.Common.DbCommand cmd = db.GetCommand(query);Console.WriteLine(cmd.CommandText);
生成的SQL语句为:
SELECT [t0].[ContactName] FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [t0]
2.LINQ动态查询之Where下面一个例子是“搭建”Where用法来动态查询城市在伦敦的顾客。
IQueryable custs = db.Customers; //创建一个参数 cParameterExpression param = Expression.Parameter(typeof(Customer), "c"); c.City=="London"Expression left = Expression.Property(param, typeof(Customer).GetProperty("City"));Expression right = Expression.Constant("London");Expression filter = Expression.Equal(left, right);Expression pred = Expression.Lambda(filter, param); Where(c=>c.City=="London")Expression expr = Expression.Call(typeof(Queryable), "Where", new Type[] { typeof(Customer) }, Expression.Constant(custs), pred); //生成动态查询IQueryable query = db.Customers.AsQueryable() .Provider.CreateQuery(expr);
生成的SQL语句为:
SELECT [t0].[CustomerID], [t0].[CompanyName], [t0].[ContactName], [t0].[ContactTitle], [t0].[Address], [t0].[City], [t0].[Region], [t0].[PostalCode], [t0].[Country], [t0].[Phone], [t0].[Fax]FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [t0] WHERE [t0].[City] = @p0-- @p0: Input NVarChar (Size = 6; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [London]
3.LINQ动态查询之OrderBy本例既实现排序功能又实现了过滤功能。
IQueryable custs = db.Customers; //创建一个参数cParameterExpression param = Expression.Parameter(typeof(Customer), "c"); c.City=="London"Expression left = Expression.Property(param, typeof(Customer).GetProperty("City"));Expression right = Expression.Constant("London"); Expression filter = Expression.Equal(left, right);Expression pred = Expression.Lambda(filter, param); Where(c=>c.City=="London")MethodCallExpression whereCallExpression = Expression.Call( typeof(Queryable), "Where", new Type[] { typeof(Customer) }, Expression.Constant(custs), pred); OrderBy(ContactName => ContactName)MethodCallExpression orderByCallExpression = Expression.Call( typeof(Queryable), "OrderBy", new Type[] { typeof(Customer), typeof(string) }, whereCallExpression, Expression.Lambda(Expression.Property (param, "ContactName"), param)); //生成动态查询 IQueryable query = db.Customers.AsQueryable().Provider.CreateQuery(orderByCallExpression);
生成的SQL语句为:
SELECT [t0].[CustomerID], [t0].[CompanyName], [t0].[ContactName], [t0].[ContactTitle], [t0].[Address], [t0].[City], [t0].[Region],[t0].[PostalCode], [t0].[Country], [t0].[Phone], [t0].[Fax]FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [t0] WHERE [t0].[City] = @p0ORDER BY [t0].[ContactName]-- @p0: Input NVarChar (Size = 6; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [London]
4.LINQ动态查询之Union下面的例子使用表达式树动态查询顾客和雇员同在的城市。
//e.CityIQueryable custs = db.Customers; ParameterExpression param1 = Expression.Parameter(typeof(Customer), "e"); Expression left1 = Expression.Property(param1,typeof(Customer).GetProperty("City"));Expression pred1 = Expression.Lambda(left1, param1); c.CityIQueryable employees = db.Employees;ParameterExpression param2 = Expression.Parameter(typeof(Employee), "c");Expression left2 = Expression.Property(param2, typeof(Employee).GetProperty("City"));Expression pred2 = Expression.Lambda(left2, param2); Select(e=>e.City)Expression expr1 = Expression.Call(typeof(Queryable), "Select", new Type[] { typeof(Customer), typeof(string) },Expression.Constant(custs), pred1); Select(c=>c.City)Expression expr2 = Expression.Call(typeof(Queryable), "Select", new Type[] { typeof(Employee), typeof(string) }, Expression.Constant(employees), pred2); //生成动态查询 IQueryable<string> q1 = db.Customers.AsQueryable().Provider.CreateQuery<string>(expr1);IQueryable<string> q2 = db.Employees.AsQueryable().Provider.CreateQuery<string>(expr2); //并集 var q3 = q1.Union(q2);
生成的SQL语句为:
SELECT [t2].[City] FROM ( SELECT [t0].[City] FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [t0] UNION SELECT [t1].[City] FROM [dbo].[Employees] AS [t1] ) AS [t2]
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