本篇文章为大家展示了如何进行Handler、Looper与MessageQueue源码分析,内容简明扼要并且容易理解,绝对能使你眼前一亮,通过这篇文章的详细介绍希望你能有所收获。
在Android中可以通过Handler来更新主线程中UI的变化,更新UI只能在主线程中进行更新,而为了让其他线程也能控制UI的变化,Android提供了一种机制Handler、Looper与MessageQueue一同协作来达到其他线程更新UI的目的。
一般我们会在主线程中通过如下方法定义一个Handler
private Handler mHandler = new Handler() { @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { tv.setText("mHandler change UI"); super.handleMessage(msg); } };
一般都见不到Looper与MessageQueue的,那么它们都是在哪里调用与如何协作的呢?在主线程不会显式的调用Looper而是会在ActivityThread.main方法中默认调用。
public static void main(String[] args) { Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "ActivityThreadMain"); SamplingProfilerIntegration.start(); // CloseGuard defaults to true and can be quite spammy. We // disable it here, but selectively enable it later (via // StrictMode) on debug builds, but using DropBox, not logs. CloseGuard.setEnabled(false); Environment.initForCurrentUser(); // Set the reporter for event logging in libcore EventLogger.setReporter(new EventLoggingReporter()); // Make sure TrustedCertificateStore looks in the right place for CA certificates final File configDir = Environment.getUserConfigDirectory(UserHandle.myUserId()); TrustedCertificateStore.setDefaultUserDirectory(configDir); Process.setArgV0("<pre-initialized>"); Looper.prepareMainLooper();//创建Looper ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread(); thread.attach(false); if (sMainThreadHandler == null) { sMainThreadHandler = thread.getHandler(); } if (false) { Looper.myLooper().setMessageLogging(new LogPrinter(Log.DEBUG, "ActivityThread")); } // End of event ActivityThreadMain. Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER); Looper.loop();//开启Looper循环 throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited"); }
如上代码,调用了Looper.prepareMainLooper()方法,在主线程中创建了一个Looper,不信的话我们再查看该方法做了什么
Looper
prepare
public static void prepare() { prepare(true); } private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) { if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) { throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread"); } sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));//创建Looper并赋给sThreadLocal } /** * Initialize the current thread as a looper, marking it as an * application's main looper. The main looper for your application * is created by the Android environment, so you should never need * to call this function yourself. See also: {@link #prepare()} */ public static void prepareMainLooper() { prepare(false); synchronized (Looper.class) { if (sMainLooper != null) { throw new IllegalStateException("The main Looper has already been prepared."); } sMainLooper = myLooper(); } } public static @Nullable Looper myLooper() { return sThreadLocal.get(); }
在prepareMainLooper方法中调用了prepare而通过prepare会发现它其实就是创建了一个Looper,并把它赋给了sThreadLocal。同时可以通过myLooper方法获取当前线程中的Looper。再来看下new Looper(quitAllowed)初始化了什么
private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) { mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed); mThread = Thread.currentThread(); }
在这里我们终于看到了MessageQueue了,它创建了一个MessageQueue。该消息队列就是用来保存后续的Message。再回到ActivityThread.main方法中,发现它调用了Looper.loop()是用来开启Looper循环的,监听消息队列MessageQueue中的消息。
loop
我们来看下Looper.loop()的源码:
public static void loop() { final Looper me = myLooper();//获取Looper if (me == null) { throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread."); } final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;//获取消息队列 // Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process, // and keep track of what that identity token actually is. Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); for (;;) { Message msg = queue.next(); // might block if (msg == null) { // No message indicates that the message queue is quitting. return; } // This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger final Printer logging = me.mLogging; if (logging != null) { logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback + ": " + msg.what); } final long traceTag = me.mTraceTag; if (traceTag != 0) { Trace.traceBegin(traceTag, msg.target.getTraceName(msg)); } try { msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);//通过Handler分发消息 } finally { if (traceTag != 0) { Trace.traceEnd(traceTag); } } if (logging != null) { logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback); } // Make sure that during the course of dispatching the // identity of the thread wasn't corrupted. final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); if (ident != newIdent) { Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x" + Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x" + Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to " + msg.target.getClass().getName() + " " + msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what); } msg.recycleUnchecked(); } }
在loop中首先获取了当前所在线程的Looper,同时也获取到了Looper中的MessageQueue,说明Looper已经与当前的线程进行了绑定。在后面开启了一个for的死循环,发现它做的事件是不断的从消息队列中取出消息,***都交给msg.target调用它的dispatchMessage方法,那么target又是什么呢?我们进入Message
Message
/*package*/ int flags; /*package*/ long when; /*package*/ Bundle data; /*package*/ Handler target; /*package*/ Runnable callback; // sometimes we store linked lists of these things /*package*/ Message next;
发现它就是我们熟悉的Handler,说明***调用的就是Handler中的dispatchMessage方法,对消息的分发处理。这样一来Handler就通过Looper联系上了Looper所绑定的线程,即为主线程。
Handler
public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) { if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) { final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass(); if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) && (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) { Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " + klass.getCanonicalName()); } } mLooper = Looper.myLooper(); if (mLooper == null) { throw new RuntimeException( "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()"); } mQueue = mLooper.mQueue; mCallback = callback; mAsynchronous = async; }
通过Handler的初始化,它获取了它所处线程的Looper,同时也获取了Looper中的消息队列。当然如果所处线程的Looper为空的话就会抛出异常,这就解释了为什么在非主线程中创建Handler要分别调用Looper.prepare与Looper.loop而主线程则不需要,因为它默认已经调用了。
dispatchMessage
public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) { if (msg.callback != null) { handleCallback(msg); } else { if (mCallback != null) { if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) { return; } } handleMessage(msg); } } private static void handleCallback(Message message) { message.callback.run(); }
回到前面,对于dispatchMessage的处理,首先判断msg.callback是否为空,这里callback通过上面的Message应该能知道他就是一个Runnable,如果不为空则直接调用Runnable的run方法。否则调用Handler的handleMessage方法.而这个方法相信大家已经很熟悉了,对事件的处理都是在这个方法中执行的。因为通过前面我们已经知道了Handler已经联系上了主线程,所以handleMessage中的处理自然相对于在主线程中进行,自然也能更新UI了。通过这里我们能把Looper比作是一个桥梁,来连接Looper所在的线程与Handler之间的通信,同时管理消息队列MessageQueue中的消息。那么前面的Runnable又是如何不为空的呢?我们使用Handler有两种方法,一种是直接创建一个Handler并且重写它的handleMessage方法,而另一种可以通过Handler.post(Runnable)来使用,这样事件的处理自然就在run方法中实现。
上面介绍了Handler是如何联系上了需要操作的线程与对消息是如何取出与处理的。下面来谈谈消息是如何放入到Looper中的MessageQueue中的。
sendMessageAtTime
通过Handler发送消息的方式很多,例如:sendMessage、sendEmptyMessage与sendMessageDelayed等,其实到***他们调用的都是sendMessageAtTime方法。所以还是来看下sendMessageAtTime方法中的实现。
public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) { MessageQueue queue = mQueue; if (queue == null) { RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException( this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue"); Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e); return false; } return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis); }
而sendMessageAtTime则就是调用了enqueueMessage操作,看这方法名就知道是入队列操作了。
enqueueMessage
private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) { msg.target = this; if (mAsynchronous) { msg.setAsynchronous(true); } return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis); }
果不其然直接调用了MessageQueue中的queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis)将消息加入消息队列,同时这段代码msg.target = this 将当前的Handler赋给了msg.target,这就是前面所说的Looper.loop方法中调用的Handler。这样就把消息放到了MessageQueue中,进而通过前面所讲的loop来取出消息进行相应的处理,这样就构成了整个对消息进行处理的系统。这也是使用Handler内部所发生的原理。好了Handler、Looper与MessageQueue它们之间的联系基本就是这些了。我也简单画了张图希望有所帮助
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