这篇文章主要介绍“mongodb导入和导出数据的方法”,在日常操作中,相信很多人在mongodb导入和导出数据的方法问题上存在疑惑,小编查阅了各式资料,整理出简单好用的操作方法,希望对大家解答”mongodb导入和导出数据的方法”的疑惑有所帮助!接下来,请跟着小编一起来学习吧!
MongoDB提供了mongoexport工具,可以把一个collection导出成json格式或csv格式的文件。可以指定导出哪些数据项,也可以根据给定的条件导出数据。工具帮助信息如下:
[root@localhost bin]# ./mongoexport --help options: --help produce help message -v [ --verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times for more verbosity e.g. -vvvvv) -h [ --host ] arg mongo host to connect to ( /s1,s2 for sets) --port arg server port. Can also use --host hostname:port --ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by default) -u [ --username ] arg username -p [ --password ] arg password --dbpath arg directly access mongod database files in the given path, instead of connecting to a mongod server - needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used if a mongod is currently accessing the same path --directoryperdb if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate directory -d [ --db ] arg database to use -c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands) -f [ --fields ] arg comma separated list of field names e.g. -f name,age --fieldFile arg file with fields names - 1 per line -q [ --query ] arg query filter, as a JSON string --csv export to csv instead of json -o [ --out ] arg output file; if not specified, stdout is used --jsonArray output to a json array rather than one object per line [root@localhost bin]#
下面我们将以一个实际的例子说明,此工具的用法:
将foo库中的表t1导出成json格式:
[root@localhost bin]# ./mongoexport -d foo -c t1 -o /data/t1.json connected to: 127.0.0.1 exported 1 records [root@localhost bin]#
导出成功后我们看一下/data/t1.json文件的样式,是否是我们所希望的:
root@localhost data]# more t1.json { "_id" : { "$oid" : "4f927e2385b7a6814a0540a0" }, "age" : 2 } [root@localhost data]#
通过以上说明导出成功,但有一个问题,要是异构数据库的迁移怎么办呢?例如我们要将MongoDB的数据导入到MySQL该怎么办呢?MongoDB提供 了一种csv的导出格式,就可以解决异构数据库迁移的问题了. 下面将foo库的t2表的age和name列导出, 具体如下:
[root@localhost bin]# ./mongoexport -d foo -c t2 --csv -f age,name -o /data/t2.csv connected to: 127.0.0.1 exported 1 records [root@localhost bin]#
查看/data/t2.csv的导出结果
[root@localhost data]# more t2.csv age,name 1,"wwl" [root@localhost data]#
mongoimport导入工具
MongoDB提供了mongoimport工具,可以把一个特定格式文件中的内容导入到某张collection中。工具帮助信息如下:
[root@localhost bin]# ./mongoimport --help options: --help produce help message -v [ --verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times for more verbosity e.g. -vvvvv) -h [ --host ] arg mongo host to connect to ( /s1,s2 for sets) --port arg server port. Can also use --host hostname:port --ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by default) -u [ --username ] arg username -p [ --password ] arg password --dbpath arg directly access mongod database files in the given path, instead of connecting to a mongod server - needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used if a mongod is currently accessing the same path --directoryperdb if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate directory -d [ --db ] arg database to use -c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands) -f [ --fields ] arg comma separated list of field names e.g. -f name,age --fieldFile arg file with fields names - 1 per line --ignoreBlanks if given, empty fields in csv and tsv will be ignored --type arg type of file to import. default: json (json,csv,tsv) --file arg file to import from; if not specified stdin is used --drop drop collection first --headerline CSV,TSV only - use first line as headers --upsert insert or update objects that already exist --upsertFields arg comma-separated fields for the query part of the upsert. You should make sure this is indexed --stopOnError stop importing at first error rather than continuing --jsonArray load a json array, not one item per line. Currently limited to 4MB.
下面我们将以一人实际的例子说明,此工具的用法:
先看一下foo库中的t1表数据:
> db.t1.find(); { "_id" : ObjectId("4f937a56450beadc560feaa9"), "age" : 5 } >
t1其中有一条age=5的记录, 我们再看一下json文件中的数据是什么样子的:
[root@localhost data]# more t1.json { "_id" : { "$oid" : "4f937a56450beadc560feaa7" }, "age" : 8 } [root@localhost data]#
可以看到t1.json文件中有一条age=8的数据,下面我们将用mongoimport工具将json文件中的记录导入到t1表中:
[root@localhost bin]# ./mongoimport -d foo -c t1 /data/t1.json connected to: 127.0.0.1 imported 1 objects
工具返回信息说明向表中插入了一条记录. 我们进库里实际验证一下:
[root@localhost bin]# ./mongo MongoDB shell version: 1.8.1 connecting to: test > use foo switched to db foo > db.t1.find(); { "_id" : ObjectId("4f937a56450beadc560feaa9"), "age" : 5 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4f937a56450beadc560feaa7"), "age" : 8 } >
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