ViewResolver很简单,通过名称(name),获取View视图的。
View视图 其实就是对应MVC中的"V"
1.ViewResolver 结构图
2.BeanNameViewResolver
通过把返回的逻辑视图名称去匹配定义好的视图bean对象。
@Test public void testBeanNameViewResolver() throws ServletException { StaticWebApplicationContext wac = new StaticWebApplicationContext(); wac.setServletContext(new MockServletContext()); MutablePropertyValues pvs1 = new MutablePropertyValues(); pvs1.addPropertyValue(new PropertyValue("url", "/example1.jsp")); wac.registerSingleton("example1", InternalResourceView.class, pvs1); BeanNameViewResolver vr = new BeanNameViewResolver(); vr.setApplicationContext(wac); wac.refresh(); View view = vr.resolveViewName("example1", Locale.getDefault()); assertEquals("Correct view class", InternalResourceView.class, view.getClass()); assertEquals("Correct URL", "/example1.jsp", ((InternalResourceView) view).getUrl()); }
3.XmlViewResolver
XmlViewResolver这个视图解析器跟 BeanNameViewResolver 有点类似,也是通过把返回的逻辑视图名称去匹配定义好的视图 bean 对象。
3.1 配置XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN 2.0//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans-2.0.dtd"> <beans> <bean id="example1" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.ViewResolverTests$TestView"> <property name="url"><value>/example1.jsp</value></property> <property name="attributesMap"> <map> <entry key="test1"><value>testvalue1</value></entry> <entry key="test2"><ref bean="testBean"/></entry> </map> </property> <property name="location"><value>test</value></property> </bean> </beans>
3.2 测试用例
@Test public void testXmlViewResolver() throws Exception { StaticWebApplicationContext wac = new StaticWebApplicationContext(); wac.registerSingleton("testBean", TestBean.class); wac.setServletContext(new MockServletContext()); wac.refresh(); TestBean testBean = (TestBean) wac.getBean("testBean"); XmlViewResolver vr = new XmlViewResolver(); vr.setLocation(new ClassPathResource("org/springframework/web/servlet/view/views.xml")); vr.setApplicationContext(wac); View view1 = vr.resolveViewName("example1", Locale.getDefault()); assertTrue("Correct view class", TestView.class.equals(view1.getClass())); assertTrue("Correct URL", "/example1.jsp".equals(((InternalResourceView) view1).getUrl()));BeanNameViewResolver VS XmlViewResolver
1. BeanNameViewResolver 要求视图 bean 对象都定义在 Spring 的 application context 中,而 XmlViewResolver 是在指定的配置文件中寻找视图 bean 对象,
2. XmlViewResolver是 AbstractCachingViewResolver的子类,支持缓存;
BeanNameViewResolver 不会进行视图缓存。
4. ResourceBundleViewResolver
和 XmlViewResolver 一样它也需要有一个配置文件来定义逻辑视图名称和真正的 View 对象的对应关系,不同的是 ResourceBundleViewResolver 的配置文件是一个属性文件,而且必须是放在 classpath 路径下面的,默认情况下这个配置文件是在 classpath 根目录下的 views.properties 文件,如果不使用默认值的话,则可以通过属性 baseName 或 baseNames 来指定。
4.1 配置文件testviews_fr.properties
debugView.(class)= org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceView debugView.url=jsp/debug/deboug.jsp debugView.contentType=text/xml;charset=ISO-8859-1
4.2 测试用例
public class ResourceBundleViewResolverTests extends TestCase { /** Comes from this package */ private static String PROPS_FILE = "org.springframework.web.servlet.view.testviews"; private ResourceBundleViewResolver rb; private StaticWebApplicationContext wac; protected void setUp() throws Exception { rb = new ResourceBundleViewResolver(); rb.setBasename(PROPS_FILE); rb.setCache(getCache()); rb.setDefaultParentView("testParent"); wac = new StaticWebApplicationContext(); wac.setServletContext(new MockServletContext()); wac.refresh(); // This will be propagated to views, so we need it. rb.setApplicationContext(wac); } public void testDebugViewFrench() throws Exception { View v = rb.resolveViewName("debugView", Locale.FRENCH); assertTrue("French debugView must be of type InternalResourceView", v instanceof InternalResourceView); InternalResourceView jv = (InternalResourceView) v; assertTrue("French debugView must have correct URL", "jsp/debug/deboug.jsp".equals(jv.getUrl())); assertTrue( "Correct overridden (XML) content type, not '" + jv.getContentType() + "'", jv.getContentType().equals("text/xml;charset=ISO-8859-1")); } }
在ResourceBundleViewResolver第一次进行视图解析的时候会先new一个BeanFactory对象,然后把properties文件中定义好的属性按照它自身的规则生成一个个的bean对象注册到该BeanFactory中,之后会把该BeanFactory对象保存起来,所以ResourceBundleViewResolver缓存的是BeanFactory,而不是直接的缓存从BeanFactory中取出的视图bean。然后会从bean工厂中取出名称为逻辑视图名称的视图bean进行返回。接下来就讲讲Spring通过properties文件生成bean的规则。它会把properties文件中定义的属性名称按最后一个点“.”进行分割,把点前面的内容当做是bean名称,点后面的内容当做是bean的属性。这其中有几个特别的属性,Spring把它们用小括号包起来了,这些特殊的属性一般是对应的attribute,但不是bean对象所有的attribute都可以这样用。其中(class)是一个,除了(class)之外,还有(scope)、(parent)、(abstract)、(lazy-init)。而除了这些特殊的属性之外的其他属性,Spring会把它们当做bean对象的一般属性进行处理,就是bean对象对应的property。所以根据上面的属性配置文件将生成如下两个bean对象:
from http://elim.iteye.com/blog/1770554
5.UrlBasedViewResolver
它是对ViewResolver的一种简单实现,而且继承了AbstractCachingViewResolver,主要就是提供的一种拼接URL的方式来解析视图,它可以让我们通过prefix属性指定一个指定的前缀,通过suffix属性指定一个指定的后缀,然后把返回的逻辑视图名称加上指定的前缀和后缀就是指定的视图URL了。
5.2 重要属性
public class UrlBasedViewResolver extends AbstractCachingViewResolver implements Ordered { /** * Prefix for special view names that specify a redirect URL (usually * to a controller after a form has been submitted and processed). * Such view names will not be resolved in the configured default * way but rather be treated as special shortcut. */ public static final String REDIRECT_URL_PREFIX = "redirect:"; /** * Prefix for special view names that specify a forward URL (usually * to a controller after a form has been submitted and processed). * Such view names will not be resolved in the configured default * way but rather be treated as special shortcut. */ public static final String FORWARD_URL_PREFIX = "forward:"; //Set the view class that should be used to create views. private Class viewClass; // Set the prefix that gets prepended to view names when building a URL. private String prefix = ""; //the suffix that gets appended to view names when building a URL. private String suffix = ""; //view names; such that 'my*', '*Report' and '*Repo*' private String[] viewNames = null; //content type for all views. private String contentType; //UrlBasedViewResolver 的 redirectContextRelative 的默认值为 true, //这意味着,只要重定向的资源以/开头,那么 spring 会帮你添加 contextPath private boolean redirectContextRelative = true; //whether redirects should stay compatible with HTTP 1.0 clients private boolean redirectHttp10Compatible = true; //the name of the RequestContext attribute for all views private String requestContextAttribute; private int order = Integer.MAX_VALUE; /** Map of static attributes, keyed by attribute name (String) */ private final Map<String, Object> staticAttributes = new HashMap<String, Object>(); ... }
5.3 createView方法
public static final String REDIRECT_URL_PREFIX = "redirect:"; protected View createView(String viewName, Locale locale) throws Exception { // If this resolver is not supposed to handle the given view, // return null to pass on to the next resolver in the chain. if (!canHandle(viewName, locale)) { return null; } // Check for special "redirect:" prefix. if (viewName.startsWith(REDIRECT_URL_PREFIX)) { String redirectUrl = viewName.substring(REDIRECT_URL_PREFIX.length()); return new RedirectView(redirectUrl, isRedirectContextRelative(), isRedirectHttp10Compatible()); } // Check for special "forward:" prefix. if (viewName.startsWith(FORWARD_URL_PREFIX)) { String forwardUrl = viewName.substring(FORWARD_URL_PREFIX.length()); return new InternalResourceView(forwardUrl); } // Else fall back to superclass implementation: calling loadView. return super.createView(viewName, locale); }
URLBasedViewResolver发现返回的视图名称包含”redirect:”前缀,于是把返回的视图名称前缀”redirect:”去掉,取后面的test.do组成一个RedirectView,RedirectView中将把请求返回的模型属性组合成查询参数的形式组合到redirect的URL后面,然后调用HttpServletResponse对象的sendRedirect方法进行重定向。同样URLBasedViewResolver还支持forword:前缀,对于视图名称中包含forword:前缀的视图名称将会被封装成一个InternalResourceView对象,然后在服务器端利用RequestDispatcher的forword方式跳转到指定的地址。使用UrlBasedViewResolver的时候必须指定属性viewClass,表示解析成哪种视图,一般使用较多的就是InternalResourceView,利用它来展现jsp,但是当我们使用JSTL的时候我们必须使用JstlView。
5.4 一段UrlBasedViewResolver的定义
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.UrlBasedViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/" /> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceView"/> </bean>
6.InternalResourceViewResolver 内部资源视图解析器
InternalResourceViewResolver会把返回的视图名称都解析为InternalResourceView对象,InternalResourceView会把Controller处理器方法返回的模型属性都存放到对应的request属性中,然后通过RequestDispatcher在服务器端把请求forword重定向到目标URL。
6.1最熟悉的一段配置
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"/> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property> </bean>
总结
ViewResolver解决的事情很单一
通过配置,根据不同策略,找出匹配的JSP(也可以是其他)。
适当添加缓存处理
根据策略不同,返回不同的VIEW,降低耦合度。
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