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如何通过ngx_lua模块实现CC攻击的防护

发布时间:2021-12-13 09:43:05 来源:亿速云 阅读:187 作者:iii 栏目:网络安全

本篇内容主要讲解“如何通过ngx_lua模块实现CC攻击的防护”,感兴趣的朋友不妨来看看。本文介绍的方法操作简单快捷,实用性强。下面就让小编来带大家学习“如何通过ngx_lua模块实现CC攻击的防护”吧!

前言

        CC攻击(ChallengeCollapsar)是常见网站应用层攻击的一种,目的是消耗服务器资源,降低业务响应效率;极端情况会让站点无法正常提供服务。

一、服务部署

         0.环境

                   a.系统

                            CentOSLinux release 7.5.1804 (Core);                       

                   b.资源存放目录

                            mkdir/root/ngx_lua                           

                   c.要求

                            各种编译安装相关依赖和报错请google解决;                           

                   d.NGX_LUA官文

                            https://github.com/openresty/lua-nginx-module#installation                           

                   e.准备

                            cd/root/ngx_lua                  

         1.Lua

                   wgethttp://www.lua.org/ftp/lua-5.3.4.tar.gz

                   tarzxf lua-5.3.4.tar.gz

                   cdlua-5.3.4

                   makelinux test

                   cd..                  

         2.LuaJIT2.1

                   wgethttp://luajit.org/download/LuaJIT-2.1.0-beta3.tar.gz

                   tarzxvf LuaJIT-2.1.0-beta3.tar.gz

                   cdLuaJIT-2.1.0-beta3

                   #指定安装目录

                   makePREFIX=/usr/local/luajit2

                   makeinstall PREFIX=/usr/local/luajit2

                   cd..                 

         3.NDK

                   wgethttps://github.com/simplresty/ngx_devel_kit/archive/v0.3.1rc1.tar.gz

                   tarzxvf v0.3.1rc1.tar.gz                  

         4.LUA_NGX

                   wgethttps://github.com/openresty/lua-nginx-module/archive/v0.10.13.tar.gz

                   tarzxvf v0.10.13.tar.gz                  

         5.LUA_RESTY_REDIS

                   wget-O "lua-resty-redis-master.zip"https://codeload.github.com/openresty/lua-resty-redis/zip/master

                   unziplua-resty-redis-master.zip

                   cdlua-resty-redis-master

                   makeinstall PREFIX=/usr/local/lua-redis

                   cd..                 

        6.REDIS

                   wgethttp://download.redis.io/releases/redis-4.0.9.tar.gz

                   tarzxvf redis-4.0.9.tar.gz

                   cdredis-4.0.9                 

                   #复制配置文件模板

                   cpredis.conf /etc/       

                   #编译安装

                   makePREFIX=/usr/local/redis

                   makeinstall PREFIX=/usr/local/redis          

                   #尝试运行,可以考虑打包为后台服务或托管给supervisor,本文略;

                   cd/usr/local/redis/bin

                   ./redis-server/etc/redis.conf                  

         7.Nginx

                   #添加NGINX 用户

                   useradd-s /sbin/nologin www

                   #下载、解压并进入目录

                   wgethttp://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.13.12.tar.gz

                   tarzxvf nginx-1.13.12.tar.gz

                   cdnginx-1.13.12

                   #增加环境变量

                   exportLUAJIT_LIB=/usr/local/luajit2/lib

                   exportLUAJIT_INC=/usr/local/luajit2/include/luajit-2.1

                   #编译安装

                   ./configure--user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module--with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_sub_module --with-ld-opt="-Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/luajit2/lib"--add-dynamic-module=/root/ngx_lua/ngx_devel_kit-0.3.1rc1--add-dynamic-module=/root/ngx_lua/lua-nginx-module-0.10.13

                   make&& make test

                   #编辑主配置文件使其支持NGX_LUA

                   vim/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

                            #指定为其创建的用户

                            userwww www;

                            #指定进程数及将进程绑定至CPU核心;

                            worker_processes  auto;

                            worker_cpu_affinityauto;

                            pid        logs/nginx.pid;

                            #打开文件数

                            worker_rlimit_nofile    65535;

                            #此处加载LUA相关模块

                            load_modulemodules/ndk_http_module.so;

                            load_modulemodules/ngx_http_lua_module.so;                           

                            events{

                                     useepoll;

                                     worker_connections  65535;

                                     accept_mutexoff;

                                     multi_accepton;

                            }

                            http{

                                     include       mime.types;

                                     default_type  application/octet-stream; 

                                     server_names_hash_bucket_size       128;

                                     client_header_buffer_size   64k;

                                     large_client_header_buffers4       32k;

                                     client_max_body_size        512m;

                                     #lua redis 依赖包

                                     lua_package_path"/usr/local/lua-redis/lib/lua/?.lua;;";                                    

                                     sendfile  on;

                                     keepalive_timeout  60;

                                     server_tokens       off;

                                     log_formataccess '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

                                                                             '$status $body_bytes_sent"$http_referer" '

                                                                            '"$http_user_agent""$http_x_forwarded_for"';

                                     includeconf.d/*.conf;

                            }

                   :wq

                   nginx-t && nginx

二、开发LUA响应体及建立VHOST

         1.建立lua脚本存放目录

                   mkdir/usr/local/nginx/conf/lua            

         2.开发用于响应内容的lua脚本

                   vim/usr/local/nginx/conf/lua/content.lua

                            --获取请求的HEADER

                            localheaders = ngx.req.get_headers()

                            --依次通过x_real_ip,x_forwarded_for,remote_addr获取客户端IP

                            localclientip = headers["X-Real-IP"]

                            ifclientip == nil then

                               clientip =headers["x_forwarded_for"]

                            end

                            ifclientip == nil then

                               clientip = ngx.var.remote_addr

                            end

                            --指定响应内容

                            ngx.say("YourIp Adress is ",clientip,", WelCome!")

                   :wq                

         3.搭建用于测试的VHOST

                   a.新建配置文件

                            vim/usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d/luatest.conf

                                     server

                                     {

                                               #指定监听端口及主机名

                                               listen80;

                                               server_namewww.knownsec.com;

                                               #建立测试地址

                                               location/lua_test

                                               {

                                                                 #指定响应的默认MIME类型

                                                                 default_type"text/html";

                                                                 #通过lua响应内容

                                                                 content_by_lua_fileconf/lua/index.lua;

                                               }

                                               error_log  /home/log/ngx/error.log;

                                               access_log  /home/log/ngx/access access;

                                     }

                            :wq                     

                   b.测试并重载配置

                   nginx-t

                   nginx-s reload    

         4.测试访问

                   curl--resolve www.knownsec.com:80:192.168.0.196 http://www.knownsec.com/lua_test

                   YourIp Adress is 192.168.0.196, WelCome! 

三、IP限速实现原理

         1.请求处理过程

                   a.NGINX的请求处理过程一共划分为11个阶段,分别是:post-read、server-rewrite、find-config、rewrite、post-rewrite、 preaccess、access、post-access、try-files、content、log.(参考:https://github.com/nginx/nginx/blob/master/src/http/ngx_http_core_module.h)

                   b.在nginx官方文档(参考:https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/modules/lua/)中,可处理阶段均有相应的lua指令;就本文的目的而言,访问限速控制处于access阶段,所以需要使用的指令为access_by_lua;

                   c.为了方便调试和管理,可以使用access_by_lua_file指令直接加载指定路径下的lua文件来对access过程进行处理;

         2.基于令牌桶算法的逻辑

                   a.令牌桶算法可控制请求的数量,并允许突发大量请求的情况。

                   b.当用户请求Nginx时,判断该location是否需要限制流量;

                   c.若需要,则检查当前IP是否已有令牌桶,若无则使用setex往redis中放入令牌桶,并指定的令牌数量及“桶”过期时间;设定单位时间内允许访问次数,比如1分钟允许10次,则令牌数量为9(当前请求算作首次消耗),过期时间60s

                   d.若已有令牌桶,并且令牌数量大于0,则使用decr使其值减1(消耗令牌)并放行;

                   e.若令牌数量为0,则拦截;              

         3.代码实现

                   vim/usr/local/lua-redis/lib/lua/LimitRate.lua         

                            --加载REDIS模块

                            localr_md = require "resty.redis"                    

                            --获取当前请求的HEADER

                            localheaders = ngx.req.get_headers()                         

                            --指定REDIS的地址和端口

                            localredis_ip = "127.0.0.1"

                            localredis_port = "9600"                       

                            --建立redis实例

                            localredis = r_md:new()                          

                            --指定单位时间

                            localqtrange = 60                          

                            --允许访问的次数

                            localqcount = 10

                            --尝试根据HTTP头遂级获取IP

                            localclientip = headers["X-Real-IP"]

                            ifclientip == nil then

                               clientip =headers["x_forwarded_for"]

                            end

                            ifclientip == nil then

                               clientip = ngx.var.remote_addr

                            end

                            --释放redis连接的函数

                            localfunction redis_close(red)

                          --释放连接,使用set_keepalive指令将当前连接放入当前进程的连接池中待用,需要指定连接池的大小及其中各个连接的空闲超时时间;

                                     localpool_max_idle_time = 10000 --毫秒

                                     localpool_size = 100 --连接池大小

                                     localok, err = red:set_keepalive(pool_max_idle_time, pool_size)

                                     ifnot ok then

                                               ngx_log(ngx_ERR,"set redis keepalive error : ", err)

                                     end

                            end     

                            --指定所有REDIS操作的超时时间,其中包含了连接超时

                            redis:set_timeout(1000)

                            建立连接,若异常则释放连接;

                            localok, wrong = redis:connect(redis_ip,redis_port)

                            ifnot ok then

                                               redis_close(redis)

                            end

                            --建立限速类

                            LimitIpRate= {}

                            --限速方法,令牌桶限速逻辑实现

                            functionLimitIpRate:is_limited()              

                                               --尝试获取当前IP的令牌桶,令牌桶命名为“x.x.x.x|pool”

                                               localres, err = redis:get(clientip.."|pool")

                                               ifnot res then

                                                                 ngx.log(ngx.ERR,"luaerror: ",err)

                                               end

                                               --如果res不为空并且类型为string,则代表获取到了对应的令牌桶

                                               iftype(res) == "string" then           

                                                                 --可用令牌数量为0则拦截

                                                                 iftonumber(res) == 0 then

                                                                                    ngx.exit(ngx.HTTP_FORBIDDEN)                                   

                                                                 --反之放行并让令牌数量减少1

                                                                 else

                                                                                    add,err= redis:decr(clientip.."|pool")

                                                                                    ifnot add then

                                                                                                       ngx.log(ngx.ERR,"luaerror: ",err)

                                                                                    end

                                                                 end             

                                               --如果res不为空并且类型为userdata,则代表redis中没有对应令牌桶

                                               elseiftype(res) == "userdata" then                                                 

                                                                 --往redis中放入指定名称、过期时间、值的键值对

                                                                 ini,err = redis:setex(clientip.."|pool", qtrange, (qcount-1))

                                                                 ifnot ini then

                                                                                    ngx.log(ngx.ERR,"luaerror: ",err)

                                                                 end

                                               end

                            end                  

                            --调用限速方法

                            LimitIpRate.is_limited()                                 

                   :wq         

         4.将LimitRate.lua集成进NGINX配置文件

                   a.编辑配置文件,加入指令

                            vim/usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d/luatest.conf

                                     server

                                     {

                                               #指定监听端口及主机名

                                               listen80;

                                               server_namewww.knownsec.com;

                                               #建立测试地址

                                               location/lua_test

                                               {

                                                                 #指定响应的默认MIME类型

                                                                 default_type"text/html";

                                                                 #通过lua对access进行过滤

                                                                 access_by_lua_file"conf/lua/LimitRate.lua";

                                                                 #通过lua返回响应内容

                                                                 content_by_lua_fileconf/lua/index.lua;

                                               }

                                               error_log  /home/log/ngx/error.log;

                                               access_log  /home/log/ngx/access access;

                                     }

                            :wq

                   b.测试并重载配置

                            nginx-t

                            nginx-s reload               

         5.限速测试

                   fori in {1..12}; do curl -s --resolve www.knownsec.com:80:192.168.0.196http://www.knownsec.com/lua_test -o /dev/null -w %{http_code};echo ;done

                   200

                   200

                   200

                   200

                   200

                   200

                   200

                   200

                   200

                   200

                   403

                   403

到此,相信大家对“如何通过ngx_lua模块实现CC攻击的防护”有了更深的了解,不妨来实际操作一番吧!这里是亿速云网站,更多相关内容可以进入相关频道进行查询,关注我们,继续学习!

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