这篇文章主要讲解了“如何用ShardingSphere5.0.0-alpha实现mysql读写分离”,文中的讲解内容简单清晰,易于学习与理解,下面请大家跟着小编的思路慢慢深入,一起来研究和学习“如何用ShardingSphere5.0.0-alpha实现mysql读写分离”吧!
在前文搭建的 mysql 主从复制 (一主两从)基础上, 我们分别在三个 mysql 上创建了 1 个名为 miaosha
的数据库, 每个数据库中都有 1 张用户表 user_info.
当我们插入数据时, 数据会先插入到主库, 然后会同步到两个从库上, 当我们查询数据时, 只会去两个从库上查询.
create database miaosha; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `miaosha`.`user_info`; CREATE TABLE `miaosha`.`user_info` ( `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `user_label` varchar(32) COLLATE utf8_bin DEFAULT NULL, `username` varchar(64) COLLATE utf8_bin DEFAULT NULL, `email` varchar(64) COLLATE utf8_bin DEFAULT NULL, `phone` varchar(64) COLLATE utf8_bin DEFAULT NULL, `password` varchar(128) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL, `active` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '1', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE = InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_bin;
跟前面数据分库分表的配置一样.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.3.2.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> </parent> <groupId>com.nimo</groupId> <artifactId>read-write-splitting-demo</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>read-write-splitting-demo</name> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>2.1.4</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId> <artifactId>shardingsphere-jdbc-core-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>5.0.0-alpha</version> </dependency> <!-- 阿里数据源 --> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>druid</artifactId> <version>1.2.3</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <excludes> <exclude> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> </exclude> </excludes> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
再次强调下, 本文采用的 shardingsphere 版本是 5.0.0-alpha. 不同版本配置会有差异. 这里先贴出能使用的配置, 后面会对官方提供的配置进行吐槽!!!
server: port: 8777 spring: shardingsphere: props: sql-show: true # 配置 3 个数据源 datasource: names: ds0,ds1,ds2 common: type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource ds0: url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/miaosha?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT%2b8 username: root password: '123456' driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver ds1: url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3340/miaosha?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT%2b8 username: root password: '123456' driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver ds2: url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3341/miaosha?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT%2b8 username: root password: '123456' driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver rules: replica-query: load-balancers: # 负载均衡算法 round-robin: type: ROUND_ROBIN # 这里是最神经病的地方, 不配置就报错! 配置吧又不知道配置什么 props: # 你也可以配置 xxx: 123, yyy: 4342 但是必须得有一个属性, 随便编 default: 0 data-sources: # 这个名字就随便起 prds: # 主库 primary-data-source-name: ds0 # 从库 replica-data-source-names: ds1,ds2 load-balancer-name: round_robin # enabled: true mybatis: typeAliasesPackage: com.nimo.readwritesplitting.entity mapperLocations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
// sql <insert id="addUser" parameterType="com.nimo.shardingdemo.entity.UserInfo"> insert into user_info(id, username, password) values (#{id}, #{username}, #{password}) </insert> // 新增一个用户信息 @PostMapping("userinfo") public Object addUserInfo(@RequestBody UserInfo userInfo) { return userInfoMapper.addUser(userInfo); }
# 插入用户 curl -X POST --location "http://localhost:8777/userinfo" \ -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ -d "{ \"username\": \"wangbadan\", \"password\": \"123456\" }"
# 查询 id 为 7 的用户 curl -X GET http://localhost:8777/userinfo/7
下面是发起查询两次请求后, 打印出来的日志(有删减).
官方5.x 版本对 读写分离 的名称进行了修改.
原先叫 read-write-splitting
, 后来改为了 replica-query
, 所以读写分离的配置也发生了变化
# 官方文档 5.x spring.shardingsphere.rules.readwrite-splitting.xxxxxxxxxx # 官网 demo 5.0.0-alpha spring.shardingsphere.rules.replica-query.xxxxxxxxxx=
但是 官网文档关于读写分离的那一章节, 并没有做修改, 还是用的 read-write-splitting
, 它只是另起了一个章节, 对名称变更做了说明.
详细介绍请参考
github
官方文档的变更历史
可以看到 读写分离配置章节 涉及到读写分离的配置还是用的 readwrite-splitting
比如 spring.shardingsphere.rules.readwrite-splitting.xxxxxxxxxx
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.names= spring.shardingsphere.rules.readwrite-splitting.data-sources.<readwrite-splitting-data-source-name>.primary-data-source-name= spring.shardingsphere.rules.readwrite-splitting.data-sources.<readwrite-splitting-data-source-name>.replica-data-source-names= spring.shardingsphere.rules.readwrite-splitting.data-sources.<readwrite-splitting-data-source-name>.load-balancer-name= # Load balance algorithm configuration spring.shardingsphere.rules.readwrite-splitting.load-balancers.<load-balance-algorithm-name>.type= spring.shardingsphere.rules.readwrite-splitting.load-balancers.<load-balance-algorithm-name>.props.xxx=
这里还有一个需要注意的地方, 在看官网 demo 时, 需要选择下对应的分支/标签.
官网 demo 提供的 读写分离配置 用的是 replica-query
字段, 比如: spring.shardingsphere.rules.replica-query.xxxxxxxxxx=
官网 demo 提供的配置
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.names=primary_ds,replica_ds_0,replica_ds_1 spring.shardingsphere.datasource.common.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource spring.shardingsphere.datasource.common.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver spring.shardingsphere.datasource.common.username=root spring.shardingsphere.datasource.common.password= # 主数据源 primary_ds spring.shardingsphere.datasource.primary_ds.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo_primary_ds?serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8 # 从数据源 replica_ds_0 spring.shardingsphere.datasource.replica_ds_0.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo_replica_ds_0?serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8 # 从数据源 replica_ds_1 spring.shardingsphere.datasource.replica_ds_1.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo_replica_ds_1?serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8 # 负载均衡算法 spring.shardingsphere.rules.replica-query.load-balancers.round_robin.type=ROUND_ROBIN # 主库 spring.shardingsphere.rules.replica-query.data-sources.pr_ds.primary-data-source-name=primary_ds # 从库 spring.shardingsphere.rules.replica-query.data-sources.pr_ds.replica-data-source-names=replica_ds_0,replica_ds_1 spring.shardingsphere.rules.replica-query.data-sources.pr_ds.load-balancer-name=round_robin
最可怕的是不管是使用官网提供的 demo, 还是按照官网文档提供的配置去配置, 项目都运行不起来.
本文基于ShardingSphere5.0.0-alpha
实现了 mysql 读写分离, 在此之前, 还需要搭建一套 mysql 的主从复制架构.
另外, 官方 5.x 版本对 读写分离 的配置进行了调整, 由 readwrite-splitting
改为了 replica-query
.
最后就是以下的配置不可少. props
下的配置可以随意配置. 比如 xxx=yyy, abc=123;
当然原因还没有搞清楚, 后面有时间会研究一下.
spring.shardingsphere.rules.readwrite-splitting.load-balancers.<load-balance-algorithm-name>.props.xxx= # 负载均衡算法属性配置
感谢各位的阅读,以上就是“如何用ShardingSphere5.0.0-alpha实现mysql读写分离”的内容了,经过本文的学习后,相信大家对如何用ShardingSphere5.0.0-alpha实现mysql读写分离这一问题有了更深刻的体会,具体使用情况还需要大家实践验证。这里是亿速云,小编将为大家推送更多相关知识点的文章,欢迎关注!
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