这篇文章将为大家详细讲解有关ceph中rbd块的使用技巧有哪些，小编觉得挺实用的，因此分享给大家做个参考，希望大家阅读完这篇文章后可以有所收获。
由于ceph采用thin provisioning，只有写数据时才会分配相应的块。所以当我们创建一个很大的块时，也是瞬间完成的，因为除了一些元数据外，ceph并没有分配出相应的空间。那么我们创建的rbd块到底有多大呢？以我的环境为例：
[root@osd1 /]# rbd ls myrbd
hello.txt
rbd1
[root@osd1 /]# rbd info myrbd/rbd1
rbd image 'rbd1':
size 1024 MB in 256 objects
order 22 (4096 kB objects)
block_name_prefix: rbd_data.13446b8b4567
format: 2
features: layering
[root@osd1 /]# rbd diff myrbd/rbd1 | awk '{ SUM += $2 } END { print SUM/1024/1024 " MB" }'
14.2812 MB
[root@osd1 /]# rbd diff myrbd/rbd1
Offset Length Type
0 131072 data
4194304 16384 data
130023424 16384 data
260046848 16384 data
390070272 16384 data
520093696 4194304 data
524288000 4194304 data
528482304 2129920 data
650117120 16384 data
780140544 16384 data
910163968 16384 data
1040187392 16384 data
1069547520 4194304 datarbd format1:
[root@osd1 /]# rbd create myrbd/rbd1 -s 8 [root@osd1 /]# rbd info myrbd/rbd1 rbd image 'rbd1': size 8192 kB in 2 objects order 22 (4096 kB objects) block_name_prefix: rb.0.13fb.6b8b4567 format: 1 [root@osd1 /]# rados ls -p myrbd rbd_directory rbd1.rbd [root@osd1 /]# rbd map myrbd/rbd1 [root@osd1 /]# rbd showmapped id pool image snap device 0 myrbd rbd1 - /dev/rbd0 [root@osd1 /]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rbd0 dd: writing to `/dev/rbd0': No space left on device 16385+0 records in 16384+0 records out 8388608 bytes (8.4 MB) copied, 2.25155 s, 3.7 MB/s [root@osd1 /]# rados ls -p myrbd rbd_directory rbd1.rbd rb.0.13fb.6b8b4567.000000000001 rb.0.13fb.6b8b4567.000000000000
$image_name.rbd : 包含了这个块的id (rb.0.13fb.6b8b4567)
$rbd_id.$fragment : 数据块
rbd_directory :当前pool中rbd块的列表
rbd format2
[root@osd1 /]# rbd create myrbd/rbd1 -s 8 --image-format=2 [root@osd1 /]# rbd info myrbd/rbd1 rbd image 'rbd1': size 8192 kB in 2 objects order 22 (4096 kB objects) block_name_prefix: rbd_data.13436b8b4567 format: 2 features: layering [root@osd1 /]# rados ls -p myrbd rbd_directory rbd_header.13436b8b4567 rbd_id.rbd1 [root@osd1 /]# rbd map myrbd/rbd1 [root@osd1 /]# rbd showmapped id pool image snap device 0 myrbd rbd1 - /dev/rbd0 [root@osd1 /]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rbd0 dd: writing to `/dev/rbd0': No space left on device 16385+0 records in 16384+0 records out 8388608 bytes (8.4 MB) copied, 2.14407 s, 3.9 MB/s [root@osd1 /]# rados ls -p myrbd rbd_directory rbd_data.13436b8b4567.0000000000000000 rbd_data.13436b8b4567.0000000000000001 rbd_header.13436b8b4567 rbd_id.rbd1
rbd_data.$rbd_id.$fragment :数据块
rbd_directory : 当前pool中rbd块的列表
rbd_header.$rbd_id : rbd块的元数据
rbd_id.$image_name : 包含了这个块的id ( 13436b8b4567 )
[root@mon0 yum.repos.d]# ceph --admin-daemon /var/run/ceph/ceph-mon.*.asok config show | grep 'primary_affinity' "mon_osd_allow_primary_affinity": "false", #在ceph.conf中加入primary affinity mon osd allow primary affinity = true [root@mon0 yum.repos.d]# ceph pg dump | grep active+clean | egrep "\[0," | wc -l dumped all in format plain 109 [root@mon0 yum.repos.d]# ceph pg dump | grep active+clean | egrep ",0\]" | wc -l dumped all in format plain 123 # ceph osd primary-affinity osd.0 0.5 set osd.0 primary-affinity to 0.5 (8327682) # ceph pg dump | grep active+clean | egrep "\[0," | wc -l 48 # ceph pg dump | grep active+clean | egrep ",0\]" | wc -l 132 # ceph osd primary-affinity osd.0 0 set osd.0 primary-affinity to 0 (802) # ceph pg dump | grep active+clean | egrep "\[0," | wc -l 0 # ceph pg dump | grep active+clean | egrep ",0\]" | wc -l 180
29号ceph放出了0.87 giant版本，我们第一时间进行了升级。升级过程非常简单，只需修改一处ceph.repo，然后yum update ceph就可以了。升级完成后重启各种服务。ceph.repo如下：
[root@mon0 software]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/ceph.repo [Ceph] name=Ceph packages for $basearch gpgkey=https://ceph.com/git/?p=ceph.git;a=blob_plain;f=keys/release.asc enabled=1 baseurl=http://ceph.com/rpm-giant/el6/$basearch priority=1 gpgcheck=1 type=rpm-md [ceph-source] name=Ceph source packages gpgkey=https://ceph.com/git/?p=ceph.git;a=blob_plain;f=keys/release.asc enabled=1 baseurl=http://ceph.com/rpm-giant/el6/SRPMS priority=1 gpgcheck=1 type=rpm-md [Ceph-noarch] name=Ceph noarch packages gpgkey=https://ceph.com/git/?p=ceph.git;a=blob_plain;f=keys/release.asc enabled=1 baseurl=http://ceph.com/rpm-giant/el6/noarch priority=1 gpgcheck=1 type=rpm-m
利用ceph admin socket可以获得ceph的在线参数，对于验证与调试很有帮助。
$ ceph --admin-daemon /path/to/your/ceph/socket
[root@osd2 ~]# ceph --admin-daemon /var/run/ceph/ceph-osd.4.asok help
{ "config diff": "dump diff of current config and default config",
"config get": "config get <field>: get the config value",
"config set": "config set <field> <val> [<val> ...]: set a config variable",
"config show": "dump current config settings",
"dump_blacklist": "dump blacklisted clients and times",
"dump_historic_ops": "show slowest recent ops",
"dump_op_pq_state": "dump op priority queue state",
"dump_ops_in_flight": "show the ops currently in flight",
"dump_reservations": "show recovery reservations",
"dump_watchers": "show clients which have active watches, and on which objects",
"flush_journal": "flush the journal to permanent store",
"get_command_descriptions": "list available commands",
"getomap": "output entire object map",
"git_version": "get git sha1",
"help": "list available commands",
"injectdataerr": "inject data error into omap",
"injectmdataerr": "inject metadata error",
"log dump": "dump recent log entries to log file",
"log flush": "flush log entries to log file",
"log reopen": "reopen log file",
"objecter_requests": "show in-progress osd requests",
"perf dump": "dump perfcounters value",
"perf schema": "dump perfcounters schema",
"rmomapkey": "remove omap key",
"setomapheader": "set omap header",
"setomapval": "set omap key",
"status": "high-level status of OSD",
"truncobj": "truncate object to length",
"version": "get ceph version"}获取journal相关的参数设置：
[root@osd2 ~]# ceph --admin-daemon /var/run/ceph/ceph-mon.osd2.asok config show | grep journal "debug_journaler": "0\/5", "debug_journal": "1\/3", "journaler_allow_split_entries": "true", "journaler_write_head_interval": "15", "journaler_prefetch_periods": "10", "journaler_prezero_periods": "5", "journaler_batch_interval": "0.001", "journaler_batch_max": "0", "mds_kill_journal_at": "0", "mds_kill_journal_expire_at": "0", "mds_kill_journal_replay_at": "0", "mds_journal_format": "1", "osd_journal": "\/var\/lib\/ceph\/osd\/ceph-osd2\/journal", "osd_journal_size": "5120", "filestore_fsync_flushes_journal_data": "false", "filestore_journal_parallel": "false", "filestore_journal_writeahead": "false", "filestore_journal_trailing": "false", "journal_dio": "true", "journal_aio": "true", "journal_force_aio": "false", "journal_max_corrupt_search": "10485760", "journal_block_align": "true", "journal_write_header_frequency": "0", "journal_max_write_bytes": "10485760", "journal_max_write_entries": "100", "journal_queue_max_ops": "300", "journal_queue_max_bytes": "33554432", "journal_align_min_size": "65536", "journal_replay_from": "0", "journal_zero_on_create": "false", "journal_ignore_corruption": "false",
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