本篇内容主要讲解“自定义FutureTask的实现方法”,感兴趣的朋友不妨来看看。本文介绍的方法操作简单快捷,实用性强。下面就让小编来带大家学习“自定义FutureTask的实现方法”吧!
FutureTask是Future的实现,用来异步任务的获取结果,可以启动和取消异步任务,查询异步任务是否计算结束以及获取最终的异步任务的结果。通过get()方法来获取异步任务的结果,但是会阻塞当前线程直至异步任务执行结束。一旦任务执行结束,任务不能重新启动或取消,除非调用runAndReset()方法。
代码示例:
public class ThreadTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Callable<String> myCallable = new MyCallableThread(); FutureTask<String> futureTask = new FutureTask<>(myCallable); Thread myCallableThread = new Thread(futureTask); myCallableThread.setName("MyThread-implements-Callable-test"); myCallableThread.start(); System.out.println("Run by Thread:" + futureTask.get()); //通过线程池执行 ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); executorService.submit(futureTask); executorService.shutdown(); System.out.println("Run by ExecutorService:" + futureTask.get()); } } class MyCallableThread implements Callable<String> { @Override public String call() throws Exception { return Thread.currentThread().getName(); } }
根据FutureTask核心原理,要实现一个FutureTask必须满足以下方面:
需要泛型定义用以返回结果类型
需要一个callable对象,在构造方法中传入
需要实现runnable接口,在run方法中实现具体结果计算
需要一个公开的get方法来获取结果
如果线程没有执行完,则调用get方法的线程需要进入等待队列
需要一个字段记录线程执行的状态
需要一个等待队列存储等待结果的线程
代码示例:
/** * 1. 泛型定义 * 2. 构造方法 callable * 3. 实现了runnable * 4. get方法返回callable执行结果 * 5. get方法有阻塞的效果(未执行结束的话) */ public class MyFutureTask<T> implements Runnable { // 程序执行的结果 private T result; // 要执行的任务 private Callable<T> callable; // 任务运行的状态 private volatile int state = NEW; // 任务运行的状态值 private static final int NEW = 0; private static final int RUNNING = 1; private static final int FINISHED = 2; // 获取结果的线程等待队列 LinkedBlockingQueue<Thread> waiters = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(100); // 执行当前FutureTask的线程,用CAS进行争抢 AtomicReference<Thread> runner = new AtomicReference<>(); public MyFutureTask(Callable<T> task) { this.callable = task; } @Override public void run() { // 判断当前对象的状态,如果是New且抢锁成功就执行 if (state != NEW || !runner.compareAndSet(null, Thread.currentThread())) return; state = RUNNING; try { result = callable.call(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { state = FINISHED; } // 方法执行完,唤醒所有线程 while (true) { Thread waiterThread = waiters.poll(); if (waiterThread == null) break; LockSupport.unpark(waiterThread); } } public T get() { // 如果状态不是FINISHED,则进入等待队列 if (state != FINISHED) { waiters.offer(Thread.currentThread()); } while (state != FINISHED) { LockSupport.park(); } return result; } } // MyFutureTask 测试 public class FutureTaskTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Callable<String> myCallable = new MyCallableThread(); MyFutureTask<String> futureTask = new MyFutureTask<>(myCallable); Thread myCallableThread = new Thread(futureTask); myCallableThread.setName("MyFutureTask-test"); myCallableThread.start(); System.out.println("Run by Thread:" + futureTask.get()); } } class MyCallableThread implements Callable<String> { @Override public String call() throws Exception { return Thread.currentThread().getName(); } }
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