这篇文章主要介绍“微服务之间怎么通过feign调用接口上传文件”，在日常操作中，相信很多人在微服务之间怎么通过feign调用接口上传文件问题上存在疑惑，小编查阅了各式资料，整理出简单好用的操作方法，希望对大家解答”微服务之间怎么通过feign调用接口上传文件”的疑惑有所帮助！接下来，请跟着小编一起来学习吧！
具体需求：
我们的项目是基于springboot框架的springcloud微服务搭建的，后端服务技术层面整体上分为business服务和core服务，business服务用于作为应用层，直接连接客户端，通常用于聚合数据，core服务用来客户端具体操作不同需求来控制数据库，文件上传是通过客户端上传接口，通过business服务，由服务端调用feign接口，也是第一次做这种文件中转，遇到各种问题，下面是我自己的解决方案，不喜勿喷，代码小白一枚;
属性加上consumes=MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE如下代码
@PostMapping(value = "/upload",consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE) @ResponseBody public Result<TbFile> upload(@RequestPart(value = "file",required = true) MultipartFile file, @RequestParam(name = "id",required = true) Integer id, @RequestParam(name = "desc",required = false) String desc, @RequestParam(name = "fileId",required = false) Integer fileId )
解释：@RequestMapping存在以下两个属性：
1.String[] consumes() default {};
2.String[] produces() default {};
两个属性的解释及参考例子：
① 属性produces：指定返回值类型，并且可以设置返回值类型和返回值的字符编码；代码例子参考如下：
属性produces="application/json"时，返回json数据
属性produces="MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE;charset=utf-8"时，设置返回数据的字符编码为utf-8
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/getperson", method = RequestMethod.GET, produces="application/json")
public Object getPerson(int id) {
//实现自己的逻辑调用
Person p= new person();
return p;
}特别说明：produces="application/json"和注解@ResponseBody是一样的效果，使用了注解其实可以不使用该属性了
② 属性consumes： 指定处理请求当中的提交内容类型（Content-Type）：application/json, text/html等;
代码例子参考如下：
@PostMapping(value = "/upload",consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE)
@ResponseBody
public Result<TbFile> upload(@RequestPart(value = "file",required = true) MultipartFile file,
@RequestParam(name = "id",required = true) Integer id,
@RequestParam(name = "desc",required = false) String desc,
@RequestParam(name = "fileId",required = false) Integer fileId ){
}解释： MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE 代表的值为multipart/form-data它会将表单的数据处理为一条消息，以标签为单元，用分隔符分开。既可以上传键值对，也可以上传文件。当上传的字段是文件时，会有Content-Type来表名文件类型；content-disposition，用来说明字段的一些信息；
属性加上consumes=MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE如下代码
@PostMapping(value = "/upload",produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE, consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE) @ResponseBody Result<TbFile> upload(@RequestPart(value = "file",required = true) MultipartFile file, @RequestParam(name = "id",required = true) Integer id, @RequestParam(name = "desc",required = false) String desc, @RequestParam(name = "fileId",required = false) Integer fileId );
具体大概就这么多。能力有限，多多指教!!!
在Spring Cloud 的Feign组件中并不支持文件的传输，会出现这样的错误提示：
feign.codec.EncodeException: class [Lorg.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile; is not a type supported by this encoder.
at feign.codec.Encoder$Default.encode(Encoder.java:90) ~[feign-core-9.5.1.jar:na]
at feign.form.FormEncoder.encode(FormEncoder.java:87) ~[feign-form-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
at feign.form.spring.SpringFormEncoder.encode(SpringFormEncoder.java:64) ~[feign-form-spring-3.3.0.jar:3.3.0]
但是我们可以通过使用Feign的扩展包实现这个功能。
| 服务名 | 端口号 | 角色 |
|---|---|---|
| feign_upload_first | 8100 | feign服务提供者 |
| feign_upload_second | 8101 | feign服务消费者 |
我们调用feign_upload_second的上传文件接口上传文件，feign_upload_second内部使用feign调用feign_upload_first实现文件上传。
2.1 feign_upload_first服务提供者
文件上传的服务提供者接口比较简单，如下所示：
@SpringBootApplication
public class FeignUploadFirstApplication {
@RestController
public class UploadController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/uploadFile",method = RequestMethod.POST, consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE)
public String handleFileUpload(@RequestPart(value = "file") MultipartFile file) {
return file.getOriginalFilename();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(FeignUploadFirstApplication.class, args);
}
}2.2 feign_upload_second服务消费者
增加扩展包依赖
<dependency> <groupId>io.github.openfeign.form</groupId> <artifactId>feign-form</artifactId> <version>3.3.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.github.openfeign.form</groupId> <artifactId>feign-form-spring</artifactId> <version>3.3.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId> <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId> <version>1.3.3</version> </dependency>
新增feign实现文件上传的配置类
@Configuration
public class FeignSupportConfig {
@Bean
public Encoder feignFormEncoder() {
return new SpringFormEncoder();
}
}feign远程调用接口
@FeignClient(name = "file",url = "http://localhost:8100",configuration = FeignSupportConfig.class)
public interface UploadService {
@RequestMapping(value = "/uploadFile", consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE)
String handleFileUpload(@RequestPart(value = "file") MultipartFile file);
}上传文件接口
@RestController
public class UploadController {
@Autowired
UploadService uploadService;
@RequestMapping(value = "/uploadFile",method = RequestMethod.POST, consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE)
public String handleFileUpload(@RequestPart(value = "file") MultipartFile file) {
return uploadService.handleFileUpload(file);
}
}2.3 测试
使用postman进行测试，可以正常上传文件
既然单个文件可以上传，那么多文件应该也没问题吧，我们对上面的代码进行修改
3.1 feign_upload_first服务提供者
文件上传的服务提供者接口比较简单，如下所示：
@SpringBootApplication
public class FeignUploadFirstApplication {
@RestController
public class UploadController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/uploadFile",method = RequestMethod.POST, consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE)
public String handleFileUpload(@RequestPart(value = "file") MultipartFile file) {
return file.getOriginalFilename();
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/uploadFile2",method = RequestMethod.POST, consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE)
public String handleFileUpload(@RequestPart(value = "file") MultipartFile[] file) {
String fileName = "";
for(MultipartFile f : file){
fileName += f.getOriginalFilename()+"---";
}
return fileName;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(FeignUploadFirstApplication.class, args);
}
}3.2 feign_upload_second服务消费者
feign远程调用接口
@FeignClient(name = "file",url = "http://localhost:8100",configuration = FeignSupportConfig.class)
public interface UploadService {
@RequestMapping(value = "/uploadFile", consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE)
String handleFileUpload(@RequestPart(value = "file") MultipartFile file);
@RequestMapping(value = "/uploadFile2", consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE)
String handleFileUpload(@RequestPart(value = "file") MultipartFile[] file);
}上传文件接口
@RestController
public class UploadController {
@Autowired
UploadService uploadService;
@RequestMapping(value = "/uploadFile",method = RequestMethod.POST, consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE)
public String handleFileUpload(@RequestPart(value = "file") MultipartFile file) {
return uploadService.handleFileUpload(file);
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/uploadFile2",method = RequestMethod.POST, consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE)
public String handleFileUpload2(@RequestPart(value = "file") MultipartFile[] file) {
return uploadService.handleFileUpload(file);
}
}3.3 测试
经过测试发现，无法上传多个文件。经过检查，发现源码里底层是有对MultipartFile[]类型的支持的，源码中有个类叫SpringManyMultipartFilesWriter，是专门针对文件数组类型进行操作的，但是配置到项目里的SpringFormEncoder类里却没有对文件数组类型的判断，以致不能支持文件数组的上传
SpringManyMultipartFilesWriter源码
public class SpringManyMultipartFilesWriter extends AbstractWriter {
private final SpringSingleMultipartFileWriter fileWriter = new SpringSingleMultipartFileWriter();
public SpringManyMultipartFilesWriter() {
}
public void write(Output output, String boundary, String key, Object value) throws Exception {
if (value instanceof MultipartFile[]) {
MultipartFile[] files = (MultipartFile[])((MultipartFile[])value);
MultipartFile[] var6 = files;
int var7 = files.length;
for(int var8 = 0; var8 < var7; ++var8) {
MultipartFile file = var6[var8];
this.fileWriter.write(output, boundary, key, file);
}
} else if (value instanceof Iterable) {
Iterable<?> iterable = (Iterable)value;
Iterator var11 = iterable.iterator();
while(var11.hasNext()) {
Object file = var11.next();
this.fileWriter.write(output, boundary, key, file);
}
}
}
public boolean isApplicable(Object value) {
if (value == null) {
return false;
} else if (value instanceof MultipartFile[]) {
return true;
} else {
if (value instanceof Iterable) {
Iterable<?> iterable = (Iterable)value;
Iterator<?> iterator = iterable.iterator();
if (iterator.hasNext() && iterator.next() instanceof MultipartFile) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
}
}SpringFormEncoder源码
public class SpringFormEncoder extends FormEncoder {
public SpringFormEncoder() {
this(new Default());
}
public SpringFormEncoder(Encoder delegate) {
super(delegate);
MultipartFormContentProcessor processor = (MultipartFormContentProcessor)this.getContentProcessor(ContentType.MULTIPART);
processor.addWriter(new SpringSingleMultipartFileWriter());
processor.addWriter(new SpringManyMultipartFilesWriter());
}
public void encode(Object object, Type bodyType, RequestTemplate template) throws EncodeException {
if (!bodyType.equals(MultipartFile.class)) {
super.encode(object, bodyType, template);
} else {
MultipartFile file = (MultipartFile)object;
Map<String, Object> data = Collections.singletonMap(file.getName(), object);
super.encode(data, MAP_STRING_WILDCARD, template);
}
}
}从上面SpringFormEncoder的源码上可以看到SpringFormEncoder类构造时把SpringManyMultipartFilesWriter实例添加到了处理器列表里了，但是在encode方法里又只判断了MultipartFile类型，没有判断数组类型，底层有对数组的支持但上层却缺少了相应判断。那么我们可以自己去扩展FormEncoder，仿照SpringFormEncoder源码，只修改encode方法。
3.3 扩展FormEncoder支持多文件上传
扩展FormEncoder,命名为FeignSpringFormEncoder
public class FeignSpringFormEncoder extends FormEncoder {
/**
* Constructor with the default Feign's encoder as a delegate.
*/
public FeignSpringFormEncoder() {
this(new Default());
}
/**
* Constructor with specified delegate encoder.
*
* @param delegate delegate encoder, if this encoder couldn't encode object.
*/
public FeignSpringFormEncoder(Encoder delegate) {
super(delegate);
MultipartFormContentProcessor processor = (MultipartFormContentProcessor) getContentProcessor(ContentType.MULTIPART);
processor.addWriter(new SpringSingleMultipartFileWriter());
processor.addWriter(new SpringManyMultipartFilesWriter());
}
@Override
public void encode(Object object, Type bodyType, RequestTemplate template) throws EncodeException {
if (bodyType.equals(MultipartFile.class)) {
MultipartFile file = (MultipartFile) object;
Map data = Collections.singletonMap(file.getName(), object);
super.encode(data, MAP_STRING_WILDCARD, template);
return;
} else if (bodyType.equals(MultipartFile[].class)) {
MultipartFile[] file = (MultipartFile[]) object;
if(file != null) {
Map data = Collections.singletonMap(file.length == 0 ? "" : file[0].getName(), object);
super.encode(data, MAP_STRING_WILDCARD, template);
return;
}
}
super.encode(object, bodyType, template);
}
}注册配置类
@Configuration
public class FeignSupportConfig {
@Bean
public Encoder feignFormEncoder() {
return new FeignSpringFormEncoder();
}
}经过测试可以上传多个文件。
到此，关于“微服务之间怎么通过feign调用接口上传文件”的学习就结束了，希望能够解决大家的疑惑。理论与实践的搭配能更好的帮助大家学习，快去试试吧！若想继续学习更多相关知识，请继续关注亿速云网站，小编会继续努力为大家带来更多实用的文章！
免责声明：本站发布的内容（图片、视频和文字）以原创、转载和分享为主，文章观点不代表本网站立场，如果涉及侵权请联系站长邮箱：is@yisu.com进行举报，并提供相关证据，一经查实，将立刻删除涉嫌侵权内容。
