MySQL中怎么实现用户与授权，相信很多没有经验的人对此束手无策，为此本文总结了问题出现的原因和解决方法，通过这篇文章希望你能解决这个问题。
用户的账号由用户名和HOST俩部分组成（'USERNAME'@'HOST'）
HOST的表示：
主机名
具体IP地址
网段/掩码
可以使用通配符表示，%和_；192.168.%即表示这个网段的所有主机
主要：在数据库中修改了用户信息需要执行FLUSH PRIVILEGES;来刷新授权表使其生效
创建
MariaDB [mysql]> CREATE USER 'user1'@'192.168.%'; MariaDB [mysql]> CREATE USER 'user2'@'192.168.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password'; MariaDB [mysql]> SELECT user,host,password FROM user; +-------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | user | host | password | +-------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | root | localhost | *4A54C3F37C03C7FBACE31591D6A8C546F93DF5C5 | | root | centos7 | | | root | 127.0.0.1 | | | root | ::1 | | | | localhost | | | | centos7 | | | user1 | 192.168.% | | | user2 | 192.168.% | *9E72259BA9214F692A85B240647C4D95B0F2E08B | +-------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
删除
MariaDB [mysql]> DROP USER user2@'192.168.%'; MariaDB [mysql]> SELECT user,host,password FROM user; +-------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | user | host | password | +-------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | root | localhost | *4A54C3F37C03C7FBACE31591D6A8C546F93DF5C5 | | root | centos7 | | | root | 127.0.0.1 | | | root | ::1 | | | | localhost | | | | centos7 | | | user1 | 192.168.% | | +-------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
重命名
MariaDB [mysql]> RENAME USER user1@'192.168.%' TO testuser@'%'; MariaDB [mysql]> SELECT user,host,password FROM mysql.user; +----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | user | host | password | +----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | root | localhost | *4A54C3F37C03C7FBACE31591D6A8C546F93DF5C5 | | root | centos7 | | | root | 127.0.0.1 | | | root | ::1 | | | | localhost | | | | centos7 | | | testuser | % | | +----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
修改密码
MariaDB [mysql]> SET PASSWORD FOR testuser@'%' =PASSWORD('testpass');
MariaDB [mysql]> SELECT user,host,password FROM mysql.user;
+----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host | password |
+----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | localhost | *4A54C3F37C03C7FBACE31591D6A8C546F93DF5C5 |
| root | centos7 | |
| root | 127.0.0.1 | |
| root | ::1 | |
| | localhost | |
| | centos7 | |
| testuser | % | *00E247AC5F9AF26AE0194B41E1E769DEE1429A29 |
+----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+其他修改密码的方法：
UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD('testpass') WHERE user='testuser';# mysqladmin -uroot -poldpass password 'newpass'
空数据库的情况下恢复密码
# systemctl stop mariadb # rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/* #删库跑路 # systemctl start mariadb
有数据的情况下恢复密码
1）在/etc/my.cnf配置文件的[mydqld]下添加skip-grant-tables和skip-networking参数
2）# systemctl restart mariadb 重启服务
3）执行mysql登录到数据库
4）MariaDB [(none)]> UPDATE mysql.user SET password=PASSWORD('newpassword') WHERE user='root' AND host='localhost'; #更新密码
5）MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; #刷新授权表
6）退出，修改配置文件，删除skip-grant-tables和skip-networking参数，重启服务
也可以在启动mysqld进程时，为其使用如下选项：
--skip-grant-tables
--skip-networking
语法：GRANT priv_type ON [object_type] priv_level TO user@'%' [IDENTIFIED BY 'password'] [WITH GRANT OPTION];
授权时如果用户不存在则创建，所以我们一般不会单独去创建一个用户，而是授权创建一块完成。
priv_type 授权类型
- SELECT
- INSERT
- UPDATE
- DELETE
- CREATE
- DROP
- INDEX
- ALTER
- SHOW DATABASES
- CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES
- LOCK TABLES
- CREATE VIEW
- SHOW VIEW
- CREATE USER
- ALL PRIVILEGES 或 ALL
object_type 授权对象
- TABLE
- FUNCTION
- PROCEDURE
priv_level 授权级别
- *或*.* 表示所有库
- db_name.* 表示指定库中的所有表
- db_name.tbl_name 指定库中的指定表
- tbl_name 表示当前库的表
- db_name.routine_name 表示指定库的函数,存储过程,触发器
WITH GRANT OPTION
- MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR count
- MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR count
- MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR count
- MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS count
MariaDB [school]> GRANT SELECT(stuid,name) ON TABLE school.students TO admin@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin'; #把students表的stuid和name字段的查询权限授权于admin@'%'用户 MariaDB [school]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; #刷新授权表
MariaDB [school]> SHOW GRANTS FOR admin@'%'\G #查看指定用户的权限 *************************** 1. row *************************** Grants for admin@%: GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'admin'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*4ACFE3202A5FF5CF467898FC58AAB1D615029441' *************************** 2. row *************************** Grants for admin@%: GRANT SELECT (stuid, name) ON `school`.`students` TO 'admin'@'%'
[root@working ~]# mysql -uadmin -padmin -h292.168.0.7 MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GRANTS FOR CURRENT_USER()\G #查询自己的权限 *************************** 1. row *************************** Grants for admin@%: GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'admin'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*4ACFE3202A5FF5CF467898FC58AAB1D615029441' *************************** 2. row *************************** Grants for admin@%: GRANT SELECT (stuid, name) ON `school`.`students` TO 'admin'@'%'
MariaDB [school]> REVOKE SELECT(stuid) ON school.students FROM admin@'%'; #收回admin@'%'用户对stuid字段的查询权限
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