这篇文章主要介绍了如何使用spring框架实现数据库事务处理方式，具有一定借鉴价值，感兴趣的朋友可以参考下，希望大家阅读完这篇文章之后大有收获，下面让小编带着大家一起了解一下。
事务对于数据库来说是，是对sql语句的一系列操作，这些操作被组织成为一个事务。事务具有原子性的，要么全部执行，要么不执行。若事务中sql语句发生错误，事务需要对已经执行的sql进行回滚操作，撤销先前对数据库的操作，防止数据库出现错误状态。
jdbc本身提供了对数据库处理的支持，使用java.sql.Connection对象完成事务的提交。使用Connection提交数据库事务处理如下：
发现里面有一个方法叫setAutoCommit()，设置为true时，就是自动提交sql，如果设置为false时，sql语句的提交由程序负责，应用程序必须调用Commit方法，同时在执行sql语句异常处理块中调用rollback方法，对异常发生前进行的数据库进行回滚。
在企业级中，事务一般都是并发执行的，当事务并发执行时，就会发生数据库同步的问题，具体问题可分为下面四种类型：
脏读：
不可重复读：
丢失更新：
幻读：
为了解决上面的四种问题，解决事务并发的问题
transaction_read_uncommitted:数据级别最低，俗称脏读，在没有提交数据时，就已经读取到已经更新的数据。
transaction_read_committed:当一个事务进行查询时，允许读取提交前的数据，数据提交后，当前查询就可以读取到数据，update数据的时候并不锁住表。(最长使用)
transaction_repeatable_read:当一个事务进行查询时，不允许读取其他事务更新的数据，可以读取其他事务新增的数据。
transaction_serializable:当一个事务进行查询时，不允许任何对这个事务进行查询，就是把并行改成了串行。不提倡使用。
第一步就是配置数据源就是配置数据库的名称和密码，地址等。
第二步就是声明事务管理TransactionManagerspring框架提供了PlatformTransactionManager作为事务管理类的顶层接口，声明了初始化事务，提交事务，回滚事务等接口。接口实现由具体的数据库驱动类实现。具体包括DataTransactionManager等实现类。但是主要还是使用的是DataTransactionManager类。
定义可以执行事务的DAO类DAO提供了应用程序访问数据源必要的接口和方法。
编程式事务管理，
maven pom.xml文件
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- mysql驱动 --> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.18</version> </dependency>
编程式事务管理，可以通过 java.sql.Connection 控制事务。spring 配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <bean id="driver" class="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></bean> <bean id="datasource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SimpleDriverDataSource"> <constructor-arg index="0" name="driver" ref="driver" /> <constructor-arg index="1"> <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</value> </constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="2"> <value>root</value> </constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="3"> <value>root</value> </constructor-arg> </bean> </beans>
测试代码
package constxiong.interview.transaction;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class TransactionTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
testManualTransaction();//测试函数式控制事务
}
private static void testManualTransaction() throws SQLException {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring_transaction.xml");
DataSource ds = (DataSource)context.getBean("datasource");
Connection conn = ds.getConnection();
try {
initTable(conn);//初始化表
conn.setAutoCommit(false);//设置不自动提交事务
queryUsers(conn);//查询打印用户表
deleteUser(conn);//删除 id=1 用户
conn.rollback();//回滚
queryUsers(conn);//查询打印用户表
} finally {
conn.close();
}
}
private static void initTable(Connection conn) throws SQLException {
conn.createStatement().execute("drop table if exists user");
conn.createStatement().execute("create table user(id int, username varchar(60)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ");//是否支持事务与数据库引擎有关，此处删除 ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 可能不支持事务
conn.createStatement().execute("insert into user values(1, 'user1')");
conn.createStatement().execute("insert into user values(2, 'user2')");
}
private static void deleteUser(Connection conn) throws SQLException {
conn.createStatement().execute("delete from user where id = 1");
}
private static void queryUsers(Connection conn) throws SQLException {
Statement st = conn.createStatement();
st.execute("select * from user");
ResultSet rs = st.getResultSet();
while (rs.next()) {
System.out.print(rs.getString("id"));
System.out.print(" ");
System.out.print(rs.getString("username"));
System.out.println();
}
}
}删除用户语句回滚，打印出两个用户
1 user1
2 user2
1 user1
2 user2
新增 UserDao 接口
package constxiong.interview.transaction;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public interface UserDao {
/**
* 查询用户
* @return
*/
public List<Map<String, Object>> getUsers();
/**
* 删除用户
* @param id
* @return
*/
public int deleteUser(int id);
}新增 UserDao 实现
package constxiong.interview.transaction;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
public class UserDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements UserDao {
/**
* 查询用户
* @return
*/
public List<Map<String, Object>> getUsers() {
String sql = "select * from user";
return this.getJdbcTemplate().queryForList(sql);
}
/**
* 删除用户
* @param id
* @return
*/
public int deleteUser(int id){
String sql = "delete from user where id = " + id;
int result = this.getJdbcTemplate().update(sql);
if (id == 1) {
throw new RuntimeException();
}
return result;
}
}修改 spring 配置文件，添加事务管理器 DataSourceTransactionManager 和事务代理类 TransactionProxyFactoryBean
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <bean id="driver" class="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></bean> <bean id="datasource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SimpleDriverDataSource"> <constructor-arg index="0" name="driver" ref="driver" /> <constructor-arg index="1"> <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</value> </constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="2"> <value>root</value> </constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="3"> <value>root</value> </constructor-arg> </bean> <bean id="userDao" class="constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl"> <property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property> </bean> <!-- 事务管理器 --> <bean id="tracnsactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> <property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property> </bean> <bean id="userProxy" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"> <property name="transactionManager" ref="tracnsactionManager"></property> <property name="target" ref="userDao"></property> <property name="transactionAttributes"> <props> <!-- 主要 key 是方法 ISOLATION_DEFAULT 事务的隔离级别 PROPAGATION_REQUIRED 传播行为 --> <!-- -Exception 表示发生指定异常回滚，+Exception 表示发生指定异常提交 --> <prop key="deleteUser">-java.lang.RuntimeException</prop> </props> </property> </bean> </beans>
测试代码
package constxiong.interview.transaction;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class TransactionTest {
static ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring_transaction.xml");
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
testUseTransactionProxy(); //测试使用 spring TransactionProxyFactoryBean
}
private static void testUseTransactionProxy() {
final UserDao userDao = (UserDao)context.getBean("userProxy");
printUsers(userDao);//打印用户
userDao.deleteUser(1);//删除 id=1 用户
}
private static void printUsers(UserDao userDao) {
for (Map<String, Object> user : userDao.getUsers()) {
System.out.println(user);
}
}
}结果输出
{id=1, username=user1}
{id=2, username=user2}
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException
at constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl.deleteUser(UserDaoImpl.java:28)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(AopUtils.java:302)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:190)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:157)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor$1.proceedWithInvocation(TransactionInterceptor.java:99)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:281)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:96)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:208)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy3.deleteUser(Unknown Source)
at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.testUseTransactionProxy(TransactionTest.java:32)
at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.main(TransactionTest.java:13)
UserDaoImpl 删除用户方法添加注解 @Transactional(rollbackFor=RuntimeException.class) 出现 RuntimeException 回滚
package constxiong.interview.transaction;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
public class UserDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements UserDao {
/**
* 查询用户
* @return
*/
public List<Map<String, Object>> getUsers() {
String sql = "select * from user";
return this.getJdbcTemplate().queryForList(sql);
}
/**
* 删除用户
* @param id
* @return
*/
@Transactional(rollbackFor=RuntimeException.class)
public int deleteUser(int id){
String sql = "delete from user where id = " + id;
int result = this.getJdbcTemplate().update(sql);
if (id == 1) {
throw new RuntimeException();
}
return result;
}
}修改 spring 配置文件，开启 spring 的事务注解能力
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <bean id="driver" class="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></bean> <bean id="datasource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SimpleDriverDataSource"> <constructor-arg index="0" name="driver" ref="driver" /> <constructor-arg index="1"> <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</value> </constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="2"> <value>root</value> </constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="3"> <value>root</value> </constructor-arg> </bean> <bean id="userDao" class="constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl"> <property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property> </bean> <!-- 事务管理器 --> <bean id="tracnsactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> <property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property> </bean> <!-- 启用事务注解 --> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="tracnsactionManager"/> </beans>
测试代码
package constxiong.interview.transaction;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class TransactionTest {
static ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring_transaction.xml");
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
testAnnotationTransaction();
}
private static void testAnnotationTransaction() {
UserDao userDao = (UserDao)context.getBean("userDao");
printUsers(userDao);
userDao.deleteUser(1);
}
private static void printUsers(UserDao userDao) {
for (Map<String, Object> user : userDao.getUsers()) {
System.out.println(user);
}
}
}输出结果
{id=1, username=user1}
{id=2, username=user2}
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException
at constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl.deleteUser(UserDaoImpl.java:30)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(AopUtils.java:302)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:190)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:157)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor$1.proceedWithInvocation(TransactionInterceptor.java:99)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:281)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:96)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:208)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy5.deleteUser(Unknown Source)
at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.testAnnotationTransaction(TransactionTest.java:20)
at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.main(TransactionTest.java:13)
maven pom.xml 添加 Aspectj 的支持
<dependency> <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId> <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId> <version>1.8.13</version> </dependency>
去除 UserDaoImpl 注解@Transactional(rollbackFor=RuntimeException.class)
package constxiong.interview.transaction;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
public class UserDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements UserDao {
/**
* 查询用户
* @return
*/
public List<Map<String, Object>> getUsers() {
String sql = "select * from user";
return this.getJdbcTemplate().queryForList(sql);
}
/**
* 删除用户
* @param id
* @return
*/
public int deleteUser(int id){
String sql = "delete from user where id = " + id;
int result = this.getJdbcTemplate().update(sql);
if (id == 1) {
throw new RuntimeException();
}
return result;
}
}修改 spring 配置文件，织入切面
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <bean id="driver" class="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></bean> <bean id="datasource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SimpleDriverDataSource"> <constructor-arg index="0" name="driver" ref="driver" /> <constructor-arg index="1"> <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test</value> </constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="2"> <value>root</value> </constructor-arg> <constructor-arg index="3"> <value>root</value> </constructor-arg> </bean> <bean id="userDao" class="constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl"> <property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property> </bean> <!-- 事务管理器 --> <bean id="tracnsactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> <property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"></property> </bean> <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="tracnsactionManager"> <tx:attributes> <!-- 为连接点指定事务属性 --> <tx:method name="deleteUser" rollback-for="java.lang.RuntimeException"/> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <aop:config> <!-- 切入点配置 --> <aop:pointcut id="point" expression="execution(* *constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDao.deleteUser(..))" /> <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="point"/> </aop:config> </beans>
测试代码
package constxiong.interview.transaction;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class TransactionTest {
static ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring_transaction.xml");
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
testAspectjTransaction();
}
private static void testAspectjTransaction() {
UserDao userDao = (UserDao)context.getBean("userDao");
printUsers(userDao);
userDao.deleteUser(1);
}
private static void printUsers(UserDao userDao) {
for (Map<String, Object> user : userDao.getUsers()) {
System.out.println(user);
}
}
}输出结果
{id=1, username=user1}
{id=2, username=user2}
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException
at constxiong.interview.transaction.UserDaoImpl.deleteUser(UserDaoImpl.java:28)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(AopUtils.java:302)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:190)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:157)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor$1.proceedWithInvocation(TransactionInterceptor.java:99)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:281)
at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:96)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
at org.springframework.aop.interceptor.ExposeInvocationInterceptor.invoke(ExposeInvocationInterceptor.java:92)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:208)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy2.deleteUser(Unknown Source)
at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.testAnnotationTransaction(TransactionTest.java:20)
at constxiong.interview.transaction.TransactionTest.main(TransactionTest.java:13)
感谢你能够认真阅读完这篇文章，希望小编分享的“如何使用spring框架实现数据库事务处理方式”这篇文章对大家有帮助，同时也希望大家多多支持亿速云，关注亿速云行业资讯频道，更多相关知识等着你来学习!
免责声明：本站发布的内容（图片、视频和文字）以原创、转载和分享为主，文章观点不代表本网站立场，如果涉及侵权请联系站长邮箱：is@yisu.com进行举报，并提供相关证据，一经查实，将立刻删除涉嫌侵权内容。
