hadoop研究

包下载

http://archive.cloudera.com/cdh5/cdh/4/

http://apache.fayea.com/hadoop/common/hadoop-2.6.4/hadoop-2.6.4.tar.gz

http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/apache/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.8/zookeeper-3.4.8.tar.gz

http://apache.opencas.org/hbase/1.2.0/hbase-1.2.0-bin.tar.gz

http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u73-b02/jdk-8u73-linux-x64.tar.gz

环境

10.200.140.58 hadoop-308.99bill.com #物理机   datanode  zookeeper   regionserver

10.200.140.59 hadoop-309.99bill.com #物理机   datanode  zookeeper   regionserver

10.200.140.60 hadoop-310.99bill.com #物理机 datanode zookeeper regionserver

10.200.140.45 hadoop-311.99bill.com #虚拟机   master 

10.200.140.46 hadoop-312.99bill.com #虚拟机   second  hmaster

修改主机名，禁用ipv6

cat /etc/profile

export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_80/

PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin

CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib

export JAVA_HOME

export PATH

export CLASSPATH

HADOOP_BASE=/opt/oracle/hadoop

HADOOP_HOME=/opt/oracle/hadoop

YARN_HOME=/opt/oracle/hadoop

PATH=$HADOOP_BASE/bin:$PATH

export HADOOP_BASE PATH

10.200.140.45 能够免密登陆

[oracle@hadoop-311 hadoop]$ cat core-site.xml

<configuration>

  <property>

      <name>fs.defaultFS</name>

     <value>hdfs://hadoop-311.99bill.com:9000</value>

  </property>

  <property>

  <name>io.file.buffer.size</name>

  <value>16384</value>

  </property>

</configuration>

[oracle@hadoop-311 hadoop]$ cat hdfs-site.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<configuration>

    <property>

    <name>dfs.replication</name>

    <value>3</value>

    </property>

<property>

    <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>

   <value>/opt/hadoop/name</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>

<value>/opt/hadoop/data/dfs</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>dfs.datanode.handler.count</name>

<value>150</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>dfs.blocksize</name>

<value>64m</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>dfs.datanode.du.reserved</name>

<value>1073741824</value>

<final>true</final>

</property>

<property>

<name>dfs.hosts.exclude</name>

<value>/opt/oracle/hadoop/etc/hadoop/slave-deny-list</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>dfs.namenode.http-address</name>

<value>hadoop-311.99bill.com:50070</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>dfs.namenode.secondary.http-address</name>

<value>hadoop-312.99bill.com:50090</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>dfs.permissions</name>

<value>false</value>

</property>

</configuration>

[oracle@hadoop-311 hadoop]$ cat mapred-site.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->

<configuration>

   <property>

        <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>

        <value>yarn</value>

   </property>

   <property>

                   <name>mapreduce.map.memory.mb</name>

                    <value>4000</value>

   </property>

   <property>

   <name>mapreduce.reduce.memory.mb</name>

   <value>4000</value>

   </property>

</configuration>

定义 datanode

[oracle@hadoop-311 hadoop]$ cat slaves

hadoop-308.99bill.com

hadoop-309.99bill.com

hadoop-310.99bill.com

hadoop-env.sh

export HADOOP_LOG_DIR=$HADOOP_HOME/logs

export HADOOP_PID_DIR=/opt/oracle/hadoop

export HADOOP_SECURE_DN_PID_DIR=/opt/oracle/hadoop

export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_80/

export HADOOP_HEAPSIZE=6000

exec_time=`date +'%Y%m%d-%H%M%S'`

export HADOOP_NAMENODE_OPTS="-Xmx6g ${HADOOP_NAMENODE_OPTS}"

export HADOOP_SECONDARYNAMENODE_OPTS="-Xmx6g ${HADOOP_SECONDARYNAMENODE_OPTS}"

export HADOOP_DATANODE_OPTS="-server -Xmx6000m -Xms6000m -Xmn1000m -XX:PermSize=128M -XX:MaxPermSize=128M -verbose:gc -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps -Xloggc:$HADOOP_LOG_DIR/gc-$(hostname)-datanode-${exec_time}.log -XX:+UseParNewGC -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=70 -XX:+UseCMSCompactAtFullCollection -XX:CMSFullGCsBeforeCompaction=10 -XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled -XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled -XX:+UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly -XX:TargetSurvivorRatio=90 -XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=20"

[oracle@hadoop-311 hadoop]$ cat yarn-site.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<configuration>

<!-- Site specific YARN configuration properties -->

 <property>

         <name>yarn.resourcemanager.address</name>

                 <value>hadoop-311.99bill.com:8032</value>

                     </property>

    <property>

            <name>yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.address</name>

                    <value>hadoop-311.99bill.com:8030</value>

                        </property>

    <property>

            <name>yarn.resourcemanager.resource-tracker.address</name>

                    <value>hadoop-311.99bill.com:8031</value>

                        </property>

    <property>

            <name>yarn.resourcemanager.admin.address</name>

                    <value>hadoop-311.99bill.com:8033</value>

                        </property>

    <property>

            <name>yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.address</name>

                    <value>hadoop-311.99bill.com:8088</value>

                        </property>

    <property>

            <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>

                    <value>mapreduce.shuffle</value>

     </property>

</configuration>

启动hadoop集群

第一次执行，需要格式化namenode,以后启动不需要执行此步骤。

hadoop/bin/hadoop -format

然后启动hadoop

hadoop/sbin/start-all.sh

启动完成后，如果没有什么错误，执行jps查询一下当前进程，NameNode是Hadoop Master进程，SecondaryNameNode，ResourceManager是Hadoop进程。

[oracle@hadoop-311 hadoop]$ jps

13332 Jps

5430 NameNode

5719 ResourceManager

三、ZooKeeper集群安装

1.    解压缩zookeeper-3.4.8.tar.gz并重命名zookeeper, 进入zookeeper/conf目录,cp zoo_sample.cfg zoo.cfg 并编辑

[oracle@hadoop-308 conf]$ cat zoo.cfg

# The number of milliseconds of each tick

tickTime=2000

maxClientCnxns=0

# The number of ticks that the initial

# synchronization phase can take

initLimit=50

# The number of ticks that can pass between

# sending a request and getting an acknowledgement

syncLimit=5

# the directory where the snapshot is stored.

# 保留快照数

autopurge.snapRetainCount=2

# Purge task interval in hours

# 清理快照时间间隔（小时）

autopurge.purgeInterval=84

dataDir=/opt/hadoop/zookeeperdata

# the port at which the clients will connect

clientPort=2181

server.1=hadoop-308:2888:3888

server.2=hadoop-309:2888:3888

server.3=hadoop-310:2888:3888

2.    新建并编辑myid文件

1

mkdir /opt/hadoop/zookeeperdata

echo "1" > /opt/hadoop/zookeeperdata/myid

3.    然后同步zookeeper到其他两个节点,然后在其他节点需要修改myid为相应的数字。

启动 zookeeper

cd /opt/oracle/zookeeper

./bin/zkServer.sh start

[oracle@hadoop-308 tools]$ jps

11939 Jps

4373 DataNode

8579 HRegionServer

四、HBase集群的安装和配置

1.    解压缩hbase-1.2.0-bin.tar.gz并重命名为hbase, 编辑/hbase/conf/hbase-env.sh

export HBASE_MANAGES_ZK=false

export HBASE_HEAPSIZE=4000

export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_80/

[oracle@hadoop-311 conf]$ cat hbase-site.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<!--

/**

 * Copyright 2010 The Apache Software Foundation

 *

 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one

 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file

 * distributed with this work for additional information

 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file

 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the

 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance

 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

 *

 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

 *

 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

 * limitations under the License.

 */

-->

<configuration>

<property>

<name>hbase.rootdir</name>

<value>hdfs://hadoop-311:9000/hbase</value>

<description>The directory shared by region servers.</description>

</property>

<property>

<name>hbase.cluster.distributed</name>

<value>true</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hbase.master.port</name>

<value>60000</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hbase.master</name>

<value>hadoop-312</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hbase.zookeeper.quorum</name>

<value>hadoop-308,hadoop-309,hadoop-310</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hbase.regionserver.handler.count</name>

<value>300</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hbase.hstore.blockingStoreFiles</name>

<value>70</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>zookeeper.session.timeout</name>

<value>60000</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hbase.regionserver.restart.on.zk.expire</name>

<value>true</value>

<description>

Zookeeper session expired will force regionserver exit.

Enable this will make the regionserver restart.

</description>

</property>

<property>

<name>hbase.replication</name>

<value>false</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hfile.block.cache.size</name>

<value>0.4</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hbase.regionserver.global.memstore.upperLimit</name>

<value>0.35</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hbase.hregion.memstore.block.multiplier</name>

<value>8</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hbase.server.thread.wakefrequency</name>

<value>100</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hbase.master.distributed.log.splitting</name>

<value>false</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hbase.regionserver.hlog.splitlog.writer.threads</name>

<value>3</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hbase.client.scanner.caching</name>

<value>10</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hbase.hregion.memstore.flush.size</name>

<value>134217728</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hbase.hregion.memstore.mslab.enabled</name>

<value>true</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hbase.coprocessor.user.region.classes</name>

<value>org.apache.hadoop.hbase.coprocessor.AggregateImplementation</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>dfs.datanode.max.xcievers</name>

<value>2096</value>

<description>PRIVATE CONFIG VARIABLE</description>

</property>

</configuration>

 分发hbase到其他4个节点

五、启动集群

1.     启动zookeeper

1

zookeeper/bin/zkServer.sh start

2.    启动Hadoop

$ hadoop/sbin/start-all.sh

修改hbase/conf/hbase-site.xml

[oracle@hadoop-311 conf]$ cat hbase-site.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<!--

/**

 * Copyright 2010 The Apache Software Foundation

 *

 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one

 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file

 * distributed with this work for additional information

 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file

 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the

 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance

 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

 *

 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

 *

 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

 * limitations under the License.

 */

-->

<configuration>

<property>

<name>hbase.rootdir</name>

<value>hdfs://hadoop-311:9000/hbase</value>

<description>The directory shared by region servers.</description>

</property>

<property>

<name>hbase.cluster.distributed</name>

<value>true</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hbase.master.port</name>

<value>60000</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hbase.master</name>

<value>hadoop-312</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hbase.zookeeper.quorum</name>

<value>hadoop-308,hadoop-309,hadoop-310</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hbase.regionserver.handler.count</name>

<value>300</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hbase.hstore.blockingStoreFiles</name>

<value>70</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>zookeeper.session.timeout</name>

<value>60000</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hbase.regionserver.restart.on.zk.expire</name>

<value>true</value>

<description>

Zookeeper session expired will force regionserver exit.

Enable this will make the regionserver restart.

</description>

</property>

<property>

<name>hbase.replication</name>

<value>false</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hfile.block.cache.size</name>

<value>0.4</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hbase.regionserver.global.memstore.upperLimit</name>

<value>0.35</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hbase.hregion.memstore.block.multiplier</name>

<value>8</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hbase.server.thread.wakefrequency</name>

<value>100</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hbase.master.distributed.log.splitting</name>

<value>false</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hbase.regionserver.hlog.splitlog.writer.threads</name>

<value>3</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hbase.client.scanner.caching</name>

<value>10</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hbase.hregion.memstore.flush.size</name>

<value>134217728</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hbase.hregion.memstore.mslab.enabled</name>

<value>true</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>hbase.coprocessor.user.region.classes</name>

<value>org.apache.hadoop.hbase.coprocessor.AggregateImplementation</value>

</property>

<property>

<name>dfs.datanode.max.xcievers</name>

<value>2096</value>

<description>PRIVATE CONFIG VARIABLE</description>

</property>

</configuration>

hbase-env.sh

export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_80/

export HBASE_CLASSPATH=/opt/oracle/hadoop/conf

export HBASE_HEAPSIZE=4000

export HBASE_OPTS="-XX:PermSize=512M -XX:MaxPermSize=512M -XX:+UseParNewGC -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=70 -XX:+UseCMSCompactAtFullCollection -XX:CMSFullGCsBeforeCompaction=10 -XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled -XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled -XX:+UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly -XX:TargetSurvivorRatio=90 -XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=20"

exec_time=`date +'%Y%m%d-%H%M%S'`

export HBASE_MASTER_OPTS="-Xmx4096m -Xms4096m -Xmn128m  -verbose:gc -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps -Xloggc:$HBASE_HOME/logs/gc-$(hostname)-master-${exec_time}.log"

export HBASE_REGIONSERVER_OPTS="-Xmx8192m -Xms8192m -Xmn512m  -verbose:gc -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps -Xloggc:$HBASE_HOME/logs/gc-$(hostname)-regionserver-${exec_time}.log"

export HBASE_MANAGES_ZK=fals

[oracle@hadoop-311 conf]$ cat regionservers

hadoop-308

hadoop-309

hadoop-310

分发到其他四台

 cd /opt/oracle/hbase

sh bin/start-hbase.sh

[oracle@hadoop-311 bin]$ ./hbase shell

16/03/23 20:20:47 WARN conf.Configuration: hadoop.native.lib is deprecated. Instead, use io.native.lib.available

HBase Shell; enter 'help<RETURN>' for list of supported commands.

Type "exit<RETURN>" to leave the HBase Shell

Version 0.94.15-cdh5.7.1, r, Tue Nov 18 08:42:59 PST 2014

hbase(main):001:0> status

SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.

SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/opt/oracle/hbase/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.6.1.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]

SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/opt/oracle/hadoop/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.6.1.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]

SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.

16/03/23 20:20:52 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable

3 servers, 0 dead, 0.6667 average load                

10. 常见问题

10.1. Namenode非正常关闭

在所有的hadoop环境机器上用jps命令，把所有的进程列出，然后kill掉，再按照启动顺序启动

10.2. Datanode非正常关闭

在namenode上启动HDFS

运行hadoop/bin/start-all.sh

如果Datanode同时是zookeeper，还需要启动zookeeper

在该datanode上运行zookeeper/bin/zkServer.sh start。

在namenode上启动Hbase

运行hbase/bin/start-hbase.sh

http://10.200.140.46:60010/master-status

10.3. 停止一台非master的服务器

在该台服务器上运行：

hadoop/bin/hadoop-daemon.sh stop datanode 

hadoop/bin/hadoop-daemon.sh stop tasktracker

hbase/bin/hbase-daemon.sh stop regionserver

在http://10.200.140.45:50070/dfshealth.jsp查看该节点是否已经变成dead nodes，变成dead nodes之后，就可以停止该台服务器

在刚停止服务的时候，看到的截图如下：

当停止服务成功，看到的截图如下：

重启服务器以后，在hadoop001上运行，启动服务：

hadoop/bin/start-all.sh

hbase/bin/start-hbase.sh

11. 监控端口

11.1. Namenode监控端口(hadoop001)：

60010,60000,50070,50030,9000,9001,10000

11.2. zookeeper监控端口(hadoop003,hadoop004,hadoop005)

2181

11.3. Datanode监控端口(hadoop003,hadoop004,hadoop005,hadoop006,hadoop007)

60030,50075

12、HDFS 上传文件不均衡和Balancer太慢的问题

Hmaster 有个start-balancer.sh

###########迁移方案

先在新机房准备一套新的hadoop环境

###hadoop迁移-hbase

1 确定新hbase可以正常运行，并且两个集群之间的机器都可以用机器名互相访问到   ok

2 停掉新hbase   ok

3 在两个集群任何hadoop机器运行下面的命令

    ./hadoop distcp -bandwidth 10 -m 3 hdfs://hadoop001.99bill.com:9000/hbase/if_fss_files hdfs://hadoop-312.99bill.com:9000/hbase/if_fss_files

4 使用附件的脚本，运行

   hbase org.jruby.Main ~/add_table.rb /hbase/if_fss_files

5 启动新hbase

###hadoop迁移-hadoop数据迁移

########整理hadoop文件,对于打包失败的重新打包

如2014-07-24执行

./hdfs dfs -rm -r /fss/2014-07-24

./hdfs dfs -rm -r /fss/2014-07-24.har

./hdfs dfs -mv /fss/2014-07-24a.har /fss/2014-07-24.har

##从远程fss系统同步到新机房本地

./hdfs dfs -copyToLocal hdfs://hadoop001.99bill.com:9000/fss/2015-04-08.har /opt/sdb/hadoop/tmp/

####从新机房本地导入fss系统

./hdfs dfs -copyFromLocal /opt/sdb/hadoop/tmp/2015-04-08.har /fss/

sleep 5

./hdfs dfs -copyFromLocal /opt/sdb/hadoop/tmp/2015-06/03-30.har   /fss/2015-06