今天小编给大家分享一下分布式服务注册发现与统一配置管理Consul的方法的相关知识点，内容详细，逻辑清晰，相信大部分人都还太了解这方面的知识，所以分享这篇文章给大家参考一下，希望大家阅读完这篇文章后有所收获，下面我们一起来了解一下吧。
下载相应版本解压，并将可执行文件复制到/usr/local/consul目录下
创建一个service的配置文件
silence$ sudo mkdir /etc/consul.d
silence$ echo '{"service":{"name": "web", "tags": ["rails"], "port": 80}}' | sudo tee /etc/consul.d/web.json启动代理
silence$ /usr/local/consul/consul agent -dev -node consul_01 -config-dir=/etc/consul.d/ -ui
-dev 参数代表本地测试环境启动；-node 参数表示自定义集群名称；-config-drir 参数表示services的注册配置文件目录，即上面创建的文件夹-ui 启动自带的web-ui管理页面
集群成员查询方式
silence-pro:~ silence$ /usr/local/consul/consul members
HTTP协议数据查询
silence-pro:~ silence$ curl http://127.0.0.1:8500/v1/catalog/service/web
[
{
"ID": "ab1e3577-1b24-d254-f55e-9e8437956009",
"Node": "consul_01",
"Address": "127.0.0.1",
"Datacenter": "dc1",
"TaggedAddresses": {
"lan": "127.0.0.1",
"wan": "127.0.0.1"
},
"NodeMeta": {
"consul-network-segment": ""
},
"ServiceID": "web",
"ServiceName": "web",
"ServiceTags": [
"rails"
],
"ServiceAddress": "",
"ServicePort": 80,
"ServiceEnableTagOverride": false,
"CreateIndex": 6,
"ModifyIndex": 6
}
]
silence-pro:~ silence$web-ui管理 Consul Web UI
Consul的web-ui可以用来进行服务状态的查看，集群节点的检查，访问列表的控制以及KV存储系统的设置，相对于Eureka和ETCD，Consul的web-ui要好用的多。（Eureka和ETCD将在下一篇文章中简单介绍。）
7.KV存储的数据导入和导出
silence-pro:consul silence$ ./consul kv import @temp.json silence-pro:consul silence$ ./consul kv export redis/
temp.json文件内容格式如下，一般是管理页面配置后先导出保存文件，以后需要再导入该文件
[
{
"key": "redis/config/password",
"flags": 0,
"value": "MTIzNDU2"
},
{
"key": "redis/config/username",
"flags": 0,
"value": "U2lsZW5jZQ=="
},
{
"key": "redis/zk/",
"flags": 0,
"value": ""
},
{
"key": "redis/zk/password",
"flags": 0,
"value": "NDU0NjU="
},
{
"key": "redis/zk/username",
"flags": 0,
"value": "ZGZhZHNm"
}
]Consul的KV存储系统是一种类似zk的树形节点结构，用来存储相关key/value键值对信息的，我们可以使用KV存储系统来实现上面提到的配置中心，将统一的配置信息保存在KV存储系统里面，方便各个实例获取并使用同一配置。而且更改配置后各个服务可以自动拉取最新配置，不需要重启服务。
maven pom依赖增加，版本可自由更换
<dependency> <groupId>com.orbitz.consul</groupId> <artifactId>consul-client</artifactId> <version>0.12.3</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency>
Consul 基本工具类，根据需要相应扩展
package com.coocaa.consul.consul.demo;
import com.google.common.base.Optional;
import com.google.common.net.HostAndPort;
import com.orbitz.consul.*;
import com.orbitz.consul.model.agent.ImmutableRegCheck;
import com.orbitz.consul.model.agent.ImmutableRegistration;
import com.orbitz.consul.model.health.ServiceHealth;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.util.List;
public class ConsulUtil {
private static Consul consul = Consul.builder().withHostAndPort(HostAndPort.fromString("127.0.0.1:8500")).build();
/**
* 服务注册
*/
public static void serviceRegister() {
AgentClient agent = consul.agentClient();
try {
/**
* 注意该注册接口：
* 需要提供一个健康检查的服务URL，以及每隔多长时间访问一下该服务（这里是3s）
*/
agent.register(8080, URI.create("http://localhost:8080/health").toURL(), 3, "tomcat", "tomcatID", "dev");
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 服务获取
*
* @param serviceName
*/
public static void findHealthyService(String serviceName) {
HealthClient healthClient = consul.healthClient();
List<ServiceHealth> serviceHealthList = healthClient.getHealthyServiceInstances(serviceName).getResponse();
serviceHealthList.forEach((response) -> {
System.out.println(response);
});
}
/**
* 存储KV
*/
public static void storeKV(String key, String value) {
KeyValueClient kvClient = consul.keyValueClient();
kvClient.putValue(key, value);
}
/**
* 根据key获取value
*/
public static String getKV(String key) {
KeyValueClient kvClient = consul.keyValueClient();
Optional<String> value = kvClient.getValueAsString(key);
if (value.isPresent()) {
return value.get();
}
return "";
}
/**
* 找出一致性的节点（应该是同一个DC中的所有server节点）
*/
public static List<String> findRaftPeers() {
StatusClient statusClient = consul.statusClient();
return statusClient.getPeers();
}
/**
* 获取leader
*/
public static String findRaftLeader() {
StatusClient statusClient = consul.statusClient();
return statusClient.getLeader();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
AgentClient agentClient = consul.agentClient();
agentClient.deregister("tomcatID");
}
}3.通过上面的基本工具类可以实现服务的注册和KV数据的获取与存储功能
三台主机Consul下载安装，我这里没有物理主机，所以通过三台虚拟机来实现。虚拟机IP分192.168.231.145，192.168.231.146，192.168.231.147
将145和146两台主机作为Server模式启动，147作为Client模式启动，Server和Client只是针对Consul集群来说的，跟服务没有任何关系！
Server模式启动145，节点名称设为n1，数据中心统一用dc1
[root@centos145 consul]# ./consul agent -server -bootstrap-expect 2 -data-dir /tmp/consul -node=n1 -bind=192.168.231.145 -datacenter=dc1 bootstrap_expect = 2: A cluster with 2 servers will provide no failure tolerance. See https://www.consul.io/docs/internals/consensus.html#deployment-table bootstrap_expect > 0: expecting 2 servers ==> Starting Consul agent... ==> Consul agent running! Version: 'v1.0.1' Node ID: '6cc74ff7-7026-cbaa-5451-61f02114cd25' Node name: 'n1' Datacenter: 'dc1' (Segment: '<all>') Server: true (Bootstrap: false) Client Addr: [127.0.0.1] (HTTP: 8500, HTTPS: -1, DNS: 8600) Cluster Addr: 192.168.231.145 (LAN: 8301, WAN: 8302) Encrypt: Gossip: false, TLS-Outgoing: false, TLS-Incoming: false ==> Log data will now stream in as it occurs: 2017/12/06 23:26:21 [INFO] raft: Initial configuration (index=0): [] 2017/12/06 23:26:21 [INFO] serf: EventMemberJoin: n1.dc1 192.168.231.145 2017/12/06 23:26:21 [INFO] serf: EventMemberJoin: n1 192.168.231.145 2017/12/06 23:26:21 [INFO] agent: Started DNS server 127.0.0.1:8600 (udp) 2017/12/06 23:26:21 [INFO] raft: Node at 192.168.231.145:8300 [Follower] entering Follower state (Leader: "") 2017/12/06 23:26:21 [INFO] consul: Adding LAN server n1 (Addr: tcp/192.168.231.145:8300) (DC: dc1) 2017/12/06 23:26:21 [INFO] consul: Handled member-join event for server "n1.dc1" in area "wan" 2017/12/06 23:26:21 [INFO] agent: Started DNS server 127.0.0.1:8600 (tcp) 2017/12/06 23:26:21 [INFO] agent: Started HTTP server on 127.0.0.1:8500 (tcp) 2017/12/06 23:26:21 [INFO] agent: started state syncer 2017/12/06 23:26:28 [ERR] agent: failed to sync remote state: No cluster leader 2017/12/06 23:26:30 [WARN] raft: no known peers, aborting election 2017/12/06 23:26:49 [ERR] agent: Coordinate update error: No cluster leader 2017/12/06 23:26:54 [ERR] agent: failed to sync remote state: No cluster leader 2017/12/06 23:27:24 [ERR] agent: Coordinate update error: No cluster leader 2017/12/06 23:27:27 [ERR] agent: failed to sync remote state: No cluster leader 2017/12/06 23:27:56 [ERR] agent: Coordinate update error: No cluster leader 2017/12/06 23:28:02 [ERR] agent: failed to sync remote state: No cluster leader 2017/12/06 23:28:27 [ERR] agent: failed to sync remote state: No cluster leader 2017/12/06 23:28:33 [ERR] agent: Coordinate update error: No cluster leader
目前只启动了145，所以还没有集群
4.Server模式启动146，节点名称用n2，并在n2上启用了web-ui管理页面功能
[root@centos146 consul]# ./consul agent -server -bootstrap-expect 2 -data-dir /tmp/consul -node=n2 -bind=192.168.231.146 -datacenter=dc1 -ui bootstrap_expect = 2: A cluster with 2 servers will provide no failure tolerance. See https://www.consul.io/docs/internals/consensus.html#deployment-table bootstrap_expect > 0: expecting 2 servers ==> Starting Consul agent... ==> Consul agent running! Version: 'v1.0.1' Node ID: 'eb083280-c403-668f-e193-60805c7c856a' Node name: 'n2' Datacenter: 'dc1' (Segment: '<all>') Server: true (Bootstrap: false) Client Addr: [127.0.0.1] (HTTP: 8500, HTTPS: -1, DNS: 8600) Cluster Addr: 192.168.231.146 (LAN: 8301, WAN: 8302) Encrypt: Gossip: false, TLS-Outgoing: false, TLS-Incoming: false ==> Log data will now stream in as it occurs: 2017/12/06 23:28:30 [INFO] raft: Initial configuration (index=0): [] 2017/12/06 23:28:30 [INFO] serf: EventMemberJoin: n2.dc1 192.168.231.146 2017/12/06 23:28:31 [INFO] serf: EventMemberJoin: n2 192.168.231.146 2017/12/06 23:28:31 [INFO] raft: Node at 192.168.231.146:8300 [Follower] entering Follower state (Leader: "") 2017/12/06 23:28:31 [INFO] consul: Adding LAN server n2 (Addr: tcp/192.168.231.146:8300) (DC: dc1) 2017/12/06 23:28:31 [INFO] consul: Handled member-join event for server "n2.dc1" in area "wan" 2017/12/06 23:28:31 [INFO] agent: Started DNS server 127.0.0.1:8600 (tcp) 2017/12/06 23:28:31 [INFO] agent: Started DNS server 127.0.0.1:8600 (udp) 2017/12/06 23:28:31 [INFO] agent: Started HTTP server on 127.0.0.1:8500 (tcp) 2017/12/06 23:28:31 [INFO] agent: started state syncer 2017/12/06 23:28:38 [ERR] agent: failed to sync remote state: No cluster leader 2017/12/06 23:28:39 [WARN] raft: no known peers, aborting election 2017/12/06 23:28:57 [ERR] agent: Coordinate update error: No cluster leader 2017/12/06 23:29:11 [ERR] agent: failed to sync remote state: No cluster leader 2017/12/06 23:29:30 [ERR] agent: Coordinate update error: No cluster leader 2017/12/06 23:29:38 [ERR] agent: failed to sync remote state: No cluster leader 2017/12/06 23:29:57 [ERR] agent: Coordinate update error: No cluster leader
同样没有集群发现，此时n1和n2都启动起来，但是互相并不知道集群的存在！
5.将n1节点加入n2
[silence@centos145 consul]$ ./consul join 192.168.231.146
此时n1和n2都打印发现了集群的日志信息
6.这个时候n1和n2两个节点已经是一个集群里面的Server模式的节点了
7.Client模式启动147
[root@centos147 consul]# ./consul agent -data-dir /tmp/consul -node=n3 -bind=192.168.231.147 -datacenter=dc1 ==> Starting Consul agent... ==> Consul agent running! Version: 'v1.0.1' Node ID: 'be7132c3-643e-e5a2-9c34-cad99063a30e' Node name: 'n3' Datacenter: 'dc1' (Segment: '') Server: false (Bootstrap: false) Client Addr: [127.0.0.1] (HTTP: 8500, HTTPS: -1, DNS: 8600) Cluster Addr: 192.168.231.147 (LAN: 8301, WAN: 8302) Encrypt: Gossip: false, TLS-Outgoing: false, TLS-Incoming: false ==> Log data will now stream in as it occurs: 2017/12/06 23:36:46 [INFO] serf: EventMemberJoin: n3 192.168.231.147 2017/12/06 23:36:46 [INFO] agent: Started DNS server 127.0.0.1:8600 (udp) 2017/12/06 23:36:46 [INFO] agent: Started DNS server 127.0.0.1:8600 (tcp) 2017/12/06 23:36:46 [INFO] agent: Started HTTP server on 127.0.0.1:8500 (tcp) 2017/12/06 23:36:46 [INFO] agent: started state syncer 2017/12/06 23:36:46 [WARN] manager: No servers available 2017/12/06 23:36:46 [ERR] agent: failed to sync remote state: No known Consul servers 2017/12/06 23:37:08 [WARN] manager: No servers available 2017/12/06 23:37:08 [ERR] agent: failed to sync remote state: No known Consul servers 2017/12/06 23:37:36 [WARN] manager: No servers available 2017/12/06 23:37:36 [ERR] agent: failed to sync remote state: No known Consul servers 2017/12/06 23:38:02 [WARN] manager: No servers available 2017/12/06 23:38:02 [ERR] agent: failed to sync remote state: No known Consul servers 2017/12/06 23:38:22 [WARN] manager: No servers available 2017/12/06 23:38:22 [ERR] agent: failed to sync remote state: No known Consul servers
8.在n3上面将节点n3加入集群
[silence@centos147 consul]$ ./consul join 192.168.231.145
9.再次查看集群节点信息
10.此时三个节点的Consul集群搭建成功了！其实n1和n2是Server模式启动，n3是Client模式启动。
11.关于Consul的Server模式和Client模式主要的区别是这样的，一个Consul集群通过启动的参数-bootstrap-expect来控制这个集群的Server节点个数，Server模式的节点会维护集群的状态，并且如果某个Server节点退出了集群，则会触发Leader重新选举机制，在会剩余的Server模式节点中重新选举一个Leader；而Client模式的节点的加入和退出很自由。
12.在n2中启动web-ui
以上就是“分布式服务注册发现与统一配置管理Consul的方法”这篇文章的所有内容，感谢各位的阅读！相信大家阅读完这篇文章都有很大的收获，小编每天都会为大家更新不同的知识，如果还想学习更多的知识，请关注亿速云行业资讯频道。
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