Linux中如何搭建和配置PHP

# Linux中如何搭建和配置PHP

PHP作为最流行的服务器端脚本语言之一，在Web开发中占据重要地位。本文将详细介绍在Linux系统中搭建和配置PHP环境的完整流程，涵盖主流发行版的安装方法、基础配置优化以及与Nginx/Apache的集成。

## 一、环境准备

### 1.1 系统要求
- Linux发行版（Ubuntu/Debian/CentOS/RHEL等）
- 管理员权限（sudo或root）
- 稳定的网络连接

### 1.2 更新系统包
在安装前建议先更新系统：

```bash
# Ubuntu/Debian
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

# CentOS/RHEL
sudo yum update -y

sudo apt install php-fpm php-mysql php-curl php-gd php-mbstring php-xml php-zip -y

# 添加EPEL仓库（CentOS 7）
sudo yum install epel-release -y

# 安装PHP
sudo yum install php php-fpm php-mysqlnd php-curl php-gd php-json php-mbstring php-xml php-zip -y

php -v

PHP 8.1.2 (cli) (built: Mar  4 2022 07:13:49)

; 调整内存限制
memory_limit = 256M

; 上传文件大小限制
upload_max_filesize = 64M
post_max_size = 64M

; 时区设置
date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai

; 错误报告设置（生产环境建议关闭）
display_errors = Off
log_errors = On

# Ubuntu/Debian
sudo systemctl restart php{version}-fpm  # 如php8.1-fpm

# CentOS/RHEL
sudo systemctl restart php-fpm

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;
    
    location ~ \.php$ {
        include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.1-fpm.sock;
    }
}

sudo nginx -t
sudo systemctl reload nginx

sudo apt install libapache2-mod-php  # Ubuntu/Debian
sudo yum install php php-mysql       # CentOS/RHEL

sudo systemctl restart apache2  # Ubuntu/Debian
sudo systemctl restart httpd    # CentOS/RHEL

php -m

# Ubuntu/Debian
sudo apt install php-redis php-imagick php-bcmath

# CentOS/RHEL
sudo yum install php-pecl-redis php-pecl-imagick php-bcmath

# Ubuntu/Debian
sudo phpenmod mbstring
sudo phpdismod xdebug

# CentOS/RHEL
# 需手动编辑/etc/php.d/目录下对应ini文件

sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html
sudo find /var/www/html -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \;
sudo find /var/www/html -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;

disable_functions = exec,passthru,shell_exec,system,proc_open,popen

sudo apt install php-opcache  # Ubuntu/Debian
sudo yum install php-opcache  # CentOS/RHEL

sudo systemctl status php-fpm

sudo tail -f /var/log/php-fpm/error.log

sudo systemctl restart php-fpm nginx