今天小编给大家分享一下FreeRTOS动态内存分配怎么管理heap5的相关知识点,内容详细,逻辑清晰,相信大部分人都还太了解这方面的知识,所以分享这篇文章给大家参考一下,希望大家阅读完这篇文章后有所收获,下面我们一起来了解一下吧。
heap5与heap4分配释放算法完全相同,只是heap5支持管理多块不连续的内存,本质是将多块不连续内存用链表串成一整块内存,再用heap4算法来分配释放。若使用heap5则在涉及到分配释放的函数调用时要先调用vPortDefineHeapRegions
把多块不连续内存串成一块初始化。
此函数原型
void vPortDefineHeapRegions( const HeapRegion_t * const pxHeapRegions ),
参数在portable.h
中定义,如下
/* Used by heap_5.c. */
typedef struct HeapRegion
{
uint8_t *pucStartAddress;//指向内存块首地址
size_t xSizeInBytes;//此内存块大小
} HeapRegion_t;
比如有2块内存要用heap5管理,地址0x80000000,大小0x10000,地址0x90000000,大小0xa0000
,则如下定义该结构体数组
HeapRegion_t xHeapRegions[] =
{
{ ( uint8_t * ) 0x80000000UL, 0x10000 },
{ ( uint8_t * ) 0x90000000UL, 0xa0000 },
{ NULL, 0 }
};
注意地址顺序要从小到大,最后要以{NULL,0}结尾(源码是以0做判断结束循环)
下面看初始化源码
void vPortDefineHeapRegions( const HeapRegion_t * const pxHeapRegions )
{
BlockLink_t *pxFirstFreeBlockInRegion = NULL, *pxPreviousFreeBlock;
size_t xAlignedHeap;
size_t xTotalRegionSize, xTotalHeapSize = 0;
BaseType_t xDefinedRegions = 0;
size_t xAddress;
const HeapRegion_t *pxHeapRegion;
/* Can only call once! */
configASSERT( pxEnd == NULL );
pxHeapRegion = &( pxHeapRegions[ xDefinedRegions ] );
while( pxHeapRegion->xSizeInBytes > 0 )
{
xTotalRegionSize = pxHeapRegion->xSizeInBytes;
/* Ensure the heap region starts on a correctly aligned boundary. */
xAddress = ( size_t ) pxHeapRegion->pucStartAddress;
if( ( xAddress & portBYTE_ALIGNMENT_MASK ) != 0 )
{
xAddress += ( portBYTE_ALIGNMENT - 1 );
xAddress &= ~portBYTE_ALIGNMENT_MASK;
/* Adjust the size for the bytes lost to alignment. */
xTotalRegionSize -= xAddress - ( size_t ) pxHeapRegion->pucStartAddress;
}
xAlignedHeap = xAddress;
/* Set xStart if it has not already been set. */
if( xDefinedRegions == 0 )
{
/* xStart is used to hold a pointer to the first item in the list of
free blocks. The void cast is used to prevent compiler warnings. */
xStart.pxNextFreeBlock = ( BlockLink_t * ) xAlignedHeap;
xStart.xBlockSize = ( size_t ) 0;
}
else
{
/* Should only get here if one region has already been added to the
heap. */
configASSERT( pxEnd != NULL );
/* Check blocks are passed in with increasing start addresses. */
configASSERT( xAddress > ( size_t ) pxEnd );
}
/* Remember the location of the end marker in the previous region, if
any. */
pxPreviousFreeBlock = pxEnd;
/* pxEnd is used to mark the end of the list of free blocks and is
inserted at the end of the region space. */
xAddress = xAlignedHeap + xTotalRegionSize;
xAddress -= xHeapStructSize;
xAddress &= ~portBYTE_ALIGNMENT_MASK;
pxEnd = ( BlockLink_t * ) xAddress;
pxEnd->xBlockSize = 0;
pxEnd->pxNextFreeBlock = NULL;
/* To start with there is a single free block in this region that is
sized to take up the entire heap region minus the space taken by the
free block structure. */
pxFirstFreeBlockInRegion = ( BlockLink_t * ) xAlignedHeap;
pxFirstFreeBlockInRegion->xBlockSize = xAddress - ( size_t ) pxFirstFreeBlockInRegion;
pxFirstFreeBlockInRegion->pxNextFreeBlock = pxEnd;
/* If this is not the first region that makes up the entire heap space
then link the previous region to this region. */
if( pxPreviousFreeBlock != NULL )
{
pxPreviousFreeBlock->pxNextFreeBlock = pxFirstFreeBlockInRegion;
}
xTotalHeapSize += pxFirstFreeBlockInRegion->xBlockSize;
/* Move onto the next HeapRegion_t structure. */
//下一块
xDefinedRegions++;
pxHeapRegion = &( pxHeapRegions[ xDefinedRegions ] );
}
xMinimumEverFreeBytesRemaining = xTotalHeapSize;
xFreeBytesRemaining = xTotalHeapSize;
/* Check something was actually defined before it is accessed. */
configASSERT( xTotalHeapSize );
/* Work out the position of the top bit in a size_t variable. */
xBlockAllocatedBit = ( ( size_t ) 1 ) << ( ( sizeof( size_t ) * heapBITS_PER_BYTE ) - 1 );
}
比如有多块内存,一块是内部ram,其他是外部ram,外部的地址能写死确定,但是内部的会随着程序开发不停改变,怎么确定呢,下面是官网给的例子
/* Define the start address and size of the two RAM regions not used by the
linker. */
#define RAM2_START_ADDRESS ( ( uint8_t * ) 0x00020000 )
#define RAM2_SIZE ( 32 * 1024 )
#define RAM3_START_ADDRESS ( ( uint8_t * ) 0x00030000 )
#define RAM3_SIZE ( 32 * 1024 )
/* Declare an array that will be part of the heap used by heap_5. The array will be
placed in RAM1 by the linker. */
#define RAM1_HEAP_SIZE ( 30 * 1024 )
static uint8_t ucHeap[ RAM1_HEAP_SIZE ];
/* Create an array of HeapRegion_t definitions. Whereas in Listing 6 the first entry
described all of RAM1, so heap_5 will have used all of RAM1, this time the first
entry only describes the ucHeap array, so heap_5 will only use the part of RAM1 that
contains the ucHeap array. The HeapRegion_t structures must still appear in start
address order, with the structure that contains the lowest start address appearing
first. */
const HeapRegion_t xHeapRegions[] =
{
{ ucHeap, RAM1_HEAP_SIZE },
{ RAM2_START_ADDRESS, RAM2_SIZE },
{ RAM3_START_ADDRESS, RAM3_SIZE },
{ NULL, 0 } /* Marks the end of the array. */
};
这样就不用老是修改第一块的起始地址。
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