一、docker概述
二、docker的核心概念及安装方式
三、docker容器操作
四、docker资源控制
五、docker数据库管理
1.是一种轻量级的“虚拟机”
2.在Linux容器里运行应用的开源工具
参考案例指导文档表1-1
1.打包应用程序简化部署
2.可脱离底层硬件任意迁移
3.例:服务器从腾讯云迁移到阿里云
1.镜像
2.容器
3.仓库(共有,私有)
1.使用CURL获得Docker的安装脚本进行安装
2.使用YUM仓库来安装Docker
[root@localhost ~]# yum install yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 -y [root@localhost ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo [root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo docker-ce.repo#此时会显示docker的镜像源 [root@localhost ~]# yum install -y docker-ce [root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service [root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker.service [root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable docker.service [root@localhost ~]# docker search nginx #搜索nginx镜像 NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED nginx Official build of Nginx. 12375 [OK] jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… 1704 [OK] richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of… 749 [OK] linuxserver/nginx An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS… 84 ......以下省略多项#显示出的仓库中的镜像按星级进行排名,星级越高,下载人数越多,自然就越靠谱 [root@localhost ~]# docker pull nginx#此时我们不使用加速进行下载 Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/nginx 000eee12ec04: Downloading 3.083MB/27.09MB eb22865337de: Downloading 1.703MB/23.74MB bee5d581ef8b: Download complete #此时速度会非常慢,有时候甚至会出现卡顿 #我们可以在此处做一个优化操作就是:镜像加速`此命令可以在阿里云的官网上搜索“官方镜像加速”从而获取到自己的命令代码(需要先注册阿里云平台的账号)` `找到控制台,登陆后找到左侧的“产品与服务”,再找到“容器镜像服务”,再找到左侧的“镜像加速器”,在“操作文档”中选择自己的系统,此处我们需要选择“CentOS”,就可以找到自己账号生成的镜像加速配置文件` [root@localhost ~]# tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF' { "registry-mirrors": ["https://w1ogxqvl.mirror.aliyuncs.com"] } EOF [root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload [root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart docker [root@localhost ~]# docker pull nginx Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/nginx 000eee12ec04: Pull complete eb22865337de: Pull complete bee5d581ef8b: Pull complete Digest: sha256:50cf965a6e08ec5784009d0fccb380fc479826b6e0e65684d9879170a9df8566 Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest docker.io/library/nginx:latest #此时很快就可以下载完成了 [root@localhost ~]# docker images #查看下载下来的镜像 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest 231d40e811cd 4 weeks ago 126MB
docker create [选项]镜像运行的程序
-i让容器的标准输入保持打开
-t 让Docker分配一个伪终端
docker ps [选项]
-a列出最近一次启动的容器
docker start容器的ID/名称
docker run [选项]镜像运行的程序执行的命令
-d在后台进行运行
docker stop容器的ID/名称
docker e
xec [选项]容器的ID/名称/bin/bash
docker export容器的ID/名称>文件名
cat文件名| docker import -生成的镜像名称:标签
docker rm [选项]容器的ID/名称
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect 231d40e811cd #查看镜像信息 [ { "Id": "sha256:231d40e811cd970168fb0c4770f2161aa30b9ba6fe8e68527504df69643aa145", "RepoTags": [ "nginx:latest" ], "RepoDigests": [ ......以下省略多行 [root@localhost ~]# docker tag nginx:latest nginx:web #重新定义标签 [root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest 231d40e811cd 4 weeks ago 126MB nginx web 231d40e811cd 4 weeks ago 126MB [root@localhost ~]# docker images | grep nginx nginx latest 231d40e811cd 4 weeks ago 126MB nginx web 231d40e811cd 4 weeks ago 126MB #删除镜像 [root@localhost ~]# docker rmi nginx:web Untagged: nginx:web [root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest 231d40e811cd 4 weeks ago 126MB #存出镜像 [root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/ [root@localhost opt]# lscontainerd rh [root@localhost opt]# docker save -o nginx nginx:latest [root@localhost opt]# lscontainerd nginx rh [root@localhost opt]# ls -lh 总用量 125M drwx--x--x. 4 root root 28 12月 24 11:01 containerd -rw-------. 1 root root 125M 12月 24 11:17 nginx drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 26 2015 rh
[root@localhost ~]# docker images #此时Docker镜像是空的 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
[root@localhost opt]# scp /opt/nginx root@192.168.18.145:/opt/ The authenticity of host '192.168.18.145 (192.168.18.145)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:mTT+FEtzAu4X3D5srZlz93S3gye8MzbqVZFDzfJd4Gk. ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:fa:5a:88:23:49:60:9b:b8:7e:4b:14:4b:3f:cd:96:a0. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.18.145' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. root@192.168.18.145's password: nginx 100% 124MB 124.0MB/s 00:01
[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/ [root@localhost opt]# ls containerd nginx rh [root@localhost opt]# docker load < nginx #导入过程 831c5620387f: Loading layer 72.48MB/72.48MB 5fb987d2e54d: Loading layer 57.67MB/57.67MB 4fc1aa8003a3: Loading layer 3.584kB/3.584kB Loaded image: nginx:latest [root@localhost opt]# docker images #查看镜像 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest 231d40e811cd 4 weeks ago 126MB
[root@localhost opt]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@localhost opt]# docker create -it nginx:latest /bin/bash #容器创建82013604d57b7e0cbad870b367ca241579581a3c34d977aec58157a89fe9188e [root@localhost opt]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 82013604d57b nginx:latest "/bin/bash" 18 seconds ago Created laughing_robinson [root@localhost opt]# docker start 82013604d57b #启动 82013604d57b [root@localhost opt]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 82013604d57b nginx:latest "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Up 20 seconds 80/tcp laughing_robinson #此时状态为up,端口为80 [root@localhost opt]# docker search centos7 [root@localhost opt]# docker pull paigeeworld/centos7 [root@localhost opt]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest 231d40e811cd 4 weeks ago 126MB paigeeworld/centos7 latest 4cbe7aa905e7 5 years ago 382MB [root@localhost opt]# docker create -it paigeeworld/centos7/bin/bash fe74e5e0e354e855f76b2edc043358c71f9a2e99d10ac3875c610e1fd9dac4d7 [root@localhost opt]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES fe74e5e0e354 paigeeworld/centos7 "/bin/bash" 8 seconds ago Created trusting_satoshi #此时只是Created创建好的状态 [root@localhost opt]# docker start fe74e5e0e354 #启动 fe74e5e0e354 [root@localhost opt]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES fe74e5e0e354 paigeeworld/centos7 "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up 11 seconds trusting_satoshi 82013604d57b nginx:latest "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Up 6 minutes 80/tcp laughing_robinson #此时是Up开启的状态
[root@localhost opt]# docker run paigeeworld/centos7 /usr/bin/bash -c ls / #查看镜像根目录下有哪些文件bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var [root@localhost opt]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES d04961e9862f paigeeworld/centos7 "/usr/bin/bash -c ls…" About a minute ago Exited (0) About a minute ago frosty_pare #docker run = 镜像做了create然后start,再进入到容器中执行了ls,最后执行了stop
#进入容器[root@localhost opt]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES d04961e9862f paigeeworld/centos7 "/usr/bin/bash -c ls…" 15 minutes ago Exited (0) 15 minutes ago frosty_pare fe74e5e0e354 paigeeworld/centos7 "/bin/bash" 22 minutes ago Up 21 minutes trusting_satoshi 82013604d57b nginx:latest "/bin/bash" 30 minutes ago Up 28 minutes 80/tcp laughing_robinson [root@localhost opt]# docker exec -it fe74e5e0e354 /bin/bash #选择运行的容器进入环境 bash-4.2# ls /bin dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr boot etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var bash-4.2# exit exit #终止运行 [root@localhost opt]# docker stop fe74e5e0e354 #停止 fe74e5e0e354 [root@localhost opt]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES fe74e5e0e354 paigeeworld/centos7 "/bin/bash" 25 minutes ago Exited (137) 4 seconds ago trusting_satoshi #此时状态为退出
1.通过--cpu-quota选项来限制CPU的使用率
2.通过修改配置文件cpu.cfs_quota_us实现
docker run --cpu-shares 1024容器A
docker run --cpu-shares 1024容器B
docker run --cpu-shares 2048容器C
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --cpu-quota 20000 nginx:latest #该容器在电脑中所占资源只有20%,如果没有设置它就会对别的资源进行抢占 [root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES e1e8a4aef629 nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 5 seconds ago Up 4 seconds 80/tcp strange_dubinsky #此时会显示一个新的进程(需要新开一个终端进行查看) [root@localhost ~]# cd /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu/docker/ [root@localhost docker]# ls cgroup.procs cpu.shares cpuacct.stat cpu.stat cpuacct.usage e1e8a4aef6293bb2f116fe219ef0e2e190d9e094d79bb583925b49d0af3e9e67 #此时会在配置文件的目录下找到以’e1e8a4aef629’开头的配置文件 [root@localhost docker]# cd e1e8a4aef6293bb2f116fe219ef0e2e190d9e094d79bb583925b49d0af3e9e67 [root@localhost e1e8a4aef6293bb2f116fe219ef0e2e190d9e094d79bb583925b49d0af3e9e67]# ls cgroup.clone_children cpuacct.usage cpu.rt_period_us notify_on_release cgroup.event_control cpuacct.usage_percpu cpu.rt_runtime_us tasks cgroup.procs cpu.cfs_period_us cpu.shares cpuacct.stat cpu.cfs_quota_us cpu.stat [root@localhost e1e8a4aef6293bb2f116fe219ef0e2e190d9e094d79bb583925b49d0af3e9e67]# cat cpu.cfs_quota_us #此quota文件可以设置上限值20000
[root@localhost docker]# docker pull paigeeworld/centos7 #需要再下载一个cento7的镜像 [root@localhost docker]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest 231d40e811cd 4 weeks ago 126MB paigeeworld/centos7 latest 4cbe7aa905e7 5 years ago 382MB `创建两个容器为c1和c2,若只有这两个容器,设置容器的权重,使得c1和c2的CPU资源占比为33.3%和66.7%` [root@localhost docker]# docker run -itd --name cl --cpu-shares 512 paigeeworld/centos7ab596821561386ec6519652606b79b363e548f29ad2c289480f7a577e8f5803b [root@localhost docker]# docker run -itd --name c2 --cpu-shares 1024 paigeeworld/centos7462562fbf8ba7614328c3afde41bcc466dd329fbfe79317b5ec0e6e5cefde71d [root@localhost docker]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 462562fbf8ba paigeeworld/centos7 "/bin/bash" 35 seconds ago Up 34 seconds c2 ab5968215613 paigeeworld/centos7 "/bin/bash" 36 seconds ago Up 36 seconds cl#此时就会产生cl和c2两个新的容器了,分别占用1/3和2/3
[root@localhost docker]# docker run --name c3 --cpuset-cpus 0,1 paigeeworld/centos7 #此时可以使用到两个核心数资源
[root@localhost docker]# docker run --name c4 -m 512m paigeeworld/centos7 [root@localhost docker]# docker ps -aCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 580c4e066308 paigeeworld/centos7 "/bin/bash" 3 seconds ago Exited (0) 2 seconds ago c4
--device-read-bps:限制读某个设备的bps(数据量) [root@localhost dev]# docker run -d --device-read-bps /dev/sda:30mb paigeeworld/centos7627b05085a2305f5e2ef5a3725458e25b85441c8e400402f72f562fb71813ab1 --device-write-bps:限制写入某个设备的bps(数据量) 例:docker run -d --device-write-bps /dev/sda:30mb paigeeworld/centos7 --device-read-iops:限制读某个设备的iops (次数) --device-write-iops:限制写入某个设备的iops (次数)
1.方便查看容器内产生的数据
2.多容器间实现数据共享
1.数据卷
2.数据卷容器
数据卷:直接在centos上添加,可实现数据共享,实现的是宿主和容器之间的数据共享
数据卷容器:容器之间实现共享,和宿主机没有关系,A容器中的a目录与B容器上的d目录实现数据共享
docker run -d -v /data1 -v /data2 --name web
httpd:centos
docker run -d -v /var/www:/data1 --name web-1
httpd:centos
docker run -it --volumes-from web --name db1
httpd:centos /bin/bash
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