自动化运维Python库函数实战技巧

在实际应用中，使用 Python 进行自动化运维的过程可能会涉及到多个库和函数

1. 使用 subprocess 库执行系统命令：

   import subprocess
   
   def run_command(command):
       process = subprocess.Popen(command, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
       stdout, stderr = process.communicate()
       return process.returncode, stdout.decode(), stderr.decode()
   
   command = "ls /tmp"
   exit_code, output, error = run_command(command)
   print("Exit code:", exit_code)
   print("Output:", output)
   print("Error:", error)
   

2. 使用 paramiko 库进行 SSH 操作：

   import paramiko
   
   def ssh_command(hostname, port, username, password, command):
       client = paramiko.SSHClient()
       client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
       client.connect(hostname, port, username, password)
       stdin, stdout, stderr = client.exec_command(command)
       output = stdout.read().decode()
       error = stderr.read().decode()
       client.close()
       return output, error
   
   hostname = "example.com"
   port = 22
   username = "user"
   password = "password"
   command = "ls /tmp"
   output, error = ssh_command(hostname, port, username, password, command)
   print("Output:", output)
   print("Error:", error)
   

3. 使用 fabric 库进行自动化部署：

   from fabric import Connection
   
   def deploy(hostname, port, username, password, local_path, remote_path):
       conn = Connection(f"{username}@{hostname}:{port}", connect_kwargs={"password": password})
       conn.put(local_path, remote_path)
       conn.run(f"chmod +x {remote_path}")
       conn.run(f"{remote_path}")
   
   hostname = "example.com"
   port = 22
   username = "user"
   password = "password"
   local_path = "my_script.sh"
   remote_path = "/tmp/my_script.sh"
   deploy(hostname, port, username, password, local_path, remote_path)
   

4. 使用 ansible 库进行配置管理：

   from ansible.parsing.dataloader import DataLoader
   from ansible.vars.manager import VariableManager
   from ansible.inventory.manager import InventoryManager
   from ansible.playbook.play import Play
   from ansible.executor.task_queue_manager import TaskQueueManager
   from ansible.plugins.callback import CallbackBase
   
   class ResultCallback(CallbackBase):
       def v2_runner_on_ok(self, result, **kwargs):
           print(result._result)
   
   loader = DataLoader()
   inventory = InventoryManager(loader=loader, sources="localhost,")
   variable_manager = VariableManager(loader=loader, inventory=inventory)
   play = Play().load(dict(name="Ansible Play", hosts="all"), loader=loader, variable_manager=variable_manager)
   tqm = TaskQueueManager(inventory=inventory, loader=loader, variable_manager=variable_manager, passwords=None)
   tqm._stdout_callback = ResultCallback()
   tqm.run(play)
   

这些示例仅涵盖了 Python 自动化运维的一部分功能。实际上，根据需求，你可以结合更多库和工具来完成复杂的任务。在编写自动化脚本时，请确保遵循最佳实践，例如使用合适的错误处理、日志记录和文档编写。