在MongoDB中,你可以使用聚合管道(aggregation pipeline)进行嵌套查询。聚合管道是一系列的阶段(stages),每个阶段都会对数据进行某种操作。要在MongoDB中进行嵌套查询,你可以使用$unwind
、$group
、$project
等阶段来处理数据。
以下是一个简单的例子,说明如何在MongoDB中使用聚合管道进行嵌套查询:
假设我们有一个名为orders
的集合,其中包含以下文档:
[
{
"_id": 1,
"customer_id": 1,
"items": [
{ "product_id": 1, "quantity": 2 },
{ "product_id": 2, "quantity": 1 }
]
},
{
"_id": 2,
"customer_id": 2,
"items": [
{ "product_id": 1, "quantity": 1 },
{ "product_id": 3, "quantity": 2 }
]
},
{
"_id": 3,
"customer_id": 1,
"items": [
{ "product_id": 2, "quantity": 3 },
{ "product_id": 4, "quantity": 1 }
]
}
]
现在,我们想要查询每个客户的总消费金额(每个产品的数量乘以其价格)。首先,我们需要知道每个产品的价格。假设我们有一个名为products
的集合,其中包含以下文档:
[
{ "_id": 1, "name": "Product A", "price": 10 },
{ "_id": 2, "name": "Product B", "price": 20 },
{ "_id": 3, "name": "Product C", "price": 30 },
{ "_id": 4, "name": "Product D", "price": 40 }
]
我们可以使用以下聚合管道查询来计算每个客户的总消费金额:
db.orders.aggregate([
{
$lookup: {
from: "products",
localField: "items.product_id",
foreignField: "_id",
as: "product_info"
}
},
{
$unwind: "$items"
},
{
$unwind: "$product_info"
},
{
$addFields: {
"total_amount": { $multiply: ["$items.quantity", "$product_info.price"] }
}
},
{
$group: {
_id: "$customer_id",
total_spent: { $sum: "$total_amount" },
items: { $push: "$items" },
product_info: { $push: "$product_info" }
}
},
{
$project: {
_id: 0,
customer_id: "$_id",
total_spent: 1,
items: 1,
product_info: 1
}
}
])
这个查询的步骤如下:
$lookup
阶段将orders
集合与products
集合连接起来,以便获取每个产品的价格。$unwind
阶段将items
数组和product_info
数组拆分成多个文档。$addFields
阶段计算每个订单项的总金额(数量乘以价格)。$group
阶段按客户ID对文档进行分组,并计算每个客户的总消费金额。$project
阶段重新格式化输出结果。查询结果将如下所示:
[
{
"customer_id": 1,
"total_spent": 160,
"items": [
{ "product_id": 1, "quantity": 2 },
{ "product_id": 2, "quantity": 1 },
{ "product_id": 2, "quantity": 3 },
{ "product_id": 4, "quantity": 1 }
],
"product_info": [
{ "_id": 1, "name": "Product A", "price": 10 },
{ "_id": 2, "name": "Product B", "price": 20 },
{ "_id": 4, "name": "Product D", "price": 40 }
]
},
{
"customer_id": 2,
"total_spent": 90,
"items": [
{ "product_id": 1, "quantity": 1 },
{ "product_id": 3, "quantity": 2 }
],
"product_info": [
{ "_id": 1, "name": "Product A", "price": 10 },
{ "_id": 3, "name": "Product C", "price": 30 }
]
}
]