在ROS 2(Robot Operating System 2)中,节点之间的通信主要通过话题(Topics)、服务(Services)和动作(Actions)来实现。下面是一个简单的C++ ROS 2节点通信示例,包括一个发布者(Publisher)和一个订阅者(Subscriber)。
首先,确保你已经安装了ROS 2和相应的开发工具。
创建一个新的ROS 2工作空间和包:
mkdir -p ~/ros2_ws/src
cd ~/ros2_ws/src
colcon build --symlink-install
source install/setup.bash
package.xml
文件中添加以下内容,以创建一个名为my_package
的包,其中包含一个发布者(Publisher)和一个订阅者(Subscriber):<package name="my_package" version="0.0.0">
<description>My ROS 2 package with publisher and subscriber</description>
<license>Apache License 2.0</license>
<authors>
<author email="user@example.com">Your Name</author>
</authors>
<build_type>ament_cmake</build_type>
<dependencies>
<dependency>rclcpp</dependency>
<dependency>std_msgs</dependency>
</dependencies>
</package>
创建一个名为my_package/src
的文件夹,并在其中创建两个C++源文件:publisher.cpp
和subscriber.cpp
。
在publisher.cpp
文件中,编写一个发布者节点,用于发布名为my_topic
的话题:
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include "rclcpp/rclcpp.hpp"
#include "std_msgs/msg/string.hpp"
class Publisher : public rclcpp::Node {
public:
Publisher() : Node("publisher") {
publisher_ = this->create_publisher<std_msgs::msg::String>("my_topic", 10);
timer_ = this->create_wall_timer(1000ms, std::bind(&Publisher::publish_message, this));
}
private:
void publish_message() {
auto message = std_msgs::msg::String();
message.data = "Hello, ROS 2!";
publisher_->publish(message);
RCLCPP_INFO(this->get_logger(), "Published: '%s'", message.data.c_str());
}
std::shared_ptr<rclcpp::Publisher<std_msgs::msg::String>> publisher_;
std::shared_ptr<rclcpp::TimerBase> timer_;
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
rclcpp::init(argc, argv);
rclcpp::spin(std::make_shared<Publisher>());
rclcpp::shutdown();
return 0;
}
subscriber.cpp
文件中,编写一个订阅者节点,用于订阅名为my_topic
的话题:#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include "rclcpp/rclcpp.hpp"
#include "std_msgs/msg/string.hpp"
class Subscriber : public rclcpp::Node {
public:
Subscriber() : Node("subscriber") {
subscription_ = this->create_subscription<std_msgs::msg::String>("my_topic", 10, std::bind(&Subscriber::callback, this, std::placeholders::_1));
}
private:
void callback(const std_msgs::msg::String::SharedPtr msg) {
RCLCPP_INFO(this->get_logger(), "Received: '%s'", msg->data.c_str());
}
std::shared_ptr<rclcpp::Subscription<std_msgs::msg::String>> subscription_;
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
rclcpp::init(argc, argv);
rclcpp::spin(std::make_shared<Subscriber>());
rclcpp::shutdown();
return 0;
}
my_package
文件夹中创建一个名为CMakeLists.txt
的文件,用于编译源文件:cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
project(my_package)
find_package(ament_cmake REQUIRED)
find_package(rclcpp REQUIRED)
find_package(std_msgs REQUIRED)
add_executable(publisher src/publisher.cpp)
add_executable(subscriber src/subscriber.cpp)
ament_target_dependencies(publisher rclcpp std_msgs)
ament_target_dependencies(subscriber rclcpp std_msgs)
install(TARGETS publisher subscriber LIBRARY DESTINATION ${CATKIN_PACKAGE_LIB_DESTINATION})
cd ~/ros2_ws
colcon build --symlink-install
source install/setup.bash
ros2 run my_package publisher
ros2 run my_package subscriber
现在,你应该能看到发布者在每隔1秒发布一条消息,而订阅者则接收并打印这些消息。这就是一个简单的C++ ROS 2节点通信示例。你可以根据需要扩展此示例,以实现更复杂的消息传递和处理逻辑。