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PHP反射如何实现依赖注入

PHP
小樊
83
2024-11-05 23:53:34
栏目: 编程语言

在PHP中,依赖注入(Dependency Injection,简称DI)是一种设计模式,用于降低代码之间的耦合度。通过使用反射,我们可以在运行时动态地实例化和注入依赖。以下是一个简单的示例,展示了如何使用PHP反射实现依赖注入:

  1. 首先,创建一个接口和两个实现类:
interface MyInterface
{
    public function doSomething();
}

class MyImplementationA implements MyInterface
{
    public function doSomething()
    {
        echo "MyImplementationA doSomething\n";
    }
}

class MyImplementationB implements MyInterface
{
    public function doSomething()
    {
        echo "MyImplementationB doSomething\n";
    }
}
  1. 创建一个容器类,用于处理依赖注入:
class Container
{
    private $instances = [];

    public function set($key, $instance)
    {
        if (!is_object($instance)) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Instance must be an object');
        }
        $this->instances[$key] = $instance;
    }

    public function get($key)
    {
        if (!isset($this->instances[$key])) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('No instance found for key: ' . $key);
        }
        return $this->instances[$key];
    }
}
  1. 使用反射实现依赖注入:
function resolveDependencies(Container $container, array $typeHints)
{
    $reflection = new ReflectionClass($typeHints['class']);
    $constructor = $reflection->getConstructor();

    if ($constructor === null) {
        throw new InvalidArgumentException('Class ' . $typeHints['class'] . ' has no constructor');
    }

    $dependencies = [];
    foreach ($constructor->getParameters() as $parameter) {
        $dependencyName = $parameter->getName();
        if (!isset($container->get($dependencyName))) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Dependency ' . $dependencyName . ' not found');
        }
        $dependencies[] = $container->get($dependencyName);
    }

    return $reflection->newInstanceArgs($dependencies);
}
  1. 使用依赖注入容器:
$container = new Container();

$container->set('myInterface', resolveDependencies($container, [
    'class' => MyInterface::class,
    'dependencies' => [MyImplementationA::class, MyImplementationB::class],
]));

$instance = $container->get('myInterface');
$instance->doSomething(); // Output: MyImplementationA doSomething

在这个示例中,我们创建了一个简单的依赖注入容器,它使用反射来动态地实例化和注入依赖。resolveDependencies函数接受一个容器实例和一个类型提示数组,然后使用反射来获取类的构造函数和依赖项。接下来,它从容器中获取这些依赖项并使用它们来实例化类。最后,我们使用这个容器来实例化一个实现了MyInterface接口的类,并调用其doSomething方法。

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